Activation of the prefrontal cortex in a nonspatial working memory task with functional MRI

Cohen, Jonathan D.; Forman, Steven D.; Braver, Todd S.; Casey, B. J.; Servan‐Schreiber, David; Noll, Douglas C.

doi:10.1002/hbm.460010407

Cited by 576Neural and Behavioral Psychology StudiesCognitive Abilities and TestingAdvanced MRI Techniques and Applications

Activation of the prefrontal cortex in a nonspatial working memory task with functional MRI

Cohen, Jonathan D., Forman, Steven D., Braver, Todd S., Casey, B. J., Servan‐Schreiber, David, Noll, Douglas C.·1994·Human Brain Mapping

DOI 10.1002/hbm.460010407

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Abstract

Functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) was used to examine the pattern of activity of the prefrontal cortex during performance of subjects in a nonspatial working memory task. Subjects observed sequences of letters and responded whenever a letter repeated with exactly one nonidentical letter intervening. In a comparison task, subjects monitored similar sequences of letters for any occurrence of a single, prespecified target letter. Functional scanning was performed using a newly developed spiral scan image acquisition technique that provides high‐resolution, multislice scanning at approximately five times the rate usually possible on conventional equipment (an average of one image per second). Using these methods, activation of the middle and inferior frontal gyri was reliably observed within individual subjects during performance of the working memory task relative to the comparison task. Effect sizes (2–4%) closely approximated those that have been observed within primary sensory and motor cortices using similar fMRI techniques. Furthermore, activation increased and decreased with a time course that was highly consistent with the task manipulations. These findings corroborate the results of positron emission tomography studies, which suggest that the prefrontal cortex is engaged by tasks that rely on working memory. Furthermore, they demonstrate the applicability of newly developed fMRI techniques using conventional scanners to study the associative cortex in individual subjects. © 1994 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.

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The neuroimaging claims are based largely on observations of activation for a nonlanguage task in or near a general brain region previously implicated in language, without a direct demonstration of overlap of linguistic and nonlinguistic activations in the same subjects.
“However, the neuroimaging claims are based largely on observations of activation for a nonlanguage task in or near a general brain region previously implicated in language (e.g., Broca's area), without a direct demonstration of overlap of linguistic and nonlinguistic activations in the same subjects.”
From Functional specificity for high-level linguistic processing in the human brain (2011) · cites this paper as [15]

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Authors: Cohen, J. D., Forman, S. D., Braver, T. S., Casey, B. J., Servan‐Schreiber, D., & Noll, D. C.
Affiliations: University of Pittsburgh (US)
National Institute of Mental Health (US)
Corresponding author: Cohen, Jonathan D.
ORCID: Cohen, Jonathan D.
Forman, Steven D.
Braver, Todd S.
Noll, Douglas C.
Venue: Human Brain Mapping
Publisher: Wiley
Published: 1994-01
Volume: 1
Issue: 4
Pages: 293-304
ISSN: 1065-9471 (ISSN-L)
1097-0193
DOI: 10.1002/hbm.460010407
OpenAlex: W1955896372
Cited by: 576
References: 52
Citations by year: 2026: 4 · 2025: 5 · 2024: 7 · 2023: 13 · 2022: 15 · 2021: 8 · 2020: 12 · 2019: 10 · 2018: 12 · 2017: 10 · 2016: 16 · 2015: 19 · 2014: 9 · 2013: 13 · 2012: 15
FWCI: 15.74
Type: journal article
Language: en
Open access: closed
Licence: onlinelibrary.wiley.com/termsAndConditions#vor (vor, 3938 d)
Locations: Human Brain Mapping (publishedVersion)
PubMed (publishedVersion)
Funders: Andrew W. Mellon Foundation
Carnegie Mellon University
National Institute of Mental Health
NIH Clinical Center
Topics: Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Cognitive Neuroscience › Neural and Behavioral Psychology Studies
Social Sciences › Psychology › Experimental and Cognitive Psychology › Cognitive Abilities and Testing
Health Sciences › Medicine › Radiology, Nuclear Medicine and Imaging › Advanced MRI Techniques and Applications
Keywords: prefrontal cortex, working memory, spiral scan, multislice imaging, middle frontal gyrus, inferior frontal gyrus, task-related brain activation, association cortex, individual differences

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Activation of the prefrontal cortex in a nonspatial working memory task with functional MRI

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