The DOI matches its Crossref record; 33 of the 35 references it cites were found in a registry or an index; 4 of the 17 sources its claims cite were checked for support.
Religion, Reintegration and Rehabilitation in French Prisons: The Impact of Prison Secularism
Open accessOverview
Integrity signals
Registry
Cites
Statistics
Verification
Claims the paper makes
43 Own interpretation · 20 Own result · 20 No basis given · 4 No full text of the sources · 4 Not checked yet · 2 Supported · 2 Partly supported · 1 Sources not found · 1 Own method · accuracy not yet measured
The cited sources support only part of this claim — read each source’s verdict below.
In the paper
“They therefore often appear as teacher-chaplains, in reference to the figure of the Imam teacher (Jouanneau 2011) who is in charge of ensuring the prisoners' good knowledge of religion.”
What the sources say
- Partly supportedcites Jouanneau 2011 sourceExperimental — accuracy not yet measured
In “Être également « surveillé » par ses fidèles” (page not provided), Jouanneau says imams provide Islamic teaching, chiefly to children and also to adults when requested. This supports the teacher-imam comparison, but the passage concerns imams serving worshippers, not chaplains ensuring prisoners’ religious knowledge. (LLM, conf=0.86)
hedged- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: unclear — It is unclear whether the paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
- Partly supported
Every source the paper cites for this claim was checked and supports it.
In the paper
“The people we met use religion more as a structuring force in the meaning of Sarg and Lamine (2011), and focused more on the here and now, rather than a restructuring perspective geared towards reintegration.”
What the sources say
- Supportedcites Sarg and Lamine 2011 source
Sarg and Lamine distinguish religion as a structuring norm in the “here and now” from its role in a future “beyond the walls” (La religion pour (re)construire sa vie, p. 4). Their sections on religion during detention (pp. 4–5) and as a resource for the future (p. 6) develop that distinction. The assessment of the citing authors’ own interviewees is their application of it, not a finding attributed to Sarg and Lamine. (LLM, conf=0.92)
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
- Supported
The paper states this without a source or data behind it here, so there is nothing to check it against. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Therefore, in the eyes of the inmates, they are defined and perceived as re-personalising and humanising figures, by re-including the prisoners in a joint humanity:”
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
A result the paper reports from its own data — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Our field study revealed a developing institution and a reactivation of the function of chaplaincies with the entrance of new religions, in particular Islam.”
plaindirect- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
- Rests on an assumption: The eight French prisons studied are representative of French prisons as a whole.
In the paper
“Above all, chaplains offer a non-bureaucratic relationship within the prison organisation (Becci 2012).”
What the sources say
- Not checked — no full text of the sourcecites Becci 2012
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: unclear — It is unclear whether the paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
A result the paper reports from its own data — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“And in a significantly different way, others veer towards a more vertical and top-down stance of a normative and moralistic nature, as a continuation of the educational role.”
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: unclear — It is unclear whether the paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
A result the paper reports from its own data — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Several of the inmates that we met mentioned their poor practice of religion when they left a previous prison before they were reincarcerated.”
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: unclear — It is unclear whether the paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
A result the paper reports from its own data — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“If it was mentioned by a few, and particularly by Muslims with the idea of putting things back into order, for example, it was associated with a slightly vague hope of personal reform without it being expressed in any concrete plan, however.”
plaincorrelational- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
The paper states this without a source or data behind it here, so there is nothing to check it against. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“This repentance dimension is particularly valued by Muslim inmates.”
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: unclear — It is unclear whether the paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
A result the paper reports from its own data — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“The fear of hell is, in fact, a recurrent theme, in the discussions of certain inmates.”
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: unclear — It is unclear whether the paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
- It may state two separate claims as one. 42
- Probably not a substantial claim. 28
The cited sources support only part of this claim — read each source’s verdict below.
In the paper
“Religion in a prison environment constitutes a personal resource and a shield to protect one's self from others.”
What the sources say
- Not checked — no full text of the sourcecites Clear et al. 2000 source
- Partly supportedcites Sarg and Lamine 2011 sourceExperimental — accuracy not yet measured
“La religion restructurante pour l'avenir” (p. 7) describes religion as a resource for prisoners. “La religion comme contestation” (p. 16) reports protection through belonging to a religious group, specifically in its discussion of Islam. The claim presents that group-based protection as a general function of religion and as a personal shield, which is broader than the passage supports. (LLM, conf=0.83)
plaindirect- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: unclear — It is unclear whether the paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
It may state two separate claims as one.
Every source the paper cites for this claim was checked and supports it.
In the paper
“It offers a structuring framework, which facilitates life in prison, an opportunity to rehabilitate one's self through forgiveness can even be a vector of change with a view to reintegration (Sarg and Lamine 2011).”
What the sources say
- Supportedcites Sarg and Lamine 2011 source
In “La religion structurante en détention” (pp. 5–6), the paper says religion helps prisoners make sense of their sentence and can be a tool for resocialization. “La réhabilitation de soi par le pardon” (p. 9) describes forgiveness as a means of self-rehabilitation, while “La religion restructurante pour l’avenir” (p. 6) presents religion as a possible starting point for life beyond prison. (LLM, conf=0.93)
plaindirect- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
It may state two separate claims as one.
- Supported
A result the paper reports from its own data — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“In this way they also contribute to controlling certain forms of radicalisation, but more mundanely their mission involves teaching inmates how to read the Koran, pray, do ablutions and to initiate one's self in the duties of a Muslim.”
plaindirect- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: fails — The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it. It may state two separate claims as one.
The paper states this without a source or data behind it here, so there is nothing to check it against. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“There are more than 1200 chaplains operating in French prisons.”
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: fails — The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
A result the paper reports from its own data — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“According to our study, religion in prisons is a fairly minority phenomenon, even though we do not have any statistics on religious practice, since statistics of this kind are forbidden in France.”
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: unclear — It is unclear whether the paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
It may state two separate claims as one.
- Rests on an assumption: The eight French prisons studied are representative of French prisons as a whole.
The paper states this without a source or data behind it here, so there is nothing to check it against. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Behind these general terms, there is a great diversity of professional practices among chaplains in terms of their clientele and mission definitions.”
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: fails — The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
- Based: fails — The paper may give no reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it. The paper may give no reason why it holds.
None of the sources cited for this claim have been checked yet.
In the paper
“On talking about her long experience as a prison chaplain, Isabelle Le Bourgeois (2006,(133)(134), above all sees herself as a humanising factor and refuses to take on the responsibility of reintegration:”
plainSingle case- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: fails — The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it. It may state two separate claims as one.
A result the paper reports from its own data — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“There is no mention of the issue of religious practice in the activity reports of the Prison Administrations Directorate between 1950 and 1998, which nevertheless review aspects of prison life, which are deemed relevant to reintegration, such as educational, socio-cultural and sporting activities.”
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
It may state two separate claims as one.
A result the paper reports from its own data — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Their mission, however, is difficult to determine.It is not clearly defined in the Code of Criminal Procedure, as Pierre-Paul explains:”
plainSingle case- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. It may state two separate claims as one.
The paper states this without a source or data behind it here, so there is nothing to check it against. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“However, a significant increase is to be noted in the number of prison chaplains, which has doubled over the past 15 years, an increase which by far outstrips the growth in the prison population.”
plaincorrelational- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: unclear — It is unclear whether the paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
It may state two separate claims as one.
A result the paper reports from its own data — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Having noted the poor knowledge of the young inmates they meet, the chaplains aim to offer them a basic religious socialisation but also, for Marouan, to combat interpretations which they deem to be false and even to teach laicity.”
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: fails — The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it. It may state two separate claims as one.
The paper states this without a source or data behind it here, so there is nothing to check it against. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“This is manifested through the rather marginal status granted to religion and its representatives in prisons, which is reflected in the poor resources allocated to them and by religious actors being represented more as external participants than partners.”
plaincorrelational- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
It may state two separate claims as one.
The paper states this without a source or data behind it here, so there is nothing to check it against. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“A high number of chaplains endeavour to be impartial in their actions: Not to judge, to be prepared to hear everything.”
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: unclear — It is unclear whether the paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
It may state two separate claims as one.
A result the paper reports from its own data — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“In the field, however, our investigation noted that religion enjoys a certain legitimacy and even receives explicit recognition for some form of social usefulness.”
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: unclear — It is unclear whether the paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
It may state two separate claims as one.
- Rests on an assumption: The accounts and practices of chaplains and prison personnel observed reflect broader patterns in French prisons.
The paper states this without a source or data behind it here, so there is nothing to check it against. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Even though the provisions of the Code of Criminal Procedure regarding chaplaincies appear under the preparation for the social reintegration of convicts section, suggesting that chaplaincies can facilitate reintegration, there is no mention, however, of any concrete actions which these religious actors might specifically undertake to meet that objective.”
hedged- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim.
The paper states this without a source or data behind it here, so there is nothing to check it against. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Religion is considered to be a moralising tool that should have a beneficial effect on reintegration and the prevention of recidivism.”
plainconditional- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: fails — The paper may give no reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. The paper may give no reason why it holds.
A result the paper reports from its own data — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“During our investigation, few inmates presented religion as a means of pulling through, even though it may be mentioned as one of the possible dimensions of desistance.”
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
It may state two separate claims as one.
A result the paper reports from its own data — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“The profile type of this category of re-convert is that of a young person educated in a religious denomination or people from a diversity of cultural and/or religious backgrounds who say they become interested in religion for the first time in their lives.”
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: unclear — It is unclear whether the paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
It may state two separate claims as one.
A result the paper reports from its own data — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“A large number of people who have undergone religious socialisation then report an intensification of their religious practice in prison; others renew their faith.”
plaincorrelational- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
It may state two separate claims as one.
The paper states this without a source or data behind it here, so there is nothing to check it against. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“These recurring discourses on following the right path, not coming back to prison, doing good, were particularly frequent in the jail, the type of establishment where activities, training and work are rare and where the attendance of religious services is the highest (compared to penitentiaries).”
plaincorrelational- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: unclear — It is unclear whether the paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
It may state two separate claims as one.
The paper states this without a source or data behind it here, so there is nothing to check it against. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“In the three jails (maisons d'arrêt) that were studied, half of the inmates were serving a sentence of less than one year.The turnover of the penal population is particularly high there.”
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: fails — The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it. It may state two separate claims as one.
The paper states this without a source or data behind it here, so there is nothing to check it against. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“The force of this use of religion can be gauged from the criticism it gives rise to among the personnel and social workers, who see it as a slightly easy way for some convicts with long sentences to shirk their responsibilities and even cultivate a form of denial.”
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: fails — The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
The paper states this without a source or data behind it here, so there is nothing to check it against. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Catholic chaplains represent 54 % of all chaplains, Protestants 24 %, and Muslim chaplains 10 %.”
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: fails — The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it. It may state two separate claims as one.
The paper states this without a source or data behind it here, so there is nothing to check it against. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Between 1991 and 2011, the number of Catholic chaplains rose from 230 to more than 600, whereas the number of Muslim chaplains increased from 23 in 1990 to 66 in 2006 and more than 150 in 2013.”
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: fails — The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
- Based: fails — The paper may give no reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it. The paper may give no reason why it holds. It may state two separate claims as one.
The paper states this without a source or data behind it here, so there is nothing to check it against. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“They are also the detention centres in France where there are short sentences 16and where the recidivism rates are the highest.”
plaincorrelational- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: fails — The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
- Based: fails — The paper may give no reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it. The paper may give no reason why it holds. It may state two separate claims as one.
A result the paper reports from its own data — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“The meetings we had with re-incarcerated inmates showed the fragility of commitments when returning to a normal life and how paths can be reversed.”
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
It may state two separate claims as one.
The paper states this without a source or data behind it here, so there is nothing to check it against. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“It is in accordance with the principle of secularity, deriving from Article 1 of the Constitution, that religion is taken into account by prison administrationsfoot_0 .”
plaindirect- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: fails — The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
A conclusion the paper draws from its own results — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Chaplains' statements do not always allude to a direct reintegration mission, even though they may contribute to it on the sidelines, and the presence of the religious element in prisons appears as a sign of the failure of the re-socialization project.”
hedgedcorrelational- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: unclear — It is unclear whether the paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
It may state two separate claims as one.
The paper states this without a source or data behind it here, so there is nothing to check it against. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Despite this reference to secularisation, from an historical point of view, there is a strong connection between Christianity and prisons, a connection which associates ideas of amendment or of rehabilitation.”
boostedcorrelational- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: fails — The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
- Based: fails — The paper may give no reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it. The paper may give no reason why it holds.
What the paper did — it cites no source for this, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“An ethnographic approach enabled us to observe chaplains in their working context and in action (in their places of worship, in cells, corridors, at meetings, and in training sessions), and this enabled us to gain a better understanding of how they define their mission.”
plaindirect- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim.
A conclusion the paper draws from its own results — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“The management of this plurality represents a challenge for prison administration, which in accordance with the 1905 law, must ensure nondiscrimination in the free exercise of religion.”
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: fails — The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
A conclusion the paper draws from its own results — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Chaplains therefore appear as being able to effectively contribute to the moral reform of prisoners.Thus they participate in the mission to reform the prison population.”
hedgeddirect- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: unclear — It is unclear whether the paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
It may state two separate claims as one.
A conclusion the paper draws from its own results — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“The idea, even though it is far from proven, that religion protects against crime and delinquency 11 , and that it favours desistance, i.e. the halting of a delinquent path, is very much alive.”
hedgeddirect- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: fails — The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it. It may state two separate claims as one.
A conclusion the paper draws from its own results — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Chaplains participate in the personal rehabilitation of inmates, a vital stage in the social rehabilitation process due to desistance.”
plaindirect- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: unclear — It is unclear whether the paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
It may state two separate claims as one.
A conclusion the paper draws from its own results — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Although, historically speaking, the 1905 secularisation law contributed to restricting the rights and means granted to chaplains, today it is used to respect the principle of equality and the rights of religious minorities to practice their faiths.”
plaindirect- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: fails — The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
- Based: fails — The paper may give no reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it. The paper may give no reason why it holds. It may state two separate claims as one.
The paper states this without a source or data behind it here, so there is nothing to check it against. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“If the concept of rehabilitation refers back more to the work of chaplains, the notion of reintegration is more linked to social workers who fulfil their mission within the Prison Integration and Probation Service (SPIP).”
plaincorrelational- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: fails — The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it. It may state two separate claims as one.
A conclusion the paper draws from its own results — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“This increase is a consequence of religious pluralisation, and concerns in particular Muslim chaplains, although also ministers of older faiths have been increasingly appointedfoot_1 .”
plaindirect- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: unclear — It is unclear whether the paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
It may state two separate claims as one.
None of the sources cited for this claim have been checked yet.
In the paper
“From that point of view, this concept of the participation of religious actors in reintegration has strictly nothing to do with what may happen in the countries of, among others, North America where faith-based prison programmes (activities promoted by religious associations) have developed considerably since the Bush administration (Damner 1992 ;Sundt and Cullen 2002 ;Kerley et al. 2005).”
What the sources say
boosted- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: unclear — It is unclear whether the paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
It may state two separate claims as one.
A conclusion the paper draws from its own results — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Yet the reintegration mission is a by-product in relation to the security mission within French prisons, even though the former mission is what is meant to give the system its entire coherence.”
plaincorrelational- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
It may state two separate claims as one.
A conclusion the paper draws from its own results — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“It can even be a source of personal rehabilitation by virtue of the ethical and moral points of reference that it can give prisoners, thus enabling them to put their lives back into order, to give them a meaning, and to even project themselves into the future.”
plaindirect- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: fails — The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
A conclusion the paper draws from its own results — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Prison administration distances itself from any involvement in religious life and endeavours to control excess.”
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. It may state two separate claims as one.
A conclusion the paper draws from its own results — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“It is a question of giving a meaning back to life, even to those who have committed serious crimes in order to enable inmates to establish a link with the period before, during and after their incarceration.”
plaindirect- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: fails — The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it. It may state two separate claims as one.
None of the sources cited for this claim have been checked yet.
In the paper
“Incarceration entails a triple ordeal.”
- Also stated in: § 4. Religion as identity support for the prisoners · plain
“Finally incarceration and prison conditions constitute an infringement on dignity due to the impossibility of maintaining any intimate spaces (Rostaing 2006, 39).”
What the sources say
- Not matchedcites Sykes 1958
Couldn’t be matched to a paper in Crossref, so it can’t be checked.
- Not checked — no full text of the sourcecites Rostaing 2006 source
plaindirect- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: fails — The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it. It may state two separate claims as one.
- Also stated in: § 4. Religion as identity support for the prisoners · plain
A conclusion the paper draws from its own results — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“The ordeal of prison can also be reinterpreted as a spiritual penance and no longer as a penalty imposed by man.”
plainSingle case- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: fails — The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
A conclusion the paper draws from its own results — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“The chaplain, who is a reminder of the common humanity they share, contributes to a personal revaluation and participates in a re-personalisation.”
plaindirectSingle case- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
It may state two separate claims as one.
A conclusion the paper draws from its own results — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“even though participation in religious practices may not erase the identity of a paedophile, it more or less neutralises the reactions that this identity can give rise to (insults, violence, aggression).”
hedgedconditional- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
It may state two separate claims as one.
A conclusion the paper draws from its own results — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“These forms of religious utilitarianism betray an institutional admission of the vacuous meaning of sentences, as well as the illusory, even mythical, character of the supposed re-socializing virtues of modern sanctions.”
plaindirect- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: fails — It may be too vague to check against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. It may be too vague to check against evidence. It may state two separate claims as one.
A conclusion the paper draws from its own results — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“There is no proof, however, that they perform better in terms of rehabilitation than other listening professionals that operate in prisons, but they contribute to it.”
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
It may state two separate claims as one.
A conclusion the paper draws from its own results — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“From that point of view, prison is a manifestation of the varied geometry of secularism and an excellent indicator of the ambivalences of French secularism, which sometimes represses religion as an unacceptable element in public life, while at other times, on the contrary, calling on its supposed potential to pacify souls and act as an agent of social control.”
plaincorrelational- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
It may state two separate claims as one.
A conclusion the paper draws from its own results — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“The invocation of a god who saves also provides a way of finding one's feet again and regaining some form of moral dignity that one thought had been irremediably lost.”
plaindirect- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
It may state two separate claims as one.
A conclusion the paper draws from its own results — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“To inmates they represent a possible resource for withstanding imprisonment or at least to endeavour to neutralise some of its degrading effects and they often contribute to giving a meaning to the sentence.”
hedgedconditional- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
It may state two separate claims as one.
A conclusion the paper draws from its own results — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Through the humane skills they exercise, chaplains in any case offer inmates a privileged space in which to reaffirm their dignity and humanity.”
plaindirect- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: fails — The paper may give no reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. The paper may give no reason why it holds.
A conclusion the paper draws from its own results — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“This deep change occurs through some real work of reflection on one's self and one's path, and it requires the realisation of one's responsibilities and the will to give one's life a meaning, as explained by the 25 year old Leïla, who is serving a 7 year sentence for violent theft.”
plaindirectSingle case- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: fails — The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it. It may state two separate claims as one.
A conclusion the paper draws from its own results — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Spirituality can, in fact, act as an instrument for the reconstruction of an identity at times when the self is threatened, it can be an element of identity (not the only one) to counterbalance the stigma of prison and being an ex-convict.”
plaindirect- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
It may state two separate claims as one.
The paper relies on this without support.
The eight French prisons studied are representative of French prisons as a whole.
“in eight French prisons 4”
The paper relies on this without support.
The accounts and practices of chaplains and prison personnel observed reflect broader patterns in French prisons.
“our investigation noted that religion enjoys a certain legitimacy and even receives explicit recognition for some form of social usefulness.”
The paper relies on this without support.
The inmates interviewed gave accurate accounts of their religious practices and their effects.
“Our investigation revealed that this resource is mainly used by those who have had a religious socialisation.”
The paper relies on this without support.
The three jails studied are sufficiently representative of French prisons for conclusions about French prison secularism.
“In the three jails (maisons d'arrêt) that were studied, half of the inmates were serving a sentence of less than one year.”
“From that point of view, prison is a manifestation of the varied geometry of secularism and an excellent indicator of the ambivalences of French secularism”
Claims other papers make about this one
Each is checked against this paper’s own text: does it say what the citing paper says it does?
The source backs part of the claim, not all of it — or backs it for a different population, condition or comparison.
In the citing paper
“many studies have held that national norms of state-church relations directly influence when, how, and why Muslim chaplaincy emerges (Becci, 2011; Beckford et al., 2005; Rostaing, Béraud, & Galembert, 2015).”
From Surveillance and prayer – comparing Muslim prison chaplaincy in Germany’s federal states (2017) · cites this paper as Rostaing, Béraud, & Galembert, 2015
Experimental — accuracy not yet measuredThe source backs part of the claim, not all of it — or backs it for a different population, condition or comparison.
In the citing paper
“Others have highlighted that a pragmatic view of religion as a vector of security can – on a case-by-case basis – lead prison agents to grant space for religious practice (Rostaing et al., 2015).”
From Surveillance and prayer – comparing Muslim prison chaplaincy in Germany’s federal states (2017) · cites this paper as Rostaing et al., 2015
Experimental — accuracy not yet measured
Citations
Cites
Making good: How ex-convicts reform and rebuild their lives.
Maruna, S. (2001) · doi:10.1037/10430-000 · Cited by 3,575
The Society of Captives, a Study of a Maximum Security Prison
Levering, J., & Sykes, G. M. (1959) · The Journal of Criminal Law Criminology and Police Science · doi:10.2307/1141342 · Cited by 1,503
The Society of Captives: A Study of a Maximum Security Prison.
Weinberg, S. K., & Sykes, G. M. (1959) · American Sociological Review · doi:10.2307/2089462 · Cited by 1,367
Ignatieff, M. (1978) · doi:10.1007/978-1-349-16018-1 · Cited by 798
Sykes, G. M. (2007) · Princeton University Press eBooks · doi:10.1515/9781400828272 · Cited by 747
Max, W. (2017) · Librairie Plon eBooks · Cited by 400
A Just Measure of Pain: The Penitentiary in the Industrial Revolution, 1750-1850
Cockburn, J. S., & Ignatieff, M. (1979) · The American Historical Review · doi:10.2307/1904657 · Cited by 352
A LIFE‐COURSE PERSPECTIVE ON SPIRITUALITY AND DESISTANCE FROM CRIME*
GIORDANO, P. C., LONGMORE, M. A., SCHROEDER, R. D., & SEFFRIN, P. M. (2008) · Criminology · doi:10.1111/j.1745-9125.2008.00104.x · Cited by 223
Religion in Prison: 'Equal Rites' in a Multi-Faith Society
Beckford, J. A., & Gilliat, S. (1998) · doi:10.1017/cbo9780511520815 · Cited by 217
Johnson, B. R., Larson, D. B., & Pitts, T. C. (1997) · Justice Quarterly · doi:10.1080/07418829700093251 · Cited by 202
Research works printed but not linked: 1
- Le Bourgeois, I. (2006). Espérer encore Paris: Desclée de Brouwer.
Cited by
Sorted by citations
Cadge, W., Griera, M., Lucken, K., & Michalowski, I. (2017) · Journal for the Scientific Study of Religion · doi:10.1111/jssr.12350 · Cited by 22
Nutrient intake and its possible drivers in free‐ranging European brown bears (Ursus arctos arctos)
Cuyper, A. D., Strubbe, D., Clauß, M., Lens, L., Zedrosser, A., Steyaert, S. M. J. G., Verbist, L., & Janssens, G. (2023) · Ecology and Evolution · doi:10.1002/ece3.10156 · Cited by 9
Surveillance and prayer – comparing Muslim prison chaplaincy in Germany’s federal states
Harms-Dalibon, L. (2017) · Comparative Migration Studies · doi:10.1186/s40878-017-0051-5 · Cited by 9
The Role of Faith-based Organizations (FBOs) in the Rehabilitation of Offenders
Khan, S. (2020) · The Oriental Anthropologist A Bi-annual International Journal of the Science of Man · doi:10.1177/0972558x20952657 · Cited by 8
One to serve them all. The growth of chaplaincy in public institutions in Denmark
Kühle, L., & Christensen, H. R. (2019) · Social Compass · doi:10.1177/0037768619833310 · Cited by 7
Metadata
- Authors
- Rostaing, C., Béraud, C., & de Galembert, C.
- Affiliations
- Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (FR)
- Université de Caen Normandie (FR)
- Corresponding author
- Rostaing, Corinne
- Venue
- Religious Diversity in European Prisons
- Publisher
- Springer International Publishing
- Published
- 2015
- Pages
- 63-79
- OpenAlex
- W1141920151
- Semantic Scholar
- f5944dfacb11f8bb9307e44f722912a3aa976851
- Cited by
- 15
- References
- 35
- Citations by year
- 2026: 3 · 2025: 2 · 2024: 2 · 2023: 4 · 2020: 1 · 2019: 1 · 2017: 2
- FWCI
- 7.73
- Type
- book chapter
- Language
- en
- Open access
- green
- shs.hal.science
- Licence
- Locations
- Springer eBooks (publishedVersion)
- HAL (Le Centre pour la Communication Scientifique Directe) (submittedVersion)
- Topics
- Social Sciences › Law › Criminal Justice and Penology
- Social Sciences › Sociology and Political Science › Criminal Justice and Corrections Analysis
- Social Sciences › Sociology and Political Science › Religion and Society Interactions
- Keywords
- religion in prison, prison chaplains, prisoner rehabilitation, social reintegration, spirituality, institutional religion, secularization, religious diversity, desistance from crime, symbolic interactionism, prison administration, chaplain role
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
A language model drew the claims from the paper on 2026-10-11, under version 3 of the claim definition (model deepseek-v4.1-flash, prompt extract-v3).
A second model labelled each claim on 2026-10-11 (model jev-1.13-20260917, definition revision gold-guideline-v0.2).
Cited sources are checked with a language model’s help (gpt-6-sol).
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.
What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›
Are you an author, or do you see a problem with this page? Request a review
