Digital Twin: Mitigating Unpredictable, Undesirable Emergent Behavior in Complex Systems
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Grieves and Vickers identified two subtypes of DT: Digital Twin Prototype (DTP) and Digital Twin Instance (DTI).
“Grieves and Vickers [35] have identified two subtypes of DT, namely: Digital Twin Prototype (DTP) and Digital Twin Instance (DTI).”
From Digital Twins in the IIoT: Current Practices and Future Directions Toward Industry 5.0 (2025) · cites this paper as [35]
DT enables predictive maintenance in smart factories.
“predictive maintenance [35]”
From Digital Twins in the IIoT: Current Practices and Future Directions Toward Industry 5.0 (2025) · cites this paper as [35]
The authors of [35] proposed the term Digital Twin Aggregate (DTA) to describe a group of DTIs.
“The authors of [35] proposed the term”
From Digital Twins in the IIoT: Current Practices and Future Directions Toward Industry 5.0 (2025) · cites this paper as [35]
After completion of a physical system, data obtained from physical spaces is sent to virtual space and reciprocally used to oversee and anticipate the system's performance.
“After the completion of a physical system, data obtained from the physical spaces is sent to the virtual space and reciprocally, used to oversee and anticipate the system's performance [35].”
From Digital Twins in the IIoT: Current Practices and Future Directions Toward Industry 5.0 (2025) · cites this paper as [35]
A Digital Twin consists of three primary components: the physical system, the virtual system, and the service system, along with Digital Twin Data that continuously connect these elements.
“A Digital Twin consists of three primary components: the physical system, the virtual system, and the service system, along with Digital Twin Data that continuously connect these elements [4,100].”
From Analysis of Digital Twin Applications in Energy Efficiency: A Systematic Review (2025) · cites this paper as [4]
Grieves' definition of Digital Twin does not apply to systems that show Evolutionary Emergence, i.e., systems that exhibit a deliberate capability to learn and modify their behavior in order to adapt to changing conditions.
“It is important to note that Grieves' definition of Digital Twin [6] does not apply to systems that show an Evolutionary Emergence, i.e., systems that exhibit a deliberate capability to learn and modify their behavior in order to adapt to changing conditions.”
From Digital Twin in the IoT Context: A Survey on Technical Features, Scenarios, and Architectural Models (2020) · cites this paper as [6]
If a user cannot distinguish a virtual product from a physical one, under appropriate simulation conditions, then a virtual representation of the physical object could be considered a Digital Twin.
“If a user cannot distinguish a virtual product from a physical one, under appropriate simulation conditions, then a virtual representation of the physical object could be considered a Digital Twin [6].”
From Digital Twin in the IoT Context: A Survey on Technical Features, Scenarios, and Architectural Models (2020) · cites this paper as [6]
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Digital Twin in manufacturing: A categorical literature review and classification
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Characterising the Digital Twin: A systematic literature review
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“In a later paper [34], Grieves further aligned the Digital Twin to the product life-cycle through the expansion of the concept via the introduction of the Digital Twin Prototype, Digital Twin Instance, Digital Twin Aggregate, and Digital Twin Environment (defined in Table 1).”
BackgroundMethodReview of digital twin about concepts, technologies, and industrial applications
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A Review of the Roles of Digital Twin in CPS-based Production Systems
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“[37], [38].”
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Shaping the digital twin for design and production engineering
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“The original slide containing the proposed concept was reproduced by Grieves and Vickers in [4] and it can be noted that the early architecture of what would later become the DT consisted of three main components: • the real space , • the virtual space , • the link serving as a communication medium…”
MethodDigital twin: origin to future
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Digital twin paradigm: A systematic literature review
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“As the concept was emerging out of the field of Product life cycle management (PLM), (Grieves and Vickers, 2017) referred to the connection between real space and virtual space over all phases of the product life cycle presenting all the elements of the Digital Twin: real space, virtual space, the…”
BackgroundInfluentialDigital Twin: Generalization, characterization and implementation
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Digital Twin in the IoT Context: A Survey on Technical Features, Scenarios, and Architectural Models
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“A simplified view of the PLM takes into consideration the creation/design phase in which the product is conceived and designed; the production phase during which the product is actually manufactured and realized; the operations phase during which the product is operated and actually used; and the disposal phase when t…”
BackgroundInfluentialDigital Twin for maintenance: A literature review
Errandonea, I., Beltrán, S., & Arrizabalaga, S. (2020) · Computers in Industry · doi:10.1016/j.compind.2020.103316 · Cited by 819 · see citing works
A Novel Cloud-Based Framework for the Elderly Healthcare Services Using Digital Twin
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Digital twin: benefits, use cases, challenges, and opportunities
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“In 2011, in the book “ Virtually perfect: driving innovative and lean products through product lifecycle management ” [23], Grieves quoted his co-author Vickers ’ s way of describing this model — digital twin — and this comes to be in use today [24].”
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“…the physical and virtual spaces (Tao et al., 2018), guaranteeing information continuity through the system lifecycle (Haag and Anderl, 2018), system development and validation through simulation (Boschert and Rosen, 2016), and preventing undesirable system states (Grieves and Vickers, 2017).”
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An application framework of digital twin and its case study
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“At its optimum, any information that could be inspected from a physical manufactured product can be obtained from its DT (Grieves and Vickers 2017).”
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“Real-time monitoring of all sub-components and joint holistic analytics on such huge models can be beneficial (this goes along the obstacle of ’siloing’ presented in [29], where due to multiple sub-domains in the system, information remains fragmented).”
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A digital twin smart city for citizen feedback
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A Digital-Twin-Assisted Fault Diagnosis Using Deep Transfer Learning
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“[16] M. Grieves and J. Vickers, ‘‘Digital twin: Mitigating unpredictable, undesirable emergent behavior in complex systems,’’ in Transdisciplinary Perspectives on Complex Systems (New Findings and Approaches).”
BackgroundDigital twin and its implementations in the civil engineering sector
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City Digital Twin Potentials: A Review and Research Agenda
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“The digital twin concept refers to developing a mirrored digital counterpart to a physical system and linking their information throughout the physical counterpart’s life cycle [10].”
BackgroundDigital twin-driven manufacturing cyber-physical system for parallel controlling of smart workshop
Leng, J., Zhang, H., Yan, D., Liu, Q., Chen, X., & Zhang, D. (2019) · Journal of Ambient Intelligence and Humanized Computing · doi:10.1007/s12652-018-0881-5 · Cited by 475 · see citing works
“With the advent of CPS, the Digital Twin (Boschert and Rosen 2016; Brenner and Hummel 2017; Ferguson et al. 2017; Grieves 2014; Grieves and Vickers 2017) appears as a practical solution to the manufacturing CPS vision.”
MethodZhang, H., Liu, Q., Chen, X., Zhang, D., & Leng, J. (2017) · IEEE Access · doi:10.1109/access.2017.2766453 · Cited by 471 · see citing works
“The Digital Twin was proposed and adopted by NASA for monitoring and optimization on safety and reliability optimizations of spacecraft [10], [24]–[27].”
MethodKnowledge-driven digital twin manufacturing cell towards intelligent manufacturing
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“Digital twin concept was first proposed by Grieves in 2003 (Grieves and Vickers 2017), and was initially defined as a 3D model that contains information about the physical product, digital product and connections between them.”
MethodThe Roadmap to 6G Security and Privacy
Porambage, P., Gür, G., Osorio, D. P. M., Liyanage, M., Gurtov, A., & Ylianttila, M. (2021) · IEEE Open Journal of the Communications Society · doi:10.1109/ojcoms.2021.3078081 · Cited by 422 · see citing works
“A digital twin is defined as a digital or virtual copy of a physical object, an asset or a product [70], [71].”
BackgroundA survey on AI-driven digital twins in Industry 4.0: smart manufacturing and advanced robotics
Huang, Z., Shen, Y., Li, J., Fey, M., & Brecher, C. (2021) · Sensors · doi:10.3390/s21196340 · Cited by 418 · see citing works
“Later, DT was indicated by Grieves and Vickers as a dynamic model based on massive amounts of information and computing capability that change over the lifecycle, including creation, production, operations and disposal [17].”
MethodDeep learning in drug discovery: an integrative review and future challenges
Askr, H., Elgeldawi, E., Aboul-Ella, H., Elshaier, Y., Gomaa, M. M., & Hassanien, A. (2022) · Artificial Intelligence Review · doi:10.1007/s10462-022-10306-1 · Cited by 328 · see citing works
“1 3 the original meaning of a DT in 2002 at the University of Michigan as part of an industry presentation on product lifecycle management (PLM) (Grieves 2014; Grieves and Vickers 2017; Stark et al. 2019).”
BackgroundDigital twin-driven rapid individualised designing of automated flow-shop manufacturing system
Liu, Q., Zhang, H., Leng, J., & Chen, X. (2019) · International Journal of Production Research · doi:10.1080/00207543.2018.1471243 · Cited by 370 · see citing works
“…the DT (Digital Twin), which was fi rstly adopted in spacecraft design by NASA (Boschert and Rosen 2016; Brenner and Hummel 2017; Ferguson, Bennett, and Ivashchenko 2017; Grieves 2014; Grieves and Vickers 2017), can be viewed as a combination of mod-elling-based method and optimisation-based method.”
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“The DT aggregate/environment (DTD/E) refers to multi-domain applications for employing the DT to meet various needs [82].”
BackgroundApplications of Digital Twin across Industries: A Review
Singh, M., Srivastava, R., Fuenmayor, E. A., Kuts, V., Qiao, Y., Murray, N., & Devine, D. M. (2022) · Applied Sciences · doi:10.3390/app12115727 · Cited by 376 · see citing works
“Thus, the information which could improve the next generation product/system is often lost when the product is retired [67].”
On the Integration of Agents and Digital Twins in Healthcare
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Digital Twin: A Comprehensive Survey of Security Threats
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“Withregard to the communication space, Grieves stresses in [4] and [5] the importance of bidirectional interfaces in the DT; i.e., data from physical assets are processed by digital assets, while the latter create new useful information that may be sent back to the physical space.”
BackgroundWagg, D. J., Worden, K., Barthorpe, R., & Gardner, P. (2020) · ASCE-ASME J Risk and Uncert in Engrg Sys Part B Mech Engrg · doi:10.1115/1.4046739 · Cited by 321 · see citing works
Overview of predictive maintenance based on digital twin technology
Dong, Z., Xia, Z., Zhu, Y., & Duan, J. (2023) · Heliyon · doi:10.1016/j.heliyon.2023.e14534 · Cited by 389 · see citing works
“As an evolution of PLM, Greives and Vickers redefined it in 2012 [9], defining it as the digital representation of physical assets and the automatic connection connecting them together.”
Digital twin for smart manufacturing, A review
Soori, M., Behrooz Arezoo, B., & Dastres, R. (2023) · Sustainable Manufacturing and Service Economics · doi:10.1016/j.smse.2023.100017 · Cited by 411 · see citing works
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“A few years later, Grieves clarified that he was referring to a set of data that thoroughly characterizes an asset, from its most basic geometry to its most specific function [37].”
BackgroundDigital twin for CNC machine tool: modeling and using strategy
Luo, W., Hu, T., Zhang, C., & Wei, Y. (2019) · Journal of Ambient Intelligence and Humanized Computing · doi:10.1007/s12652-018-0946-5 · Cited by 350 · see citing works
Human-centric artificial intelligence architecture for industry 5.0 applications
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“…computing, and artificial intelligence, among others), and paradigms (e.g., Cyber-Physical Systems (Lee (2006); Rajkumar et al. (2010); Xu and Duan (2019)), and Digital Twins (Grieves (2015); Grieves and Vickers (2017); Tao and Zhang (2017))), to enable innovative manufacturing functionalities.”
Zafar, M. H., Langås, E. F., & Sanfilippo, F. (2024) · Robotics and Computer-Integrated Manufacturing · doi:10.1016/j.rcim.2024.102769 · Cited by 338 · see citing works
Digital Twins in Agriculture: A State-of-the-art review
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Digital twin modeling method based on biomimicry for machining aerospace components
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Toward the Next Generation of Digitalization in Agriculture Based on Digital Twin Paradigm
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“The digital twin was firstly presented by NASA for monitoring of spacecraft behavior and can be defined as a virtual or digital representation of physical systems to simulate the behavior of the physical system [21,22].”
MethodPerno, M., Hvam, L., & Haug, A. (2021) · Computers in Industry · doi:10.1016/j.compind.2021.103558 · Cited by 328 · see citing works
Recent advances on industrial data-driven energy savings: Digital twins and infrastructures
Teng, S. Y., Touš, M., Leong, W. D., How, B. S., Lam, H. L., & Máša, V. (2020) · Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews · doi:10.1016/j.rser.2020.110208 · Cited by 315 · see citing works
Zhu, L., Chen, X., Ouyang, B., Yan, W., Lei, H., Chen, Z., & Luo, Z. (2022) · Industrial & Engineering Chemistry Research · doi:10.1021/acs.iecr.2c01036 · Cited by 303 · see citing works
Digital Twin in Aerospace Industry: A Gentle Introduction
Li, L., Aslam, S., Wileman, A., & Perinpanayagam, S. (2021) · IEEE Access · doi:10.1109/access.2021.3136458 · Cited by 316 · see citing works
A Survey on Digital Twin for Industrial Internet of Things: Applications, Technologies and Tools
Xu, H., Wu, J., Pan, Q., Guan, X., & Guizani, M. (2023) · IEEE Communications Surveys & Tutorials · doi:10.1109/comst.2023.3297395 · Cited by 304 · see citing works
Framework for a digital twin in manufacturing: Scope and requirements
Shao, G., & Helu, M. (2020) · Manufacturing Letters · doi:10.1016/j.mfglet.2020.04.004 · Cited by 292 · see citing works
Berger, K., Machwitz, M., Kycko, M., Kefauver, S. C., Wittenberghe, S. V., Gerhards, M., Verrelst, J., Atzberger, C., van der Tol, C., Damm, A., et al. (2022) · Remote Sensing of Environment · doi:10.1016/j.rse.2022.113198 · Cited by 292 · see citing works
Digital twins for collaborative robots: A case study in human-robot interaction
Malik, A. A., & Brem, A. (2020) · Robotics and Computer-Integrated Manufacturing · doi:10.1016/j.rcim.2020.102092 · Cited by 299 · see citing works
“Complex systems have a property of surprise, as in ‘I didn’t see that coming’, and such a surprise can even be fatal (Grieves & Vickers 2017a).”
BackgroundDigital Twins in Pharmaceutical and Biopharmaceutical Manufacturing: A Literature Review
Chen, Y., Yang, O., Sampat, C., Bhalode, P., Ramachnadran, R., & Ierapetritou, M. (2020) · Processes · doi:10.3390/pr8091088 · Cited by 295 · see citing works
“As described by Grieves, the DT is a digital informational construct of a physical system, created as an entity on its own and linked with the physical system [24].”
BackgroundDigital twin in manufacturing: conceptual framework and case studies
Onaji, I., Tiwari, D., Soulatiantork, P., Song, B., & Tiwari, A. (2022) · International Journal of Computer Integrated Manufacturing · doi:10.1080/0951192x.2022.2027014 · Cited by 298 · see citing works
“Existing digital twin frameworks in literature do not consider the modelling of the interaction between the product and its production processes (Grieves and Vickers 2016; Tao et al. 2018; Zhang et al. 2019a:2019b).”
BackgroundInfluentialAgent-Based Modeling in Economics and Finance: Past, Present, and Future
Axtell, R. L., & Farmer, J. D. (2025) · Journal of Economic Literature · doi:10.1257/jel.20221319 · Cited by 244 · see citing works
Data-Driven Aerospace Engineering: Reframing the Industry with Machine Learning
Brunton, S. L., Nathan Kutz, J., Manohar, K., Aravkin, A. Y., Morgansen, K., Klemisch, J., Goebel, N., Buttrick, J., Poskin, J., Blom-Schieber, A. W., et al. (2021) · AIAA Journal · doi:10.2514/1.j060131 · Cited by 270 · see citing works
Virtually Intelligent Product Systems: Digital and Physical Twins
Grieves, M. W. (2019) · Complex Systems Engineering: Theory and Practice · doi:10.2514/5.9781624105654.0175.0200 · Cited by 356 · see citing works
“Using Grieves and Vickers Categories of Systems Behavior model (Grieves & Vickers, 2016), (Figure 4), we can predict that Physical Twins, i.e., SCPS, increase system complexity.”
MethodSelf-citationDelgado, J. M. D., & Oyedele, L. O. (2021) · Advanced Engineering Informatics · doi:10.1016/j.aei.2021.101332 · Cited by 272 · see citing works
Colloquium : Machine learning in nuclear physics
Boehnlein, A., Diefenthaler, M., Sato, N., Schram, M., Ziegler, V., Fanelli, C., Hjorth-Jensen, M., Horn, T., Kuchera, M., Lee, D., et al. (2022) · Reviews of Modern Physics · doi:10.1103/revmodphys.94.031003 · Cited by 263 · see citing works
“Due to their complexity and evolving conditions, it is natural to explore modern data science techniques to provide surrogate models and/or a fully realized digital twin (Fuller et al. , 2020; Grieves and Vickers, 2017).”
BackgroundYi, Y., Yan, Y., Liu, X., Ni, Z., Feng, J., & Liu, J. (2020) · Journal of Manufacturing Systems · doi:10.1016/j.jmsy.2020.04.013 · Cited by 253 · see citing works
The adoption of urban digital twins
Ferré-Bigorra, J., Casals, M., & Gangolells, M. (2022) · Cities · doi:10.1016/j.cities.2022.103905 · Cited by 254 · see citing works
Smart Cities with Digital Twin Systems for Disaster Management
Ford, D. N., & Wolf, C. M. (2020) · Journal of Management in Engineering · doi:10.1061/(asce)me.1943-5479.0000779 · Cited by 249 · see citing works
“He suggested four types: pro-totypes, instances, aggregations of twins of subsystems, and twins that integrate with their environments (Grieves and Vickers 2017).”
Waveguide-based augmented reality displays: perspectives and challenges
Ding, Y., Yang, Q., Li, Y., et al. (2023) · eLight · doi:10.1186/s43593-023-00057-z · Cited by 245 · see citing works
“…real-world scenes, AR enhances our perception and interaction with the environment, opening exciting possibilities for metaverse [5], digital twins [6] and spatial computing [7] that have found widespread applications in smart education and training, smart healthcare, navigation and wayfinding,…”
BackgroundTorkamani, A., Andersen, K. G., Steinhubl, S. R., & Topol, E. J. (2017) · Cell · doi:10.1016/j.cell.2017.08.007 · Cited by 245 · see citing works
A Socio-Technical Perspective on Urban Analytics: The Case of City-Scale Digital Twins
Nochta, T., Wan, L., Schooling, J. M., & Parlikad, A. K. (2020) · Journal of Urban Technology · doi:10.1080/10630732.2020.1798177 · Cited by 246 · see citing works
“The term “ digital twin ” was coined more recently, in the context of Product Lifecycle Management in manufacturing (Grieves and Vickers, 2017).”
BackgroundA digital twin-driven approach for the assembly-commissioning of high precision products
Sun, X., Bao, J., Li, J., Zhang, Y., Liu, S., & Zhou, B. (2019) · Robotics and Computer-Integrated Manufacturing · doi:10.1016/j.rcim.2019.101839 · Cited by 235 · see citing works
Keshvarparast, A., Battini, D., Battaïa, O., & Pirayesh, A. (2023) · Journal of Intelligent Manufacturing · doi:10.1007/s10845-023-02137-w · Cited by 256 · see citing works
Microgrid Digital Twins: Concepts, Applications, and Future Trends
Bazmohammadi, N., Madary, A., Vasquez, J. C., Mohammadi, H. B., Khan, B., Wu, Y., & Guerrero, J. M. (2022) · IEEE Access · doi:10.1109/access.2021.3138990 · Cited by 233 · see citing works
Pregnolato, M., Gunner, S., Voyagaki, E., De Risi, R., Carhart, N., Gavriel, G., Tully, P., Tryfonas, T., Macdonald, J., & Taylor, C. (2022) · Automation in Construction · doi:10.1016/j.autcon.2022.104421 · Cited by 253 · see citing works
Scaling digital twins from the artisanal to the industrial
Niederer, S., Sacks, M. S., Girolami, M., & Willcox, K. E. (2021) · Nature Computational Science · doi:10.1038/s43588-021-00072-5 · Cited by 231 · see citing works
A Requirements Driven Digital Twin Framework: Specification and Opportunities
Moyne, J. R., Qamsane, Y., Balta, E. C., Kovalenko, I., Faris, J., Barton, K. L., & Tilbury, D. M. (2020) · IEEE Access · doi:10.1109/access.2020.3000437 · Cited by 230 · see citing works
Systematic review of digital twin technology and applications
Yao, J.-F., Yang, Y., Wang, X.-C., & Zhang, X.-P. (2023) · Visual Computing for Industry, Biomedicine, and Art · doi:10.1186/s42492-023-00137-4 · Cited by 201 · see citing works
“Grieves and Vickers [7] argued that a DT requires not only virtual mapping of products at the macro-geometric level but also all the information about actual manufactured products at the micro-atomic level.”
BackgroundInfluentialBibri, S. E. (2022) · Smart Cities · doi:10.3390/smartcities5030043 · Cited by 234 · see citing works
Potential and limitations of digital twins to achieve the Sustainable Development Goals
Tzachor, A., Sabri, S., Richards, C. E., Rajabifard, A., & Acuto, M. (2022) · Nature Sustainability · doi:10.1038/s41893-022-00923-7 · Cited by 224 · see citing works
Exploring the role of digital twin for asset lifecycle management
Macchi, M., Roda, I., Negri, E., & Fumagalli, L. (2018) · IFAC-PapersOnLine · doi:10.1016/j.ifacol.2018.08.415 · Cited by 216 · see citing works
Digital twin: a state-of-the-art review of its enabling technologies, applications and challenges
Hu, W., Zhang, T., Deng, X., Liu, Z., & Tan, J. (2021) · Journal of Intelligent Manufacturing and Special Equipment · doi:10.1108/jimse-12-2020-010 · Cited by 228 · see citing works
Artificial intelligence in digital twins—A systematic literature review
Kreuzer, T., Papapetrou, P., & Zdravković, J. (2024) · Data & Knowledge Engineering · doi:10.1016/j.datak.2024.102304 · Cited by 240 · see citing works
Real-time machining data application and service based on IMT digital twin
Tong, X., Liu, Q., Pi, S., & Xiao, Y. (2019) · Journal of Intelligent Manufacturing · doi:10.1007/s10845-019-01500-0 · Cited by 192 · see citing works
A Methodology for Digital Twin Modeling and Deployment for Industry 4.0
Schroeder, G. N., Steinmetz, C., Rodrigues, R. N., Henriques, R. V. B., Rettberg, A., & Pereira, C. E. (2021) · Proceedings of the IEEE · doi:10.1109/jproc.2020.3032444 · Cited by 213 · see citing works
“7) Simulation: Many studies discuss the importance of using the DT for simulation, as in [15] and [32]–[34].”
BackgroundDigital Twin in Industry 4.0: Technologies, Applications and Challenges
Pires, F., Cachada, A., Barbosa, J., Moreira, A., & Leitão, P. (2019) · International Conference on Industrial Informatics · doi:10.1109/indin41052.2019.8972134 · Cited by 157 · see citing works
“Also, according to [26], organisations present themselves fragmented views into various sections, such as design, engineering and manufacturing, and every section has its own information about the different systems and”
BackgroundThe concept of digital twin and digital shadow in manufacturing
Bergs, T., Gierlings, S., Auerbach, T., Klink, A., Schraknepper, D., & Augspurger, T. (2021) · Procedia CIRP · doi:10.1016/j.procir.2021.02.010 · Cited by 212 · see citing works
Digital Twins in Livestock Farming
Neethirajan, S. R., & Kemp, B. (2021) · Animals · doi:10.3390/ani11041008 · Cited by 226 · see citing works
Big data, machine learning, and digital twin assisted additive manufacturing: A review
Jin, L., Zhai, X., Wang, K., Zhang, K., Wu, D., Nazir, A., Jiang, J., & Liao, W. (2024) · Materials & Design · doi:10.1016/j.matdes.2024.113086 · Cited by 220 · see citing works
Design and implementation of a smart infrastructure digital twin
Broo, D. G., Bravo-Haro, M., & Schooling, J. M. (2022) · Automation in Construction · doi:10.1016/j.autcon.2022.104171 · Cited by 217 · see citing works
Perspectives on the future of manufacturing within the Industry 4.0 era
Hughes, L., Dwivedi, Y. K., Rana, N. P., Williams, M. D., & Raghavan, V. (2020) · Production Planning & Control · doi:10.1080/09537287.2020.1810762 · Cited by 214 · see citing works
The advance of digital twin for predictive maintenance: The role and function of machine learning
Chen, C., Fu, H., Zheng, Y., Tao, F., & Liu, Y. (2023) · Journal of Manufacturing Systems · doi:10.1016/j.jmsy.2023.10.010 · Cited by 233 · see citing works
“The concept of DT was initially proposed by Michael Grieves and has since then become a widely used term [4].”
BackgroundArowoiya, V., Moehler, R., & Fang, Y.-H. (2023) · Energy and Built Environment · doi:10.1016/j.enbenv.2023.05.004 · Cited by 173 · see citing works
The Digital Twin in Medicine: A Key to the Future of Healthcare?
Sun, T., He, X., Song, X., Shu, L., & Li, Z. (2022) · Frontiers in Medicine · doi:10.3389/fmed.2022.907066 · Cited by 213 · see citing works
Digital twin–driven aero-engine intelligent predictive maintenance
Xiong, M., Wang, H., Fu, Q., & Xu, Y. M. (2021) · The International Journal of Advanced Manufacturing Technology · doi:10.1007/s00170-021-06976-w · Cited by 196 · see citing works
- Authors
- Grieves, M., & Vickers, J.
- Affiliations
- Florida Institute of Technology (US)
- Marshall Space Flight Center (US)
- Corresponding author
- Grieves, Michael
- Venue
- Transdisciplinary Perspectives on Complex Systems
- Publisher
- Springer International Publishing
- Published
- 2016-08-17
- Pages
- 85-113
- OpenAlex
- W2518003110
- Semantic Scholar
- 157d07292ffadb2c17d100f5b0471b356868ab3e
- Cited by
- 3,727
- References
- 32
- Citations by year
- 2026: 697 · 2025: 743 · 2024: 619 · 2023: 580 · 2022: 431 · 2021: 296 · 2020: 187 · 2019: 113 · 2018: 47 · 2017: 12 · 2016: 2
- FWCI
- 138.63
- Type
- book chapter
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Locations
- Springer eBooks (publishedVersion)
- Topics
- Physical Sciences › Engineering › Control and Systems Engineering › Systems Engineering Methodologies and Applications
- Physical Sciences › Engineering › Industrial and Manufacturing Engineering › Digital Transformation in Industry
- Social Sciences › Decision Sciences › Management Science and Operations Research › Complex Systems and Decision Making
- Keywords
- digital twin, emergent behavior, complex systems, product life cycle, systems engineering, normal accidents, human interaction, front-running, NASA
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