The DOI matches its Crossref record; 12 of the 12 references it cites were found in a registry or an index.
Design of Observational Studies
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Integrity signals
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In the citing paper
“Interestingly, this score has a balancing property that states that if customers have the same propensity score, then the difference in their risk characteristics is independent of the assigned treatment, or 𝑇 𝑖 ⟂ 𝑿 𝑖 |𝜋(𝑡 𝑐 , 𝑿 𝑖 ) ∀𝑐 ∈ {1, … , 𝐶} (Guo & Fraser, 2009;Imbens, 2004;Rosenbaum, 2010).”
From Customer price sensitivities in competitive insurance markets (2022) · cites this paper as Rosenbaum, 2010
In the citing paper
“We recognize, of course, that quasi-experimental methods such as instrumental variables and regression discontinuity designs allow for causal conclusions to be drawn from observational snapshots when investigators make strong, explicit assumptions and articulate a credible identification strategy 27-30 .”
From Quantifying the prevalence and impact of overreaching causal claims in social science (2026) · cites this paper as [27]
Citations
Cites
The Bias Due to Incomplete Matching
Rosenbaum, P. R., & Rubin, D. B. (1985) · Biometrics · doi:10.2307/2530647 · Cited by 532
Self-citationDoes Cardiac Transplantation Prolong Life?
Gail, M. H. (1972) · Annals of Internal Medicine · doi:10.7326/0003-4819-76-5-815 · Cited by 124
Causal Inference in Randomized Experiments
Rosenbaum, P. R. (2009) · Springer series in statistics · doi:10.1007/978-1-4419-1213-8_2 · Cited by 10
Self-citationCompeting Theories Structure Design
Rosenbaum, P. R. (2009) · Springer series in statistics · doi:10.1007/978-1-4419-1213-8_4 · Cited by 4
Self-citationTwo Simple Models for Observational Studies
Rosenbaum, P. R. (2009) · Springer series in statistics · doi:10.1007/978-1-4419-1213-8_3 · Cited by 3
Self-citationUncommon but Dramatic Responses to Treatment
Rosenbaum, P. R. (2009) · Springer series in statistics · doi:10.1007/978-1-4419-1213-8_16 · Cited by 2
Self-citationRosenbaum, P. R. (1995) · Springer series in statistics · doi:10.1007/978-1-4757-2443-1_7 · Cited by 2
Self-citationCausal Inference in Randomized Experiments
Rosenbaum, P. R. (2021) · Chapman & Hall/CRC eBooks · doi:10.1201/9781003039648-ch1 · Cited by 2
Self-citationInternal and External Validity
(2020) · doi:10.4135/9781529692730 · Cited by 2
(2008) · Apress eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-1-4302-0523-4_18 · Cited by 1
Cited by
Sorted by citations
Items 1,001–1,002 of 1,002
Learning Representations for Counterfactual Inference
Johansson, F. D., Shalit, U., & Sontag, D. (2016) · arXiv · doi:10.48550/arxiv.1605.03661 · Cited by 396
(2011) · The University of Bath Online Publications Store (The University of Bath) · Cited by 284
Metadata
- Authors
- Rosenbaum, P. R.
- Affiliations
- University of Pennsylvania (US)
- Corresponding author
- Rosenbaum, Paul R.
- ORCID
- Rosenbaum, Paul R.
- Venue
- Springer Series in Statistics
- Publisher
- Springer New York
- Published
- 2010
- ISSN
- 0172-7397 (ISSN-L)
- OpenAlex
- W253646976
- Cited by
- 1,150
- References
- 12
- Citations by year
- 2026: 33 · 2025: 72 · 2024: 58 · 2023: 58 · 2022: 73 · 2021: 115 · 2020: 108 · 2019: 71 · 2018: 73 · 2017: 68 · 2016: 75 · 2015: 85 · 2014: 84 · 2013: 58 · 2012: 55
- FWCI
- 6.61
- Type
- book
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Licence
- Locations
- Springer series in statistics (publishedVersion)
- CERN Document Server (European Organization for Nuclear Research) (submittedVersion)
- Digital Access to Libraries (Université catholique de Louvain (UCL), l'Université de Namur (UNamur) and the Université Saint-Louis (USL-B)) (submittedVersion)
- Funders
- National Science Foundation
- Topics
- Physical Sciences › Mathematics › Statistics and Probability › Advanced Causal Inference Techniques
- Physical Sciences › Mathematics › Statistics and Probability › Statistical Methods in Epidemiology
- Social Sciences › Decision Sciences › Management Science and Operations Research › Optimal Experimental Design Methods
- Keywords
- observational studies, research design, causal inference, statistical inference, confounding
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
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