Student or educator? Sign up with your school email and get 6 months of Pro free.
CoChat
Sign Up
Cited by 310

The DOI matches its Crossref record; 11 of the 11 references it cites were found in a registry or an index.

A Developmental Functional MRI Study of Spatial Working Memory

Open access
Thomas, Kathleen M., King, Steven W., Franzen, Peter L., Welsh, Tomihisa F., Berkowitz, Aaron L., Noll, Douglas C., Birmaher, Vered, Casey, B.J.·1999·NeuroImage
DOI 10.1006/nimg.1999.0466
Open this paper in CoChat — free account

Abstract

Functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) was used to examine patterns of cortical activity in children during performance of a spatial working memory task. Six children (8-10 years) and six adults (19-26 years) searched a linear array of four boxes for the appearance of a dot. In the visual blocks, participants made no response. In the motor blocks, participants were instructed to indicate the location of the dot on each trial using a button-press response. In the working memory blocks, participants were instructed to indicate at which location the dot had appeared 1 or 2 trials previously. Both children and adults showed activity in the left precentral and postcentral gyri, as well as the right cerebellum for the motor condition as compared to the visual condition. Comparison of the memory and motor conditions revealed reliable activity in the right superior frontal gyrus (BA 8), right dorsolateral prefrontal cortex (BA 10/46), right superior parietal cortex, and bilateral inferior parietal cortex for both adults and children. These results suggest that spatial working memory tasks activate very similar cortical regions for school-age children and adults. The findings differ from previous imaging studies of nonspatial working memory tasks in that the prefrontal activations observed in the current work tend to be more dorsal. Results are discussed in light of the significant behavioral performance differences observed between child and adult participants.

Overview

The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.

Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.

A few free checks a day · papers already verified open instantly · results are public

Integrity signals

Registry

Crossref · 10.1006/nimg.1999.0466

Cites

11 of 11 references verified0 citation errors · 0 not checkable

Statistics

Verification

Claims the paper makes

The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.

Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.

A few free checks a day · papers already verified open instantly · results are public

Self-check

Percentages, sums and reported differences re-computed from the paper’s own numbers.

The self-check needs the paper’s full text.

Citations

Cites

Research works printed but not linked: 35

  1. Bourgeois, 1994, Synaptogenesis in the prefrontal cortex of rhesus monkeys, Cereb. Cort., 4, 78, 10.1093/cercor/4.1.78 · DOI · Paper page
  2. Braver, 1997, A parametric study of prefrontal cortex involvement in human working memory, Neuroimage, 5, 49, 10.1006/nimg.1996.0247 · DOI · Paper page
  3. Casey, 1995, Activation of prefrontal cortex in children during a nonspatial working memory task with functional MRI, Neuroimage, 2, 221, 10.1006/nimg.1995.1029 · DOI · Paper page
  4. Casey, 1998, Reproducibility of fMRI results across four institutions using a spatial working memory task, Neuroimage, 8, 249, 10.1006/nimg.1998.0360 · DOI
  5. Casey, 1997, fMRI study of ventral and dorsal prefrontal activation as a function of target probability, Proc. Soc. Neurosci., 23, 1119
  6. Casey, 1998, A developmental fMRI study of prefrontal organization, Neuroimage, 7, S512, 10.1016/S1053-8119(18)31345-4 · DOI
  7. Casey, 1997, The role of the anterior cingulate in automatic and controlled processes: A developmental neuroanatomical study, Dev. Psychobiol., 30, 61, 10.1002/(SICI)1098-2302(199701)30:1<61::AID-DEV6>3.0.CO;2-T · DOI
  8. Chugani, 1987, Positron emission tomography study of human brain functional development, Ann. Neurol., 22, 487, 10.1002/ana.410220408 · DOI · Paper page
  9. Cohen, 1993, Psyscope: A new graphic interactive environment for designing psychology experiments, Behav. Res. Methods: Instr. Comput., 25, 257, 10.3758/BF03204507 · DOI · Paper page
  10. Cohen, 1992, Context, cortex and dopamine: A connectionist approach to behavior and biology in schizophrenia, Psychol. Rev., 99, 45, 10.1037/0033-295X.99.1.45 · DOI · Paper page
  11. Courtney, 1996, Object and spatial working memory activate separate neural systems in human cortex, Cerebral Cortex, 6, 39, 10.1093/cercor/6.1.39 · DOI · Paper page
  12. Ellerman, 1998, Activation of visuomotor systems during visually guided movements: a functional MRI study, J. Magn. Reson., 131, 272, 10.1006/jmre.1998.1379 · DOI
  13. Fiez, 1996, A positron emission tomography study of the short-term maintenance of verbal information, J. Neurosci., 16, 808, 10.1523/JNEUROSCI.16-02-00808.1996 · DOI · Paper page
  14. Fuster, 1971, Neuron activity related to short-term memory, Science, 173, 652, 10.1126/science.173.3997.652 · DOI · Paper page
  15. Goldman, 1970, Localization of function within the dorsolateral prefrontal cortex of the rhesus monkey, Exp. Neurol., 27, 291, 10.1016/0014-4886(70)90222-0 · DOI · Paper page
  16. Hajnal, 1994, Artifacts due to stimulus correlated motion in functional imaging of the brain, Magn. Reson. Med., 31, 283, 10.1002/mrm.1910310307 · DOI · Paper page
  17. Huttenlocher, 1990, Morphometric study of human cerebral cortex development, Neuropsychologia, 28, 517, 10.1016/0028-3932(90)90031-I · DOI · Paper page
  18. Huttenlocher, 1997, Regional differences in synaptogenesis in human cerebral cortex, J. Comp. Neurol., 387, 167, 10.1002/(SICI)1096-9861(19971020)387:2<167::AID-CNE1>3.0.CO;2-Z · doi:10.1002/(sici)1096-9861(19971020)387:2<167::aid-cne1>3.0.co;2-z
  19. Jonides, 1993, Spatial working memory in humans as revealed by PET, Nature, 363, 623, 10.1038/363623a0 · DOI · Paper page
  20. Kail, 1991, Development of processing speed in childhood and adolescence, 10.1016/S0065-2407(08)60025-7 · DOI
  21. Kim, 1994, Activation of a cerebellar output nucleus during cognitive processing, Science, 265, 949, 10.1126/science.8052851 · DOI · Paper page
  22. Kwong, 1992, Dynamic magnetic resonance imaging of human brain activity during primary sensory motor stimulation, Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA, 89, 5675, 10.1073/pnas.89.12.5675 · DOI · Paper page
  23. Ogawa, 1990, Oxygenation-sensitive contrast in magnetic resonance image of rodent brain at high magnetic fields, Magn. Reson. Med., 26, 68, 10.1002/mrm.1910140108 · DOI · Paper page
  24. Orendi, 1997, A fMRI study of cortical activity in children and adults during a spatial working memory task, Neuroimage, 5, S603
  25. Owen, 1997, The functional organization of working memory processes within human lateral frontal cortex: The contribution of functional neuroimaging, Eur. J. Neurosci., 9, 1329, 10.1111/j.1460-9568.1997.tb01487.x · DOI · Paper page
  26. Owen, 1998, Functional organisation of spatial and non-spatial working memory processes within the human lateral frontal cortex, Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA, 95, 7721, 10.1073/pnas.95.13.7721 · DOI · Paper page
  27. Owen, 1999, Redefining the functional organization of working memory processes within human lateral prefrontal cortex, Eur. J. Neurosci., 11, 567, 10.1046/j.1460-9568.1999.00449.x · DOI · Paper page
  28. Pascual-Leone, 1970, A mathematical model for transition in Piaget's developmental stages, Psychologica, 32, 301
  29. Petersen, 1998, The effects of practice on the functional anatomy of task performance, Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA, 95, 853, 10.1073/pnas.95.3.853 · DOI · Paper page
  30. Petrides, 1993, Functional activation of the human frontal cortex during the performance of verbal working memory tasks, Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA, 90, 878, 10.1073/pnas.90.3.878 · DOI · Paper page
  31. Smith, 1996, Dissociating verbal and spatial working memory using PET, Cerebral Cortex, 6, 11, 10.1093/cercor/6.1.11 · DOI · Paper page
  32. Swartz, 1995, Cortical metabolic activation in humans during a visual memory task, Cerebral Cortex, 5, 205, 10.1093/cercor/5.3.205 · DOI
  33. Truwit, 1996, Functional MR imaging of working memory task activation in children: Preliminary findings, Neuroimage, 3, S564, 10.1016/S1053-8119(96)80566-0 · DOI
  34. Turner, 1991, Echo-planar time course MRI of cat brain oxygenation changes, Magn. Reson. Med., 22, 159, 10.1002/mrm.1910220117 · DOI · Paper page
  35. Woods, 1992, Rapid automated algorithm for aligning and reslicing PET images, J. Comput. Assist. Tomogr., 16, 620, 10.1097/00004728-199207000-00024 · DOI · Paper page

Cited by

See all 310

Metadata

Authors
Thomas, K. M., King, S. W., Franzen, P. L., Welsh, T. F., Berkowitz, A. L., Noll, D. C., Birmaher, V., & Casey, B. J.
Venue
NeuroImage
Publisher
Elsevier BV
Published
1999-09
Volume
10
Issue
3
Pages
327-338
ISSN
1053-8119 (ISSN-L)
DOI
10.1006/nimg.1999.0466
OpenAlex
W2023411832
Cited by
310
References
11
FWCI
6.24
Type
journal article
Language
en
Open access
hybrid
Licence

About these checks

Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.

Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.

Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.

What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›

Are you an author, or do you see a problem with this page? Request a review

Data sources

Bibliographic data: Semantic Scholar, OpenAlex, Crossref.

Contains information from the Semantic Scholar Academic Graph Datasets, made available under the ODC Attribution License (ODC-BY 1.0).

Semantic Scholar’s data is described in: Kinney, R., et al. (2023). The Semantic Scholar Open Data Platform. arXiv:2301.10140.