Clinical Applications of Cognitive Therapy
Integrity signals
Registry
Cites
Statistics
Claims the paper makes
Claims other papers make about this one
Each is checked against this paper’s own text: does it say what the citing paper says it does?
The CCS items were constructed based on the CBT treatment manual, suggesting that the CCS is expected to be a face-valid measurement.
“Items were constructed based on the cognitive techniques detailed in the CBT treatment manual (Freeman et al. 1990). This procedure suggests that CCS is expected to be a face-valid measurement.”
From Common Factors of Meditation, Focusing, and Cognitive Behavioral Therapy: Longitudinal Relation of Self-Report Measures to Worry, Depressive, and Obsessive-Compulsive Symptoms Among Nonclinical Students (2015) · cites this paper as Freeman et al. 1990
Cited by
Sorted by citations
Cognitive Therapy: Basics and Beyond
Beck, J. S. (1995) · Medical Entomology and Zoology · Cited by 2,208 · see citing works
The nature and measurement of compulsive indecisiveness
Frost, R. O., & Shows, D. L. (1993) · Behaviour Research and Therapy · doi:10.1016/0005-7967(93)90121-a · Cited by 422 · see citing works
Virtual Reality Cognitive Behavior Therapy for Public Speaking Anxiety: A Randomized Clinical Trial
Wallach, H. S., Safir, M. P., & Bar-Zvi, M. (2009) · Behavior Modification · doi:10.1177/0145445509331926 · Cited by 218 · see citing works
Mediators and moderators of change in cognitive therapy of depression.
Whisman, M. A. (1993) · Psychological Bulletin · doi:10.1037/0033-2909.114.2.248 · Cited by 219 · see citing works
Executive deficits in major depression
Degl'Innocenti, A., Ågren, H., & Bäckman, L. (1998) · Acta Psychiatrica Scandinavica · doi:10.1111/j.1600-0447.1998.tb09985.x · Cited by 193 · see citing works
Development and Validation of the Japanese Version of the Five Facet Mindfulness Questionnaire
Sugiura, Y., Sato, A., Ito, Y., & Murakami, H. (2012) · Mindfulness · doi:10.1007/s12671-011-0082-1 · Cited by 164 · see citing works
APPLYING BEHAVIOR ANALYSIS TO CLINICAL PROBLEMS: REVIEW AND ANALYSIS OF HABIT REVERSAL
Miltenberger, R. G., Fuqua, R. W., & Woods, D. W. (1998) · Journal of Applied Behavior Analysis · doi:10.1901/jaba.1998.31-447 · Cited by 168 · see citing works
Heymann-Monnikes, I., Arnold, R., Florin, I., Herda, C., Melfsen, S., & Monnikes, H. (2000) · The American Journal of Gastroenterology · doi:10.1111/j.1572-0241.2000.01937.x · Cited by 169 · see citing works
The Empirical Basis of Dialectical Behavior Therapy: Summary, Critique, and Implications
Scheel, K. R. (2006) · Clinical Psychology Science and Practice · doi:10.1093/clipsy.7.1.68 · Cited by 125 · see citing works
Mental health implications of music: insight from neuroscientific and clinical studies.
Lin, S.-T., Yang, P.-C., Lai, C., Su, Y.-Y., Yeh, Y.-C., Huang, M.-F., & Chen, C.-C. (2011) · Harvard Review of Psychiatry · doi:10.3109/10673229.2011.549769 · Cited by 132 · see citing works
Magnuson, A. M., Sattar, S., Nightingale, G., Saracino, R. M., Skonecki, E., & Trevino, K. M. (2019) · American Society of Clinical Oncology Educational Book · doi:10.1200/edbk_237641 · Cited by 138 · see citing works
Public speaking anxiety decreases within repeated virtual reality training sessions
Takac, M., Collett, J., Blom, K. J., Conduit, R., Rehm, I. C., & Foe, A. D. (2019) · PLoS ONE · doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0216288 · Cited by 126 · see citing works
Cognitive-behavioral play therapy
Knell, S. M. (1990) · PsycEXTRA Dataset · doi:10.1037/e549312011-006 · Cited by 122 · see citing works
Marziano, V., Ward, T. J., Beech, A. R., & Pattison, P. E. (2005) · Psychology Crime and Law · doi:10.1080/10683160500056887 · Cited by 119 · see citing works
Self-Evaluation of Cognitive Therapy Performance: Do Therapists Know How Competent They Are?
Brosan, L., Reynolds, S. A., & Moore, R. G. (2008) · Behavioural and Cognitive Psychotherapy · doi:10.1017/s1352465808004438 · Cited by 118 · see citing works
Inference processes in Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder: Some clinical observations
O’Connor, K. P., & Robillard, S. (1995) · Behaviour Research and Therapy · doi:10.1016/0005-7967(95)00042-v · Cited by 117 · see citing works
Kiselica, M. S., Baker, S. B., Thomas, R. N., & Reedy, S. (1994) · Journal of Counseling Psychology · doi:10.1037/0022-0167.41.3.335 · Cited by 120 · see citing works
A framework for incorporating minority stress theory into treatment with sexual minority clients
Alessi, E. J. (2014) · Journal of Gay & Lesbian Mental Health · doi:10.1080/19359705.2013.789811 · Cited by 108 · see citing works
An appraisal of cognitive therapy.
Robins, C. J., & Hayes, A. M. (1993) · Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology · doi:10.1037//0022-006x.61.2.205 · Cited by 103 · see citing works
Therapist self-disclosure as an integrative intervention.
Ziv‐Beiman, S. (2013) · Journal of Psychotherapy Integration · doi:10.1037/a0031783 · Cited by 91 · see citing works
Lester, P. B., Harms, P. D., Herian, M., Krasikova, D. V., & Beal, S. J. (2011) · doi:10.21236/ada553635 · Cited by 88 · see citing works
Generic psychotherapy case formulation training improves formulation quality.
Kendjelic, E. M., & Eells, T. D. (2007) · Psychotherapy · doi:10.1037/0033-3204.44.1.66 · Cited by 83 · see citing works
Mancini, F., D’Olimpio, F., & Cieri, L. (2003) · Behaviour Research and Therapy · doi:10.1016/s0005-7967(03)00153-0 · Cited by 77 · see citing works
Personality disorders in prisoners and their motivation for dangerous and disruptive behaviour
Coid, J. W. (2002) · Criminal Behaviour and Mental Health · doi:10.1002/cbm.497 · Cited by 67 · see citing works
Atkins, D. C., & Christensen, A. (2001) · Australian Psychologist · doi:10.1080/00050060108259644 · Cited by 73 · see citing works
Treatment of borderline personality disorder: A challenge for cognitive-behavioural therapy
Arntz, A. R. (1994) · Behaviour Research and Therapy · doi:10.1016/0005-7967(94)90005-1 · Cited by 67 · see citing works
Cognitive Therapy and Depression
Freeman, A., & Oster, C. L. (1998) · Elsevier eBooks · doi:10.1016/b978-008043433-9/50018-3 · Cited by 67 · see citing works
Self-citationGonzález, L. O. (2000) · Issues in Mental Health Nursing · doi:10.1080/01612840050110317 · Cited by 65 · see citing works
The Edinburgh Primary Care Depression Study: Personality Disorder and Outcome
Patience, D. A., McGuire, R. J., Scott, A. I. F., & Freeman, C. P. L. (1995) · The British Journal of Psychiatry · doi:10.1192/bjp.167.3.324 · Cited by 63 · see citing works
The Development and Validation of the Arabic Obsessive Compulsive Scale
Abdel‐Khalek, A. M. (1998) · European Journal of Psychological Assessment · doi:10.1027/1015-5759.14.2.146 · Cited by 52 · see citing works
Feeling guilty as a source of information about threat and performance
Gangemi, A., Mancini, F., & van den Hout, M. (2007) · Behaviour Research and Therapy · doi:10.1016/j.brat.2007.03.011 · Cited by 57 · see citing works
Yurica, C. L., & DiTomasso, R. A. (2006) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/0-306-48581-8_36 · Cited by 71 · see citing works
Cognitive-behavioral play therapy
Knell, S. M. (1998) · Journal of Clinical Child Psychology · doi:10.1207/s15374424jccp2701_3 · Cited by 54 · see citing works
Reexamination of Therapist Self-Disclosure
Psychopathology Committee of the Group for the Advancement of Psychiatry (2001) · Psychiatric Services · doi:10.1176/appi.ps.52.11.1489 · Cited by 50 · see citing works
Effectiveness of Group Cognitive-Behavioral Therapy for General Symptomatology: A Meta-Analysis
Petrocelli, J. V. (2002) · The Journal for Specialists in Group Work · doi:10.1177/0193392202027001008 · Cited by 49 · see citing works
Interpersonal Dependency in Borderline Personality Disorder: Clinical Context and Empirical Evidence
Bornstein, R. F., Becker-Matero, N., Winarick, D. J., & Reichman, A. L. (2010) · Journal of Personality Disorders · doi:10.1521/pedi.2010.24.1.109 · Cited by 45 · see citing works
Anchin, J. C., & Pincus, A. L. (2010) · American Psychological Association eBooks · doi:10.1037/12130-005 · Cited by 37 · see citing works
Development and validation of the Japanese version of cognitive flexibility scale
Oshiro, K., Nagaoka, S., & Shimizu, E. (2016) · BMC Research Notes · doi:10.1186/s13104-016-2070-y · Cited by 41 · see citing works
Cognitive—Behavioral Treatment of Postconcussion Syndrome
Ferguson, R. J., & Mittenberg, W. (1996) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-1-4899-1528-3_16 · Cited by 34 · see citing works
Responding to Blame in Family Therapy: A Constructionist/Narrative Perspective
Friedlander, M. L., Heatherington, L., & Marrs, A. L. (2000) · American Journal of Family Therapy · doi:10.1080/019261800261716 · Cited by 34 · see citing works
Optimism, pessimism, and psychotherapy: Implications for clinical practice.
Pretzer, J. L., & Walsh, C. A. (2001) · American Psychological Association eBooks · doi:10.1037/10385-015 · Cited by 34 · see citing works
Self-citation14 Culture and Suicide: From a Japanese Psychiatrist's Perspective
Takahashi, Y. (1997) · Suicide and Life-Threatening Behavior · doi:10.1111/j.1943-278x.1997.tb00510.x · Cited by 32 · see citing works
Ziv-Beiman, S., Keinan, G., Livneh, E., Malone, P., & Shahar, G. (2017) · Psychotherapy Research · doi:10.1080/10503307.2016.1138334 · Cited by 31 · see citing works
Therapist Grief and Functional Analytic Psychotherapy: Strategic Self-Disclosure of Personal Loss
Tsai, M., Plummer, M. D., Kanter, J. W., Newring, R. W., & Kohlenberg, R. J. (2009) · Journal of Contemporary Psychotherapy · doi:10.1007/s10879-009-9116-6 · Cited by 31 · see citing works
Modifying therapeutic homework for patients with personality disorders
Freeman, A., & Rosenfield, B. (2002) · Journal of Clinical Psychology · doi:10.1002/jclp.10029 · Cited by 31 · see citing works
Self-citationMode deactivation therapy (MDT): A theoretical case analysis on a suicidal adolescent.
Apsche, J. A., & Siv, A. M. (2005) · International Journal of Behavioral Consultation and Therapy · doi:10.1037/h0100741 · Cited by 30 · see citing works
The nature and treatment of excessive gambling
England, S. L., & Götestam, K. G. (1991) · Acta Psychiatrica Scandinavica · doi:10.1111/j.1600-0447.1991.tb03113.x · Cited by 30 · see citing works
Techniques for psychotherapy with defiant, aggressive adolescents.
Hanna, F. J., & Hunt, W. P. (1999) · Psychotherapy · doi:10.1037/h0087842 · Cited by 29 · see citing works
Farmer's Lung and Variables Related to the Decision to Quit Farming
Bouchard, S., Morin, F., Bédard, G., Gauthier, J. G., Paradis, J., & Cormier, Y. F. (1995) · American Journal of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine · doi:10.1164/ajrccm.152.3.7663816 · Cited by 29 · see citing works
Behavioral intervention for stress management in sports.
Suinn, R. M. (2005) · International Journal of Stress Management · doi:10.1037/1072-5245.12.4.343 · Cited by 27 · see citing works
A Cognitive Perspective on Hate and Violence.
Beck, A. T., & Pretzer, J. L. (2005) · American Psychological Association eBooks · doi:10.1037/10930-004 · Cited by 27 · see citing works
Self-citationTrevino, K. M., Stern, A., Hershkowitz, R., Kim, S. Y., Li, Y., Lachs, M., & Prigerson, H. G. (2021) · Palliative and Supportive Care · doi:10.1017/s1478951521000286 · Cited by 23 · see citing works
Investigating Life-Stories: Personal Narratives in Pastoral Psychology
Ganzevoort, R. R. (1993) · Journal of Psychology and Theology · doi:10.1177/009164719302100401 · Cited by 26 · see citing works
Emotional Reasoning and Psychopathology
Gangemi, A., Dahò, M., & Mancini, F. (2021) · Brain Sciences · doi:10.3390/brainsci11040471 · Cited by 25 · see citing works
Ugwuanyi, C. S., Okeke, C. I. O., & Agboeze, M. U. (2020) · Journal of Rational-Emotive & Cognitive-Behavior Therapy · doi:10.1007/s10942-020-00371-2 · Cited by 25 · see citing works
The Use of Homework in Cognitive Behavior Therapy: Working with Complex Anxiety and Insomnia
Freeman, A. (2007) · Cognitive and Behavioral Practice · doi:10.1016/j.cbpra.2006.10.005 · Cited by 24 · see citing works
Self-citationJellema, A. (2000) · Clinical Psychology & Psychotherapy · doi:10.1002/(sici)1099-0879(200005)7:2 · Cited by 22 · see citing works
Cognition and the cognitive revolution in psychotherapy: Promises and advances
Dowd, E. T. (2004) · Journal of Clinical Psychology · doi:10.1002/jclp.10253 · Cited by 24 · see citing works
Granvold, D. K. (1996) · Families in Society The Journal of Contemporary Social Services · doi:10.1606/1044-3894.932 · Cited by 26 · see citing works
de Oliveira, J. A., & Vandenberghe, L. (2009) · Journal of Psychotherapy Integration · doi:10.1037/a0017070 · Cited by 23 · see citing works
Freeman, A., & Simon, K. M. (1989) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-1-4757-9779-4_18 · Cited by 23 · see citing works
Self-citationCognitive-Behavioral Treatment of Personality Disorders
Freeman, A., & Jackson, J. T. (1998) · Elsevier eBooks · doi:10.1016/b978-008043437-7/50009-0 · Cited by 21 · see citing works
Self-citationBorderline Personality Disorder: An Overview
Adams, H. E., Bernat, J., & Luscher, K. A. (2002) · Kluwer Academic Publishers eBooks · doi:10.1007/0-306-47377-1_17 · Cited by 37 · see citing works
A cognitive model for emotional regulation in virtual reality exposure
Takac, M., Collett, J., Conduit, R., & Foe, A. D. (2021) · Virtual Reality · doi:10.1007/s10055-021-00531-4 · Cited by 21 · see citing works
Satterfield, J. M. (1998) · Cognitive and Behavioral Practice · doi:10.1016/s1077-7229(98)80021-7 · Cited by 18 · see citing works
Murphy, C. J., & Siv, A. M. (2007) · International Journal of Behavioral Consultation and Therapy · doi:10.1037/h0100809 · Cited by 18 · see citing works
The effect of group cognitive behavioural therapy for insomnia in postmenopausal women
Farsani, H. M., Afshari, P., Sadeghniiat‐Haghighi, K., Jofreh, M. G., Abedi, P., & Haghighizadeh, M. H. (2021) · Journal of Sleep Research · doi:10.1111/jsr.13345 · Cited by 18 · see citing works
Wong, D. F. K., & Sun, S. Y. K. (2007) · Hong Kong journal of psychiatry · Cited by 18 · see citing works
Apsche, J. A., Bass, C. K., & Siv, A. M. (2006) · International Journal of Behavioral Consultation and Therapy · doi:10.1037/h0100777 · Cited by 17 · see citing works
Early Maladaptive Schemas and Core Beliefs in Antisocial Personality Disorder
Özdel, K., Türkçapar, M. H., Güriz, S. O., Hamamcı, Z., Duy, B., Taymur, İ., & Riskind, J. H. (2015) · International Journal of Cognitive Therapy · doi:10.1521/ijct.2015.8.4.306 · Cited by 16 · see citing works
Sugiura, T., & Sugiura, Y. (2015) · Mindfulness · doi:10.1007/s12671-014-0296-0 · Cited by 15 · see citing works
Cognition and The Cancer Experience
Foster, L. W., & McLellan, L. J. (2000) · Cancer Practice · doi:10.1046/j.1523-5394.2000.81004.x · Cited by 15 · see citing works
Relationships among Refraining from Catastrophic Thinking, Worrying, and Metacognitive Beliefs
Sugiura, T., Sugiura, Y., & Tanno, Y. (2013) · Psychological Reports · doi:10.2466/02.09.pr0.113x14z3 · Cited by 15 · see citing works
Le traitement du trouble de la personnalité limite par l’approche centrée sur les schémas
Cousineau, P., & Young, J. E. (2008) · Santé mentale au Québec · doi:10.7202/502096ar · Cited by 14 · see citing works
Cognitive Biases and Suicidal Ideation in Elderly Psychiatric Inpatients
Uncapher, H. (2001) · OMEGA - Journal of Death and Dying · doi:10.2190/6uu8-hk8e-hl0v-q4cu · Cited by 13 · see citing works
Freeman, A., & Christner, R. W. (2006) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/0-306-48581-8_79 · Cited by 14 · see citing works
Self-citationThe Dual Effects of Critical Thinking Disposition on Worry
Sugiura, Y. (2013) · PLoS ONE · doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0079714 · Cited by 13 · see citing works
Sugiura, T., & Sugiura, Y. (2016) · Psychological Reports · doi:10.1177/0033294116663511 · Cited by 13 · see citing works
A Little More About Cognitive Assessment
Glass, C. R. (1993) · Journal of Counseling & Development · doi:10.1002/j.1556-6676.1993.tb02239.x · Cited by 13 · see citing works
Increased relapse of duodenal ulcers in patients treated with cognitive psychotherapy
Wilhelmsen, I., Haug, T. T., Berstad, A., & Ursin, H. (1990) · The Lancet · doi:10.1016/0140-6736(90)91836-y · Cited by 13 · see citing works
Hostility and Personality Disorder
Sinha, B. K., & Watson, D. (2005) · Imagination Cognition and Personality · doi:10.2190/bvqv-t26m-2wq3-fdf5 · Cited by 12 · see citing works
Trevino, K. M., Stern, A., & Prigerson, H. G. (2020) · Journal of Geriatric Oncology · doi:10.1016/j.jgo.2020.03.012 · Cited by 11 · see citing works
The influence of responsibility and guilt on naive hypothesis-testing
Mancini, F., & Gangemi, A. (2004) · Thinking & Reasoning · doi:10.1080/13546780442000060 · Cited by 11 · see citing works
Marsac, M. L., Donlon, K., Smith, A. J., & Hildenbrand, A. K. (2015) · Pediatric Health Medicine and Therapeutics · doi:10.2147/phmt.s68984 · Cited by 10 · see citing works
The Development of Treatment Conceptualizations in Cognitive Therapy
Freeman, A. (1992) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-1-4757-9777-0_2 · Cited by 10 · see citing works
Self-citationMeasuring How We Preach What We Practice: Psychoeducational Change in Depressed Inpatients
Friedberg, R., Viglione, D., Fidaleo, R. A., Celeste, B. L., Lovette, J., Street, G. P., Yerka, E., Bieraugel, M., Dumas, M., & Beal, K. (1998) · Journal of Rational-Emotive & Cognitive-Behavior Therapy · doi:10.1023/a:1024998323708 · Cited by 11 · see citing works
Loera, P. A., & Meichenbaum, D. H. (1993) · American annals of the deaf · doi:10.1353/aad.2012.0732 · Cited by 9 · see citing works
Perspectives on supervision in cognitive therapy
Friedberg, R. D., & Taylor, L. A. (1994) · Journal of Rational-Emotive & Cognitive-Behavior Therapy · doi:10.1007/bf02354593 · Cited by 9 · see citing works
Cognitive behavioral perspectives on the theory and treatment of the narcissistic character.
Freeman, A., & Fox, S. (2012) · American Psychological Association eBooks · doi:10.1037/14041-018 · Cited by 9 · see citing works
Self-citationWhat You Should Know About Behavioral Assessment
Galassi, J. P., & Perot, A. R. (1992) · Journal of Counseling & Development · doi:10.1002/j.1556-6676.1992.tb01673.x · Cited by 9 · see citing works
Liou, K. T., McConnell, K. M., Currier, M. B., Baser, R. E., MacLeod, J., Walker, D. A. H., Casaw, C., Wong, G., Piulson, L., Popkin, K., et al. (2023) · JMIR Research Protocols · doi:10.2196/46281 · Cited by 10 · see citing works
The manifestation of transference during early psychotherapy sessions
Tellides, C., Fitzpatrick, M. R., Drapeau, M., et al. (2008) · Counselling and Psychotherapy Research · doi:10.1080/14733140802014331 · Cited by 8 · see citing works
Current Trends and Future Directions for Virtual Reality Enhanced Psychotherapy
Safir, M. P., & Wallach, H. S. (2011) · Studies in computational intelligence · doi:10.1007/978-3-642-17824-5_3 · Cited by 8 · see citing works
Edwards, D. J. A., & Kannan, S. (2006) · Pragmatic Case Studies in Psychotherapy · doi:10.14713/pcsp.v2i1.866 · Cited by 8 · see citing works
Psychotherapeutic interventions and contemporary developments: common and specific factors
Burbridge-James, W., & Iwanowicz, M. (2018) · BJPsych Advances · doi:10.1192/bja.2017.24 · Cited by 7 · see citing works
Cognitive-Behavioral Theory and Treatment of Antisocial Personality Disorder
Sargın, A. E., Özdel, K., & Türkçapar, M. H. (2017) · InTech eBooks · doi:10.5772/intechopen.68986 · Cited by 7 · see citing works
Is Cognitive Therapy Suitable for Treating Individuals with Personality Dysfunction?
Vallis, M., Howes, J. L., & Standage, K. (2000) · Cognitive Therapy and Research · doi:10.1023/a:1005570213777 · Cited by 7 · see citing works
The Effectiveness of an Acceptance and Commitment Intervention for Work Stress
Schwetschenau, H. M. (2008) · ScholarWorks@BGSU (Bowling Green State University) · Cited by 7 · see citing works
El paciente que padece un trastorno de personalidad en el trabajo
Herrer, M. G., Adán, J. C. M., & Jiménez, B. M. (2010) · Medicina y Seguridad del Trabajo · doi:10.4321/s0465-546x2010000300005 · Cited by 7 · see citing works
Collaborative Therapeutic Homework Model in Occupational Therapy
Luboshitzky, D., & Gaber, L. B. (2000) · Occupational Therapy in Mental Health · doi:10.1300/j004v15n01_03 · Cited by 7 · see citing works
- Authors
- Freeman, A., Pretzer, J., Fleming, B., & Simon, K. M.
- Affiliations
- University of Medicine and Dentistry of New Jersey (US)
- Case Western Reserve University (US)
- University of Pennsylvania (US)
- Venue
- Springer eBooks
- Publisher
- Springer US
- Published
- 1990
- OpenAlex
- W1533503858
- Cited by
- 207
- References
- 0
- Citations by year
- 2024: 1 · 2023: 4 · 2022: 4 · 2021: 7 · 2020: 6 · 2019: 6 · 2018: 3 · 2017: 3 · 2016: 8 · 2015: 7 · 2014: 4 · 2013: 11 · 2012: 5
- FWCI
- 6.88
- Type
- book
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Licence
- www.springer.com/tdm (tdm)
- Locations
- Springer eBooks (publishedVersion)
- Topics
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Clinical Psychology › Psychological Treatments and Assessments
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Experimental and Cognitive Psychology › Anxiety, Depression, Psychometrics, Treatment, Cognitive Processes
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Clinical Psychology › Psychotherapy Techniques and Applications
- Keywords
- cognitive therapy, cognitive behavioral therapy, clinical application, psychotherapy
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.
What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›
Are you an author, or do you see a problem with this page? Request a review