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Cited by 485

The DOI matches its Crossref record; 64 of the 64 references it cites were found in a registry or an index.

Waardenburg Syndrome

Open access
Read, Andrew P.·1998·Principles of Molecular Medicine

Abstract

Auditory-pigmentary syndromes are caused by physical absence of melanocytes from the skin, hair, eyes, or the stria vascularis of the cochlea. Dominantly inherited examples with patchy depigmentation are usually labelled Waardenburg syndrome (WS). Type I WS, characterised by dystopia canthorum, is caused by loss of function mutations in the PAX3 gene. Type III WS (Klein-Waardenburg syndrome, with abnormalities of the arms) is an extreme presentation of type I; some but not all patients are homozygotes. Type IV WS (Shah-Waardenburg syndrome with Hirschsprung disease) can be caused by mutations in the genes for endothelin-3 or one of its receptors, EDNRB. Type II WS is a heterogeneous group, about 15% of whom are heterozygous for mutations in the MITF (microphthalmia associated transcription factor) gene. All these forms show marked variability even within families, and at present it is not possible to predict the severity, even when a mutation is detected. Characterising the genes is helping to unravel important developmental pathways in the neural crest and its derivatives.

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Metadata

Authors
Read, A. P.
Venue
Principles of Molecular Medicine
Publisher
Humana Press
Published
1998
Volume
34
Issue
8
Pages
1015-1019
OpenAlex
W2609006218
Cited by
485
References
64
FWCI
15.99
Type
book chapter
Language
en
Open access
bronze

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CoChat. (2026). Citation check: Waardenburg Syndrome. https://app.cochat.ai/papers/10.1007/978-1-59259-726-0_112
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Read, A. P. (1998). Waardenburg Syndrome. Principles of Molecular Medicine. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-59259-726-0_112

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