Digital Twins for Cyber-Physical Systems Security: State of the Art and Outlook
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The behavior-specification-based IDS technique described by [45] yields a low false-negative rate and can detect some attacks that were unknown at the time the legitimate behavior was defined.
“This technique yields a low false-negative rate and can detect some attacks that were unknown at the time the legitimate behavior was defined.”
From A Review of Cybersecurity Guidelines for Manufacturing Factories in Industry 4.0 (2021) · cites this paper as [45]
[45] presented a passive state replication approach which aimed to replicate a state from a physical device to a digital twin.
“[45] presented a passive state replication approach which aimed to replicate a state from a physical device to a digital twin.”
From A Review of Cybersecurity Guidelines for Manufacturing Factories in Industry 4.0 (2021) · cites this paper as [45]
Digital twins were recognized as a top strategic technology trend in 2019 by Gartner [45].
“Digital twins was recognized as a top strategic technology trend in 2019 by Gartner [45].”
From A Review of Cybersecurity Guidelines for Manufacturing Factories in Industry 4.0 (2021) · cites this paper as [45]
Cites
Digital Twin: Mitigating Unpredictable, Undesirable Emergent Behavior in Complex Systems
Grieves, M., & Vickers, J. (2017) · Transdisciplinary Perspectives on Complex Systems · doi:10.1007/978-3-319-38756-7_4 · Cited by 3,727 · see citing works
Digital Twin in manufacturing: A categorical literature review and classification
Kritzinger, W., Karner, M., Traar, G., Henjes, J., & Sihn, W. (2018) · IFAC-PapersOnLine · doi:10.1016/j.ifacol.2018.08.474 · Cited by 3,612 · cited 7× · see citing works
“Consequently, Kritzinger et al. (2018) proposed a classification of the digital-twin concept based on how the data exchange between the virtual replica and its physical counterpart is realized.”
BackgroundMethodInfluentialThe Digital Twin Paradigm for Future NASA and U.S. Air Force Vehicles
Glaessgen, E., & Stargel, D. (2012) · 53rd AIAA/ASME/ASCE/AHS/ASC Structures, Structural Dynamics and Materials Conference<BR>20th AIAA/ASME/AHS Adaptive Structures Conference<BR>14th AIAA · doi:10.2514/6.2012-1818 · Cited by 2,404 · see citing works
About The Importance of Autonomy and Digital Twins for the Future of Manufacturing
Rosen, R., von Wichert, G., Lo, G., & Bettenhausen, K. D. (2015) · IFAC-PapersOnLine · doi:10.1016/j.ifacol.2015.06.141 · Cited by 1,474 · cited 6× · see citing works
“According to Rosen et al. (2015), the concept of digital twins has its origins in NASA’s Apollo program, as a twin of a spacecraft was built for two purposes, viz., (i) training before the mission and (ii) supporting the mission by mirroring flight conditions based on data coming from the spacecraft…”
BackgroundMethodInfluentialDigital Twin—The Simulation Aspect
Boschert, S., & Rosen, R. (2016) · Mechatronic Futures · doi:10.1007/978-3-319-32156-1_5 · Cited by 1,158 · see citing works
Reengineering aircraft structural life prediction using a digital twin
Tuegel, E. J., Ingraffea, A. R., Eason, T. G., & Spottswood, S. M. (2011) · International Journal of Aerospace Engineering · doi:10.1155/2011/154798 · Cited by 1,119 · see citing works
Haag, S., & Anderl, R. (2018) · Manufacturing Letters · doi:10.1016/j.mfglet.2018.02.006 · Cited by 559 · see citing works
A survey of physics-based attack detection in cyber-physical systems
Giraldo, J., Urbina, D., Cardenas, A., Valente, J., Faisal, M., Ruths, J., Tippenhauer, N. O., Sandberg, H., & Candell, R. (2019) · ACM Computing Surveys · doi:10.1145/3203245 · Cited by 535 · see citing works
A survey of cyber security management in industrial control systems
Knowles, W., Prince, D., Hutchison, D., Disso, J. F. P., & Jones, K. (2015) · International Journal of Critical Infrastructure Protection · doi:10.1016/j.ijcip.2015.02.002 · Cited by 344 · see citing works
Challenges with Structural Life Forecasting Using Realistic Mission Profiles
Gockel, B., Tudor, A., Brandyberry, M., Penmetsa, R., & Tuegel, E. (2012) · 53rd AIAA/ASME/ASCE/AHS/ASC Structures, Structural Dynamics and Materials Conference<BR>20th AIAA/ASME/AHS Adaptive Structures Conference<BR>14th AIAA · doi:10.2514/6.2012-1813 · Cited by 91 · see citing works
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A Review of Cybersecurity Guidelines for Manufacturing Factories in Industry 4.0
Mullet, V., Sondi, P., & Ramat, E. (2021) · IEEE Access · doi:10.1109/access.2021.3056650 · Cited by 161 · see citing works
“Indeed, [45] presented a passive state replication approach which aimed to replicate a state from a physical device to a digital twin.”
BackgroundInfluentialInsider threat detection in cyber-physical systems: a systematic literature review
Al-Mhiqani, M. N., Alsboui, T., Al-Shehari, T., Abdulkareem, K. H., Ahmad, R., & Mohammed, M. A. (2024) · Computers and Electrical Engineering · doi:10.1016/j.compeleceng.2024.109489 · Cited by 53 · see citing works
KDDT: Knowledge Distillation-Empowered Digital Twin for Anomaly Detection
Xu, Q., Ali, S., Yue, T., Nedim, Z., & Singh, I. (2023) · Proceedings of the 31st ACM Joint European Software Engineering Conference and Symposium on the Foundations of Software Engineering · doi:10.1145/3611643.3613879 · Cited by 11 · see citing works
PLC-MDT: A Framework for Detecting Anomalies with Digital Twins of Industrial Control Systems
Xu, Z., Zhang, Z., & Zheqiu, H. (2025) · IEEE Sensors Journal · doi:10.1109/jsen.2025.3555889 · Cited by 6 · see citing works
Mohamed, A. S., Fritz, C., Saber, A. M., Ma, Y., Kaur, R., Al-Darwbi, M., Friedrich, D., & Kundur, D. (2026) · arXiv · doi:10.48550/arxiv.2609.00171
“The combination of honeypots and digital twins [207], [214] offers a powerful framework for enhancing both data fidelity and attack realism.”
- Authors
- Eckhart, M., & Ekelhart, A.
- Affiliations
- TU Wien (AT)
- Corresponding author
- Eckhart, Matthias
- Venue
- Security and Quality in Cyber-Physical Systems Engineering
- Publisher
- Springer International Publishing
- Published
- 2019
- Pages
- 383-412
- OpenAlex
- W2985576076
- Cited by
- 158
- References
- 10
- Citations by year
- 2026: 22 · 2025: 33 · 2024: 35 · 2023: 23 · 2022: 26 · 2021: 13 · 2020: 4 · 2019: 2
- FWCI
- 25.34
- Type
- book chapter
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Licence
- www.springer.com/tdm (tdm)
- Locations
- Springer eBooks (publishedVersion)
- Topics
- Physical Sciences › Engineering › Industrial and Manufacturing Engineering › Digital Transformation in Industry
- Physical Sciences › Engineering › Control and Systems Engineering › Smart Grid Security and Resilience
- Physical Sciences › Engineering › Industrial and Manufacturing Engineering › Applied Advanced Technologies
- Keywords
- digital twin, cyber-physical security, smart factory, security testing, intrusion detection, systems engineering, information security, manufacturing security
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