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Transactive Memory: A Contemporary Analysis of the Group Mind
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“The transactional memory model was developed by Wegner, Giuliano, and Hertel (1985), Wegner (1987), Wegner, Erber, and Raymond (1991), Barnier and Sutton (2008).Integrated the information retained in memory of a group into two components, the information stored by the members of the group in their individual memories and the directories held by members of the group that identified the existence,”
From Linking knowledge management, organizational learning and memory (2020) · cites this paper as Wegner (1987)
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“$ +$#$ Transactive memory systems (TMS) as described by Wegner (1987), enables organisations to locate relevant expertise from a pool of potential partners.”
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Wiese, C. W., & Burke, C. S. (2019) · Frontiers in Psychology · doi:10.3389/fpsyg.2019.01417 · Cited by 65
“Transactive memory systems are representative of a shared information encoding, storing, and retrieval process among team members (Wegner et al., 1985; Wegner, 1986) and reflect who knows what on a team (Ren and Argote, 2011).”
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“For over three decades, transactive memory systems (TMS) research has established a multi-level theoretical framework to understand how knowledge is distributed, recognized, shared, and used at the dyadic, group, organizational, and inter-organizational levels (Wegner, 1986).”
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“Transactive memory theory, as developed by Wegner et al. (1985, 1991) and Wegner (1986, 1995) (see also Sutton et al. 2010; Tollefson et al. 2013; Theiner 2013), describes how social groups process and structure information, in that way developing a transactive memory system (TMS).”
BackgroundMethodInfluentialNarrative niche construction: memory ecologies and distributed narrative identities
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“Turkle (2007) introduces the notion of an “evocative object”, which she characterises as objects that generate a feeling or thought (or both) in their user.”
BackgroundDoes Distance Hinder Coordination? Identifying and Bridging Boundaries of Offshored Work
Ceci, F., & Prencipe, A. (2013) · Journal of International Management · doi:10.1016/j.intman.2013.04.001 · Cited by 48
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“…to groups (e.g., Theiner et al., 2010; Theiner & O’Connor, 2010; Theiner and Wilson, 2013; Barnier et al., 2008; Tollefsen, 2006; Wegner, 1985; Wegner; 1986; Sutton, 2008)—on the basis of what he calls ‘ minimal mindedness’ : 27 It is important to note, however, that, usually, philosophical…”
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“As Wegner (1987) posited TMS describe how team members use their peers as “ external memory aids ” that complement their own personal knowledge.”
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“Transactive memory theory suggests that, while building a strong and reliable social network within 1 3 Towards a digital work environment: the influence of… an organization, employees can use this social network by accessing the knowledge of others (Wegner 1987).”
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“He contends that our memory systems treat the Internet as a global expert and, because of our tendency to socially distribute memory (Wegner 1987), individual brains tend to store less information internally.”
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“Srivastava et al. (2006) suggested that knowledge sharing in groups improves performance because of the beneficial effect it has on team coordination, specifically in the development of transactive memory, defined as the knowledge of ‘who knows what’ in a group (Wegner 1987; Srivastava et al. 2006).”
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“Research has proposed different conceptual approaches, for example, complex adaptive systems (CAS) [7], transactive memory systems [18], and sensemaking [19].”
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Selecting Expertise in Context
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“Spillane and colleagues (2015) related their findings to the notion of transactive memory (Wegner, 1987), with a focus on the idea that formal positions (e.g., instructional coach) signal which colleagues hold particular expertise.”
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Peltokorpi, V., & Hood, A. C. (2018) · Topics in Cognitive Science · doi:10.1111/tops.12359 · Cited by 51
“TMS theory highlights the tendency for people in dyads, groups, and teams to share the work of remembering certain types of shared information (Wegner, 1986; Whelan & Teigland, 2013).”
BackgroundInfluentialWithin- and Between-Team Coordination via Transactive Memory Systems and Boundary Spanning
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“With better-coordinated knowledge exchanges, both within and between teams, members will refine their understandings of member-expertise associations, because either the knowledge exchanges reinforce existing perceptions of who knows what, or they will update prior perceptions so that member-expertise associations bec…”
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“TMSs were conceptualized by Wegner (1987) to explain how members in close relationships organize and remember information important for cooperative tasks.”
BackgroundTransactive memory systems in research team innovation: A moderated mediation analysis
Peltokorpi, V., & Hasu, M. (2015) · Journal of Engineering and Technology Management · doi:10.1016/j.jengtecman.2015.11.001 · Cited by 43
The symmetry of partner modelling
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“It is thus closely related to the notion of transactive memory (Wegner 1987; Moreland 1999).”
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Howland, M., Farrell, A. K., Simpson, J. A., Rothman, A. J., Burns, R. J., Fillo, J., & Wlaschin, J. (2016) · Health Psychology · doi:10.1037/hea0000334 · Cited by 43
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“Such collaborative benefits may be due to well-developed systems for communicating and coordinating joint recall that older couples (compared to convenience groups of strangers) have developed, because they are well practised in remembering together (“transactive memory systems”; Wegner, 1987).”
BackgroundFeatures of Successful and Unsuccessful Collaborative Memory Conversations in Long‐Married Couples
Harris, C. B., Barnier, A. J., Sutton, J. D., & Savage, G. R. (2018) · Topics in Cognitive Science · doi:10.1111/tops.12350 · Cited by 43
“This is consistent with the predictions of transactive memory theory (Wegner, 1987; Wegner et al., 1985) regarding the importance of successful communication or “transactions” in bringing about the memory benefits associated with transactive memory systems.”
BackgroundResultInfluentialCoordination in Teams: Evidence from a Simulated Management Game
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Acknowledge, repeat, rephrase, elaborate: Witnesses can help each other remember more
Vredeveldt, A., Hildebrandt, A., & Koppen, P. J. V. (2015) · Memory · doi:10.1080/09658211.2015.1042884 · Cited by 42
“At first sight, the failure to find an association between relationship duration and recall performance seems to contradict the idea that transactive memory systems develop over time (Tollefsen, 2006; Wegner, 1987).”
BackgroundReaping what they sow: Benefits of remembering together in intimate couples.
Barnier, A. J., Priddis, A. C., Broekhuijse, J. M., et al. (2014) · Journal of Applied Research in Memory and Cognition · doi:10.1016/j.jarmac.2014.06.003 · Cited by 42
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Yuan, C. W., Hanrahan, B. V., Lee, S., Rosson, M. B., & Carroll, J. M. (2017) · Proceedings of the ACM on Human-Computer Interaction · doi:10.1145/3134753 · Cited by 42
“Depending on their role, expertise, and responsibilities in an existing interpersonal relationship, interaction partners may have created a system that supports the encoding, storage, and retrieval of information for different contexts; this has been termed transactive memory [37].”
BackgroundBuilding an Infrastructure for Organizational Learning: A Multilevel Approach
Kozlowski, S. W. J., Chao, G. T., & Jensen, J. M. (2009) · Routledge eBooks · doi:10.4324/9780203878385-20 · Cited by 42
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Adaptive Group Coordination and Role Differentiation
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Aalbers, R., Dolfsma, W. A., & Leenders, R. (2015) · Journal of Product Innovation Management · doi:10.1111/jpim.12287 · Cited by 45
“This line of reasoning is supported by transactive memory theory (Wegner 1987; Moreland 1999; Monge and Contractor 2003).”
MethodFischer, F., Kollar, I., Ufer, S., Sodian, B., Hussmann, H., Pekrun, R., Neuhaus, B., Dorner, B., Pankofer, S., Fischer, M., et al. (2014) · Frontline Learning Research · doi:10.14786/flr.v2i3.96 · Cited by 42
Moving beyond cyber security awareness and training to engendering security knowledge sharing
Alahmari, S., Renaud, K., & Omoronyia, I. (2022) · Information Systems and e-Business Management · doi:10.1007/s10257-022-00575-2 · Cited by 56
“TMS has been described as “ a set of individual memory systems in combination with the communication that takes place between individuals ” (Wegner 1987).”
BackgroundSu, C., Huang, M., & Contractor, N. (2010) · European J of International Management · doi:10.1504/ejim.2010.035590 · Cited by 41
Computational Approaches to Sociological Theorizing
Carley, K. M. (2006) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/0-387-36274-6_4 · Cited by 40
Collective tacit knowledge generation through play
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The emergence of human capital: Roles of social capital and coordination that drive unit performance
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Responsible remembering and forgetting as contributors to memory for important information
Murphy, D. H., & Castel, A. D. (2021) · Memory & Cognition · doi:10.3758/s13421-021-01139-4 · Cited by 42
Argote, L. (2015) · Global Strategy Journal · doi:10.1002/gsj.1096 · Cited by 41
Being Different, But Close: How and When Faultlines Enhance Team Learning
Rupert, J., Blomme, R. J., Dragt, M. J., & Jehn, K. A. (2016) · European Management Review · doi:10.1111/emre.12083 · Cited by 41
“A team’s transactive memory is a team-level cognitive construct that encodes, retrieves and communicates knowledge about who knows what in a team (Liang et al., 1995; Wegner, 1987).”
One with the Cloud: Why People Mistake the Internet's Knowledge for Their Own
Ward, A. F. (2013) · Digital Access to Scholarship at Harvard (DASH) (Harvard University) · Cited by 41
Metadata
- Authors
- Wegner, D. M.
- Corresponding author
- Wegner, Daniel M.
- Venue
- Theories of Group Behavior
- Publisher
- Springer New York
- Published
- 1987
- Pages
- 185-208
- OpenAlex
- W2049890080
- Semantic Scholar
- 77648f4b91847a3df191f00ce13d123cf4bf3c88
- Cited by
- 2,700
- References
- 32
- Citations by year
- 2026: 96 · 2025: 71 · 2024: 89 · 2023: 123 · 2022: 88 · 2021: 97 · 2020: 110 · 2019: 95 · 2018: 117 · 2017: 121 · 2016: 116 · 2015: 123 · 2014: 133 · 2013: 145 · 2012: 163
- FWCI
- 1.92
- Type
- book chapter
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Locations
- Springer eBooks (publishedVersion)
- Topics
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Social Psychology › Team Dynamics and Performance
- Social Sciences › Sociology and Political Science › Social and Intergroup Psychology
- Social Sciences › Psychology › General Psychology › Academic and Historical Perspectives in Psychology
- Keywords
- transactive memory, group mind, group behavior, collective consciousness, social psychology theory, Émile Durkheim, Le Bon, Jean-Jacques Rousseau, Hegel, McDougall, Wilhelm Wundt, Ross, individualism-collectivism
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