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Do Intestinal Unicellular Parasites Have a Role in the Inflammatory and Redox Status among the Severely Obese?

Caudet, Jana, Trelis, María, Cifre, Susana, Tapia, Gabriela, Soriano, José M., Rodrigo, Regina, Merino-Torres, Juan F.·2022·Antioxidants
DOI 10.3390/antiox11112090PMC PMC9686585
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Abstract

The diagnosis of obesity comprises subjects with totally different phenotypes and metabolic profiles. Systemic inflammation and oxidative stress derived from the white adipose tissue are suggested as the link between this disease and the development of insulin resistance and metabolic comorbidities. The presence of unicellular eukaryotic parasites colonizing the human gut ecosystem is a common circumstance, and yet their influence on the inflammatory and redox status of the obese host has not been assessed. Herein, a set of inflammatory and redox biomarkers were assessed together with a parasitological analysis of 97 severely obese subjects. Information was also collected on insulin resistance and on the antioxidant composition of the diet. The global prevalence of intestinal unicellular parasites was 49.5%, with Blastocystis sp. the most prevalent protozoan found (42.3%). Colonized subjects displayed a higher total antioxidant capacity and a trend towards higher extracellular superoxide dismutase activity, regardless of their insulin resistance status, along with lower reduced glutathione/oxidized glutathione (GSH/GSSG) ratios in plasma in the insulin-resistant subgroup. No changes in malondialdehyde levels, or in inflammatory cytokines in plasma, were found in regard to the colonization status. In conclusion, enteric eukaryotic unicellular parasites may play an important role in modulating the antioxidant defenses of an obese host, thus could have beneficial effects with respect to the development of systemic metabolic disorders.

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Figure 1 Inflammatory biomarkers clustered by type of obesity (A) and by colonization status (B). Mean levels of C-reactive protein (C-RP), ferritin and ceruloplasmin are shown, along with median levels of Il-1β and TNF-α. No statistical differences were found between groups.
Figure 1 Inflammatory biomarkers clustered by type of obesity (A) and by colonization status (B). Mean levels of C-reactive protein (C-RP), ferritin and ceruloplasmin are shown, along with median levels of Il-1β and TNF-α. No statistical differences were found between groups.CC BY · PubMed Central
Figure 2 Inflammatory biomarkers comparing colonized subjects in regard to parasitic species. (A) C-RP (mg/L) levels boxplots. (B) IL-1β (pg/mL) levels boxplots. (C) TNF-α (pg/mL) levels boxplots. (D) ferritin (ng/mL) levels boxplots.
Figure 2 Inflammatory biomarkers comparing colonized subjects in regard to parasitic species. (A) C-RP (mg/L) levels boxplots. (B) IL-1β (pg/mL) levels boxplots. (C) TNF-α (pg/mL) levels boxplots. (D) ferritin (ng/mL) levels boxplots.CC BY · PubMed Central
Figure 3 Some redox biomarkers among colonized subjects in regard to parasitic species. (A) MDA (ng/mL) levels boxplots. (B) TAC (mM) boxplots. (C) SOD-3 (U/mL) levels boxplots. B/DF = Blastocystis sp. and/or D. fragilis positives after excluding subjects co-infected with G. intestinalis.
Figure 3 Some redox biomarkers among colonized subjects in regard to parasitic species. (A) MDA (ng/mL) levels boxplots. (B) TAC (mM) boxplots. (C) SOD-3 (U/mL) levels boxplots. B/DF = Blastocystis sp. and/or D. fragilis positives after excluding subjects co-infected with G. intestinalis.CC BY · PubMed Central

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Metadata

Authors
Caudet, J., Trelis, M., Cifre, S., Tapia, G., Soriano, J. M., Rodrigo, R., & Merino-Torres, J. F.
Venue
Antioxidants
Publisher
MDPI AG
Published
2022-10-23
Volume
11
Issue
11
Pages
2090
ISSN
2076-3921
DOI
10.3390/antiox11112090
PMC
PMC9686585
Cited by
6
References
4
Language
en
Licence
creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ (vor)
Funders
La Fe Health Research Institute (2014/0396, 2015/0359)

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Caudet, J., Trelis, M., Cifre, S., Tapia, G., Soriano, J. M., Rodrigo, R., & Merino-Torres, J. F. (2022). Do Intestinal Unicellular Parasites Have a Role in the Inflammatory and Redox Status among the Severely Obese? Antioxidants. https://doi.org/10.3390/antiox11112090