Measuring cognitive change in subjects with prodromal Alzheimer’s disease
Open accessAbstract
OBJECTIVE: To investigate the sensitivity of a large set of neuropsychological tests to detect cognitive changes due to prodromal Alzheimer's disease(AD); to compare their metrological properties in order to select a restricted number of these tests for the longitudinal follow-up of subjects with prodromal AD. PARTICIPANTS: 212 patients with mild cognitive impairment were tested at baseline by a standardised neuropsychological battery, which included: the Free and Cued Selective Reminding test (FCSRT), the Benton Visual Retention test, the Deno100, verbal fluency, a serial digit learning test, the double task of Baddeley, the Wechsler Adult Intelligence Scale (WAIS) similarities, the Trail-Making Test and the WAIS digit symbol test. Patients were monitored every 6 months for up to 3 years in order to identify those who converted to AD (retrospectively classified as prodromal AD). Statistical analyses were performed using a nonlinear multivariate mixed model involving a latent process. This model assumes that the psychometric tests are nonlinear transformations of a common latent cognitive process, and it captures the metrological properties of tests. RESULTS: 57 patients converted to AD. The most sensitive tests in the detection of cognitive changes due to prodromal AD were the FCSRT, the semantic verbal fluency and the Deno100. Some tests exhibited a higher sensitivity to cognitive changes for subjects with high levels of cognition, such as the free recall, delayed free recall scores of the FCSRT and the semantic verbal fluency, whereas others showed a higher sensitivity at low levels of cognition, such as the total recall score of the FCSRT. CONCLUSIONS: Tests used for the follow-up of prodromal AD subjects should be chosen among those that actually decline in this stage of the disease and should be selected according to the subject's initial scores.
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Animal studies show that metformin decreases AD neuropathology.
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From Metformin in Amnestic Mild Cognitive Impairment: Results of a Pilot Randomized Placebo Controlled Clinical Trial (2016) · cites this paper as [87]
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“However, we interpret this finding as evidence of practice effects, which are increasingly recognized in aMCI [87], are inversely related with conversion to AD, and can be examined as an outcome in clinical trials [88].”
- Authors
- Mura, T., Proust-Lima, C., Jacqmin-Gadda, H., Akbaraly, T. N., Touchon, J., Dubois, B., & Berr, C.
- Affiliations
- Inserm (FR)
- Corresponding author
- Mura, T.
- Venue
- Journal of Neurology, Neurosurgery & Psychiatry
- Publisher
- BMJ
- Published
- 2013-07-09
- Volume
- 85
- Issue
- 4
- Pages
- 363-370
- ISSN
- 0022-3050 (ISSN-L)
- PMC
- PMC5225268
- OpenAlex
- W2126474555
- Cited by
- 64
- References
- 44
- Citations by year
- 2026: 1 · 2025: 1 · 2024: 7 · 2023: 3 · 2022: 5 · 2021: 7 · 2020: 7 · 2019: 1 · 2018: 8 · 2017: 5 · 2016: 6 · 2015: 7 · 2014: 5 · 2013: 1
- FWCI
- 4.49
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- green
- www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov
- Locations
- Journal of Neurology Neurosurgery & Psychiatry (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- PubMed Central (acceptedVersion)
- HAL (submittedVersion, other-oa)
- HighWire Press Open Archive (submittedVersion)
- Funders
- Medical Research Council (MR/K013351/1)
- Economic and Social Research Council (ES/J023299/1)
- Topics
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Psychiatry and Mental health › Dementia and Cognitive Impairment Research
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Applied Psychology › Psychological Testing and Assessment
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Clinical Psychology › Historical and Modern Theater Studies
- Keywords
- prodromal Alzheimer's disease, mild cognitive impairment, longitudinal follow-up, Free and Cued Selective Reminding Test, verbal fluency, semantic memory, test selection, conversion to Alzheimer's disease
- MeSH terms
- Aged, Aged, 80 and over, Alzheimer Disease, Female, Humans, Male, Middle Aged, Neuropsychological Tests, Psychometrics, Retrospective Studies, Sensitivity and Specificity, Cognitive Dysfunction, Prodromal Symptoms
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