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Mechanical Comparison of 10 Suture Materials before and after in Vivo Incubation
Abstract
The material properties of ten 2-O suture materials were evaluated tensiometrically at time = 0 and again after 6 weeks incubation in rats. All suture material was incubated and tested without knots. Specialized machinery was used with a custom securing apparatus to pull suture material apart at constant speed. Stress-strain curves were derived, and from these strength, toughness, strain at rupture, and elastic modulus were determined. Sutures tested included Vicryl [poly(glycolide-lactide)], Dexon (polyglycolic acid), Ethibond (polyester), silk, plain gut, chromic gut, Maxon (polyglyconate), PDS (polydioxanone), nylon, and Prolene (polypropylene). Elastic modulus was greatest for braided, least for monofilament, and intermediate for gut sutures, regardless of chemical composition (ANOVA, P = 0.0001). Strength, strain, and toughness decreased in all of the sutures over time in vivo with the exception of braided polyester (Ethibond), which remained stable. Silk demonstrated the least strength and toughness while PDS and Maxon were the strongest and toughest at time = 0. Vicryl, Dexon, and gut sutures were absorbed to the point that they could not be tested after 6 weeks in vivo. Performance tables are provided for all sutures.
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“Previous studies have shown that silk degraded via proteolytic degradation, resulting in a decrease in the scaffold mechanical strength [42, 43].”
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Altman, G. H., Diaz, F., Jakuba, C., Calabro, T., Horan, R. L., Chen, J., Lu, H., Richmond, J., & Kaplan, D. L. (2003) · Biomaterials · doi:10.1016/s0142-9612(02)00353-8 · Cited by 3,458
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Parrish, B., Breitenkamp, R. B., & Emrick, T. (2005) · Journal of the American Chemical Society · doi:10.1021/ja050310n · Cited by 579
Tissue Engineering of Ligaments
Vunjak-Novakovic, G., Altman, G., Horan, R., & Kaplan, D. L. (2004) · Annual Review of Biomedical Engineering · doi:10.1146/annurev.bioeng.6.040803.140037 · Cited by 346
Fan, H., Liu, H., Wong, E. J. W., Toh, S. L., & Goh, J. C. H. (2008) · Biomaterials · doi:10.1016/j.biomaterials.2008.04.012 · Cited by 209
Bacterial adherence to suture materials
Masini, B. D., Stinner, D. J., Waterman, S. M., & Wenke, J. C. (2011) · Journal of surgical education · doi:10.1016/j.jsurg.2010.09.015 · Cited by 151
Metadata
- Authors
- Greenwald, D., Shumway, S., Albear, P., & Gottlieb, L.
- Affiliations
- University of South Florida (US)
- Venue
- Journal of Surgical Research
- Publisher
- Elsevier BV
- Published
- 1994-04
- Volume
- 56
- Issue
- 4
- Pages
- 372-377
- ISSN
- 0022-4804 (ISSN-L)
- OpenAlex
- W2043685554
- Cited by
- 239
- References
- 0
- Citations by year
- 2026: 8 · 2025: 6 · 2024: 6 · 2023: 6 · 2022: 17 · 2021: 11 · 2020: 7 · 2019: 6 · 2018: 12 · 2017: 6 · 2016: 10 · 2015: 9 · 2014: 12 · 2013: 14 · 2012: 12
- FWCI
- 0.84
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Licence
- www.elsevier.com/tdm/userlicense/1.0/ (tdm)
- Locations
- Journal of Surgical Research (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Topics
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Surgery › Surgical Sutures and Adhesives
- Physical Sciences › Materials Science › Polymers and Plastics › Textile materials and evaluations
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Surgery › Hernia repair and management
- Keywords
- suture materials, biodegradable sutures, tensile strength, toughness, elastic modulus, stress-strain curves, polyglycolic acid, polypropylene, polydioxanone, silk suture, suture absorption, suture material comparison
- MeSH terms
- Animals, Elasticity, Male, Materials Testing, Stress, Mechanical, Sutures, Time Factors, Rats, Sprague-Dawley, Rats
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- CoChat. (2026). Citation check: Mechanical Comparison of 10 Suture Materials before and after in Vivo Incubation. https://app.cochat.ai/papers/10.1006/jsre.1994.1058
- The paper
- Greenwald, D., Shumway, S., Albear, P., & Gottlieb, L. (1994). Mechanical Comparison of 10 Suture Materials before and after in Vivo Incubation. Journal of Surgical Research. https://doi.org/10.1006/jsre.1994.1058
Data sources
Bibliographic data: Semantic Scholar, OpenAlex, Crossref.
Contains information from the Semantic Scholar Academic Graph Datasets, made available under the ODC Attribution License (ODC-BY 1.0).
Semantic Scholar’s data is described in: Kinney, R., et al. (2023). The Semantic Scholar Open Data Platform. arXiv:2301.10140.
