The DOI matches its Crossref record.
How Competitive Forces Shape Strategy
Abstract
The essence of strategy formulation is coping with competition. Yet it is easy to view competition too narrowly and too pessimistically. While one sometimes hears executives complaining to the contrary, intense competition in an industry is neither coincidence nor bad luck.
Overview
The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.
Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.
Integrity signals
Registry
Cites
Statistics
Verification
Claims the paper makes
The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.
Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.
Self-check
Percentages, sums and reported differences re-computed from the paper’s own numbers.
The self-check needs the paper’s full text.
Citations
Cites
No references could be resolved yet.
Research works printed but not linked: 1
- Theodore Levitt, ‘Marketing Myopia’, reprinted as an HBR Classic, September–October 1975, p. 26.
Cited by
Teece, D. J. (2007) · Strategic Management Journal · doi:10.1002/smj.640 · Cited by 16,825
Buhalis, D., & Law, R. (2008) · Tourism Management · doi:10.1016/j.tourman.2008.01.005 · Cited by 3,823
From Competitive Advantage to Corporate Strategy
Porter, M. E. (1989) · Readings in Strategic Management · doi:10.1007/978-1-349-20317-8_17 · Cited by 2,092
Self-citationResource-based theory in marketing
Kozlenkova, I. V., Samaha, S. A., & Palmatier, R. W. (2014) · Journal of the Academy of Marketing Science · doi:10.1007/s11747-013-0336-7 · Cited by 882
Borges, A. F. S., Laurindo, F. J. B., Spínola, M. M., Gonçalves, R. F., & Mattos, C. A. (2021) · International Journal of Information Management · doi:10.1016/j.ijinfomgt.2020.102225 · Cited by 760
Metadata
- Authors
- Porter, M. E.
- Venue
- Readings in Strategic Management
- Publisher
- Macmillan Education UK
- Published
- 1989
- Pages
- 133-143
- OpenAlex
- W56218459
- Cited by
- 3,267
- References
- 0
- FWCI
- 69.36
- Type
- book chapter
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.
What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›
Are you an author, or do you see a problem with this page? Request a review
How to cite
Cite CoChat for the checks on this page, and the paper for its own findings.
- This page
- CoChat. (2026). Citation check: How Competitive Forces Shape Strategy. https://app.cochat.ai/papers/10.1007/978-1-349-20317-8_10
- The paper
- Porter, M. E. (1989). How Competitive Forces Shape Strategy. Readings in Strategic Management. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-349-20317-8_10
Data sources
Bibliographic data: Semantic Scholar, OpenAlex, Crossref.
Contains information from the Semantic Scholar Academic Graph Datasets, made available under the ODC Attribution License (ODC-BY 1.0).
Semantic Scholar’s data is described in: Kinney, R., et al. (2023). The Semantic Scholar Open Data Platform. arXiv:2301.10140.