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The Brain’s Reward System in Health and Disease
Open accessAbstract
Rhythmic gene expression is found throughout the central nervous system. This harmonized regulation can be dependent on- and independent of- the master regulator of biological clocks, the suprachiasmatic nucleus (SCN). Substantial oscillatory activity in the brain's reward system is regulated by dopamine. While light serves as a primary time-giver (zeitgeber) of physiological clocks and synchronizes biological rhythms in 24-h cycles, nonphotic stimuli have a profound influence over circadian biology. Indeed, reward-related activities (e.g., feeding, exercise, sex, substance use, and social interactions), which lead to an elevated level of dopamine, alters rhythms in the SCN and the brain's reward system. In this chapter, we will discuss the influence of the dopaminergic reward pathways on circadian system and the implication of this interplay on human health.
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“The mesolimbic system, also referred to as the brain's reward system, controls the processing of rewards by associating specific stimuli with positive outcomes, thus influencing behavior.”
From Social Media Algorithms and Teen Addiction: Neurophysiological Impact and Ethical Considerations (2025) · cites this paper as [22]
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“Dopamine is considered to be at the core of this process, determining the reward value of experiences such as food, sex, and social interactions [22].”
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Metadata
- Authors
- Lewis, R. G., Florio, E., Punzo, D., & Borrelli, E.
- Affiliations
- University of California, Irvine (US)
- Corresponding author
- Borrelli, Emiliana
- Venue
- Advances in experimental medicine and biology
- Publisher
- Springer International Publishing
- Published
- 2021
- Volume
- 1344
- Pages
- 57-69
- ISSN
- 0065-2598 (ISSN-L)
- 2214-8019
- PMC
- PMC8992377
- OpenAlex
- W3212367742
- Cited by
- 170
- References
- 144
- Citations by year
- 2026: 33 · 2025: 68 · 2024: 53 · 2023: 13 · 2022: 3
- FWCI
- 26.68
- Type
- book chapter
- Language
- en
- Open access
- green
- www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov
- Locations
- Advances in experimental medicine and biology (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- PubMed Central (acceptedVersion)
- eScholarship (California Digital Library) (submittedVersion)
- Funders
- National Institute on Drug Abuse (T32DA050558)
- Topics
- Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Endocrine and Autonomic Systems › Circadian rhythm and melatonin
- Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Cellular and Molecular Neuroscience › Neurotransmitter Receptor Influence on Behavior
- Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Cognitive Neuroscience › Sleep and Wakefulness Research
- Keywords
- brain reward system, circadian rhythm, suprachiasmatic nucleus, dopamine, rhythmic gene expression, circadian clock, feeding behavior, substance use, social interaction, physical activity, sexual behavior
- MeSH terms
- Biological Clocks, Circadian Rhythm, Dopamine, Humans, Reward, Suprachiasmatic Nucleus
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