The DOI matches its Crossref record; 2 of the 2 references it cites were found in a registry or an index.
Reductionistic Research Strategies and Their Biases in the Units of Selection Controversy
Overview
The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.
Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.
Integrity signals
Registry
Cites
Statistics
Verification
Claims the paper makes
The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.
Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.
Self-check
Percentages, sums and reported differences re-computed from the paper’s own numbers.
The self-check needs the paper’s full text.
Citations
Cites
Tversky, A., & Kahneman, D. (1974) · Science · doi:10.1126/science.185.4157.1124 · Cited by 28,810
Statistical Explanation and Statistical Relevance
Salmon, W. C. (1971) · doi:10.2307/j.ctt6wrd9p · Cited by 543
Cited by
Behavioral Decision Theory: Processes of Judgement and Choice
Einhorn, H. J., & Hogarth, R. M. (1981) · Annual Review of Psychology · doi:10.1146/annurev.ps.32.020181.000413 · Cited by 1,691
Alternative formulations of multilevel selection
Damuth, J., & Heisler, I. L. (1988) · Biology & Philosophy · doi:10.1007/bf00647962 · Cited by 324
The Units of Selection Revisited: The Modules of Selection
Brandon, R. N. (1999) · Biology and Philosophy · doi:10.1023/a:1006682200831 · Cited by 78
Facts, Conventions, and the Levels of Selection
Bourrat, P. (2021) · doi:10.1017/9781108885812 · Cited by 46
Metadata
- Authors
- Wimsatt, W. C.
- Venue
- Conceptual Issues in Ecology
- Publisher
- Springer Netherlands
- Published
- 1982
- Pages
- 155-201
- OpenAlex
- W1494389183
- Cited by
- 180
- References
- 2
- FWCI
- 29.25
- Type
- book chapter
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.
What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›
Are you an author, or do you see a problem with this page? Request a review
How to cite
Cite CoChat for the checks on this page, and the paper for its own findings.
- This page
- CoChat. (2026). Citation check: Reductionistic Research Strategies and Their Biases in the Units of Selection Controversy. https://app.cochat.ai/papers/10.1007/978-94-009-7796-9_6
- The paper
- Wimsatt, W. C. (1982). Reductionistic Research Strategies and Their Biases in the Units of Selection Controversy. Conceptual Issues in Ecology. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-94-009-7796-9_6
Data sources
Bibliographic data: Semantic Scholar, OpenAlex, Crossref.
Contains information from the Semantic Scholar Academic Graph Datasets, made available under the ODC Attribution License (ODC-BY 1.0).
Semantic Scholar’s data is described in: Kinney, R., et al. (2023). The Semantic Scholar Open Data Platform. arXiv:2301.10140.
