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Measurement of Oxidized/Reduced Glutathione Ratio
Abstract
Glutathione (GSH) is the most abundant antioxidant in aerobic cells, present in micromolar (microM)-concentrations in bodily fluids and in millimolar (mM) concentrations in tissue. GSH is critical for protecting the brain from oxidative stress, acting as a free radical scavenger and inhibitor of lipid peroxidation. GSH also participates in the detoxification of hydrogen peroxide by various glutathione peroxidases. The ratio of reduced GSH to oxidized GSH (GSSG) is an indicator of cellular health, with reduced GSH constituting up to 98% of cellular GSH under normal conditions. However, the GSH/GSSG ratio is reduced in neurodegenerative diseases, such as Parkinson's disease (PD) and Alzheimer's disease (AD). Measuring the GSH/GSSG ratio in pathological tissues and experimental models thereof in comparison to the results in controls is an excellent way to assess potential therapeutics efficacy in maintaining cellular redox potential. The availability of UV/Visible instruments equipped with 96-well plate readers as common laboratory equipment has made measuring the GSH/GSSG ratio on multiple samples a manageable procedure.
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“GSH levels decline under oxidative stress, while GSSG levels increase in their oxidized form. These changes in the concentrations of GSH and GSSG in the blood were also observed when athletes trained hard during physical exercise (102, 103)”
From Junior athletes’ nutritional demands: a narrative review of consumption and prevalence of eating disorders (2024) · cites this paper as [102]
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Cited by
The Glutathione System in Parkinson’s Disease and Its Progression
Bjørklund, G., Peana, M., Maes, M., Dadar, M., & Severin, B. (2021) · Neuroscience & Biobehavioral Reviews · doi:10.1016/j.neubiorev.2020.10.004 · Cited by 186
Cytoplasmic and Mitochondrial NADPH-Coupled Redox Systems in the Regulation of Aging
Bradshaw, P. C. (2019) · Nutrients · doi:10.3390/nu11030504 · Cited by 178
Neumann, U., Derwenskus, F., Flaiz Flister, V., Schmid-Staiger, U., Hirth, T., & Bischoff, S. (2019) · Antioxidants · doi:10.3390/antiox8060183 · Cited by 154
Nakajima, A., Aoyama, Y., Nguyen, T.-T. L., Shin, E.-J., Kim, H.-C., Yamada, S., Nakai, T., Nagai, T., Yokosuka, A., Mimaki, Y., et al. (2013) · Behavioural Brain Research · doi:10.1016/j.bbr.2013.05.025 · Cited by 115
Can paracetamol (acetaminophen) be administered to patients with liver impairment?
Hayward, K. L., Powell, E. E., Irvine, K. M., & Martin, J. H. (2016) · British Journal of Clinical Pharmacology · doi:10.1111/bcp.12802 · Cited by 104
Graham, U. M., Tseng, M. T., Jasinski, J. B., Yokel, R. A., Unrine, J. M., Davis, B. H., Dozier, A. K., Hardas, S. S., Sultana, R., Grulke, E. A., et al. (2014) · ChemPlusChem · doi:10.1002/cplu.201402080 · Cited by 72
Self-citationHaddad, M., Hervé, V., Ben Khedher, M. R., Rabanel, J.-M., & Ramassamy, C. (2021) · Antioxidants & Redox Signaling · doi:10.1089/ars.2020.8129 · Cited by 68
Amawi, A., Khataybeh, B., Al Aqaili, R., Ababneh, N., Alnimer, L., Qoqazeh, A., Oukal, F., Jahrami, H., Mousa Ay, K., Al Saoud, H., et al. (2024) · Frontiers in Nutrition · doi:10.3389/fnut.2024.1390204 · Cited by 26
Spampinato, M., Carota, G., Sferrazzo, G., Fuochi, V., Distefano, A., Ronsisvalle, S., Sipala, F., Giuffrida, R., Furneri, P. M., Di Rosa, M., et al. (2022) · Pharmaceutics · doi:10.3390/pharmaceutics14122845 · Cited by 14
Caudet, J., Trelis, M., Cifre, S., Tapia, G., Soriano, J. M., Rodrigo, R., & Merino-Torres, J. F. (2022) · Antioxidants · doi:10.3390/antiox11112090 · Cited by 6
Metadata
- Authors
- Owen, J. B., & Butterfield, D. A.
- Venue
- Methods in Molecular Biology
- Publisher
- Humana Press
- Published
- 2010
- Volume
- 648
- Pages
- 269-277
- ISSN
- 1064-3745 (ISSN-L)
- 1940-6029
- OpenAlex
- W134833067
- Cited by
- 411
- References
- 0
- FWCI
- 20.36
- Type
- book chapter
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
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Bibliographic data: Semantic Scholar, OpenAlex, Crossref.
Contains information from the Semantic Scholar Academic Graph Datasets, made available under the ODC Attribution License (ODC-BY 1.0).
Semantic Scholar’s data is described in: Kinney, R., et al. (2023). The Semantic Scholar Open Data Platform. arXiv:2301.10140.
