Mammalian fatty acid elongases
Open accessAbstract
Very long chain fatty acids confer functional diversity on cells by variations in their chain length and degree of unsaturation. Microsomal fatty acid elongation represents the major pathway for determining the chain length of saturated, monounsaturated, and polyunsaturated fatty acids in cellular lipids. The overall reaction for fatty acid elongation involves four enzymes and utilizes malonyl CoA, NADPH, and fatty acyl CoA as substrates. While the fundamental pathway and its requirements have been known for many years, recent advances have revealed a family of enzymes involved in the first step of the reaction, i.e., the condensation reaction. Seven fatty acid elongase subtypes (Elovl #1-7) have been identified in the mouse, rat, and human genomes. These enzymes determine the rate of overall fatty acid elongation. Moreover, these enzymes also display differential substrate specificity, tissue distribution, and regulation, making them important regulators of cellular lipid composition as well as specific cellular functions. Herein, methods are described to measure elongase activity, analyze elongation products, and alter cellular elongase expression.
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Adrenic acid increases in senescent cells.
“The 22-carbon lipid AdA, a product of AA elongation (Jump, 2009; Ohno et al., 2010) and precursor of dihomo prostaglandins (Sprecher et al., 1982), also increased in senescent cells (Figure 1B).”
From Oxylipin biosynthesis reinforces cellular senescence and allows detection of senolysis (2021) · cites this paper as Jump, 2009
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- Authors
- Jump, D. B.
- Venue
- Methods in molecular biology
- Publisher
- Humana Press
- Published
- 2009
- Volume
- 579
- Pages
- 375-389
- ISSN
- 1064-3745 (ISSN-L)
- 1940-6029
- PMC
- PMC2764369
- OpenAlex
- W1544353721
- Cited by
- 123
- References
- 19
- Citations by year
- 2026: 5 · 2025: 4 · 2024: 5 · 2023: 13 · 2022: 12 · 2021: 16 · 2020: 14 · 2019: 9 · 2018: 10 · 2017: 7 · 2015: 4 · 2014: 5 · 2013: 7 · 2012: 5
- FWCI
- 8.11
- Type
- book chapter
- Language
- en
- Open access
- green
- www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov
- Locations
- Methods in molecular biology (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- PubMed Central (acceptedVersion)
- Funders
- National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases (DK 43220, R01DK043220)
- Topics
- Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Biochemistry › Lipid metabolism and biosynthesis
- Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Cancer Research › Cancer, Lipids, and Metabolism
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Surgery › Cholesterol and Lipid Metabolism
- Keywords
- fatty acid elongase, very long chain fatty acids, malonyl-CoA, fatty acyl-CoA, NADPH, substrate specificity, tissue distribution
- MeSH terms
- Fatty Acid Elongases, Acetyltransferases, Animals, Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid, Male, Mice, Inbred C57BL, Microsomes, Substrate Specificity, Rats, Sprague-Dawley, Lipid Metabolism, Mice, Rats
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