Neuropsychological Features of Mild Cognitive Impairment and Preclinical Alzheimer’s Disease
Abstract
Detectable cognitive decline occurs in patients with Alzheimer's disease (AD) well before the clinical diagnosis can be made with any certainty. Studies examining this preclinical period identify decline in episodic memory as the earliest manifestation of the disease (i.e., a condition of amnestic Mild Cognitive Impairment). The episodic memory impairment is characterized by deficits in a number of processes including delayed recall, the recollective aspect of recognition memory, associative memory necessary for "binding" representations of two or more stimuli, pattern separation necessary to distinguish between two similar memory representations, prospective memory required to remember a delayed intention to act at a certain time in the future, and autobiographical memory for specific episodes that occurred in one's past. A growing body of evidence suggests that cognitive changes in preclinical AD may be more global in nature. Deterioration of semantic knowledge is evident on demanding naming and category fluency tasks, and "executive" dysfunction is apparent on tasks that require concurrent mental manipulation of information (e.g., working memory) or cue-directed behavior (e.g., set-shifting). Asymmetric cognitive test performance may also be apparent prior to significant decline in cognitive ability. The pattern and progression of these neuropsychological changes fit well with the proposed distribution and spread of AD pathology and serve as important cognitive markers of…
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The preclinical period prior to the diagnosis of AD is characterized by deficits in a number of memory-related processes, including pattern separation.
“The preclinical period prior to the diagnosis of AD is characterized by deficits in a number of memory-related processes, including pattern separation [64], [67].”
From Arf4 Determines Dentate Gyrus-Mediated Pattern Separation by Regulating Dendritic Spine Development (2012) · cites this paper as [67]
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- Authors
- Salmon, D. P.
- Affiliations
- University of California System (US)
- Corresponding author
- Salmon, David P.
- ORCID
- Salmon, David P.
- Venue
- Current Topics in Behavioral Neurosciences
- Publisher
- Springer Berlin Heidelberg
- Published
- 2011
- Volume
- 10
- Pages
- 187-212
- ISSN
- 1866-3370 (ISSN-L)
- 1866-3389
- OpenAlex
- W240821486
- Cited by
- 83
- References
- 10
- Citations by year
- 2026: 5 · 2025: 7 · 2024: 5 · 2023: 6 · 2022: 4 · 2021: 6 · 2020: 3 · 2019: 5 · 2018: 3 · 2017: 9 · 2016: 6 · 2015: 6 · 2014: 3 · 2013: 9 · 2012: 3
- FWCI
- 16.84
- Type
- book chapter
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Licence
- Locations
- Current topics in behavioral neurosciences (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Topics
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Psychiatry and Mental health › Dementia and Cognitive Impairment Research
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Physiology › Alzheimer's disease research and treatments
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Experimental and Cognitive Psychology › Cognitive Functions and Memory
- Keywords
- mild cognitive impairment, preclinical Alzheimer's disease, episodic memory, amnestic mild cognitive impairment, recognition memory, associative memory, pattern separation, prospective memory, autobiographical memory, semantic memory, executive dysfunction, working memory, set-shifting, hemispheric lateralization, cognitive markers, Alzheimer's disease pathology
- MeSH terms
- Alzheimer Disease, Humans, Neuropsychological Tests, Disease Progression, Cognitive Dysfunction
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