Chitosan Chemistry: Relevance to the Biomedical Sciences
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Chitosan is a natural, biodegradable, biocompatible, and non-toxic biopolymer obtained from chitin deacetylation sourced from exo-skeleton of crustaceans.
“Chitosan is a natural, biodegradable, biocompatible, and non-toxic biopolymer obtained from chitin deacetylation that is sourced from the exo-skeleton of crustaceans (Muzzarelli and Muzzarelli, 2005; Lizardi-Mendoza et al., 2016).”
From GRAS, plant- and animal-derived compounds as alternatives to conventional fungicides for the control of postharvest diseases of fresh horticultural produce (2016) · cites this paper as Muzzarelli and Muzzarelli, 2005
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Muzzarelli, R. A. A., Barontini, G., & Rochetti, R. (1978) · Biotechnology and Bioengineering · doi:10.1002/bit.260200107 · Cited by 34 · see citing works
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Chitosan—A versatile semi-synthetic polymer in biomedical applications
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“dimensional properties, highly sophisticated functionality and a wide range of applications in biomedical and other industrial areas [3–5].”
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“fi be rs –1 4% N aO H [3 51 ]”
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“eton of crustaceans and insects, which is the second most abundant natural biopolymer after cellulose [53,54].”
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Functional Characterization of Chitin and Chitosan
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“their excellent properties such as biocompatibility, biodegradability, non-toxicity and adsorptive abilities [2,8,11].”
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“Being impossible to summarize briefly the investigations carried out on this last topic, a list of some recent reviews is included here [181–189].”
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RetractedA review on chitosan-based flocculants and their applications in water treatment.
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“…of chitin/chitosan has been extensively developed, e.g. in oral administration for lowering serum cholesterol concentration and hypertension and in ophthalmic preparations for improving the retention and biodistribution of drugs applied topically onto the eyes (Muzzarelli & Muzzarelli, 2005).”
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“Among the many chemical derivatives of chitosan mentioned in literature [120], one can differentiate specific reaction involving the –NH2 group at the C-2 position or non-specific reactions of –OH groups at C-3 and C-6 positions (especially esterification and etherification).”
BackgroundBiomaterials for Bone Tissue Engineering
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“This finding demonstrates that the antibacterial effects of insect chitosan can also be used as active edible packaging in food applications (Hamed et al., 2016; R.; Muzzarelli & Muzzarelli, 2005).”
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“In addition to the enhanced osteoconductivity (the process in which growth of bone on the biomaterial surface) in vivo, chitosan also exhibits an ability to entrap growth factors at the wound site (Muzzarelli et al. 1993; Muzzarelli and Muzzarelli 2005).”
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“Chitin and chitosan possess very interesting biological properties (Figure 2); therefore, they have been used in many applications, mainly in the medical and pharmaceutical fields [4,17,19,21-30].”
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“Chitosan is a non-toxic, biodegradable and biocompatible polymer, which presents very interesting biological properties as shown in Table 1 [3-17].”
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“The advances made become quite noticeable when the works dated 2010–2015 (amounting to >82% of the bibliography below) are compared to some most significant key articles [5,11,27,41,50,141–146] published in the 2000–2005 quinquennium.”
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“It is derived by deacetylation of chitin, the second most abundant natural polymer in the world (Muzzarelli & Muzzarelli, 2005; Varma, Deshpande, & Kennedy, 2004).”
BackgroundRecent advances in carboxymethyl chitosan-based materials for biomedical applications
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“The source of chitin, its proper es and the conditions of the deacetylation process (temperature, time and c ncentration of alkalis) have a significant impact on the chemic l purity and quality of pa ameters related to the biol gical activity and technological usefulness of chitosan [25].”
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“Among them, chitosan, a polysaccharide derived from chitin by complete or incomplete alkaline deacetylation, is the most attractive candidate due to its biochemical activity, biocompatibility, biodegradability and low toxicity [14], and has been widely used in pharmaceutical and nutritional formulations.”
BackgroundPreparation, characterization, and antioxidant properties of gallic acid-grafted-chitosans
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“Therefore, chitosan is peculiar for its cationicity and the consequent capacity to form polyelectrolyte complexes with anionic groups.(16) An increase in the DDA and hence the number of NH2 groups results in the complexation capability of chitosan becoming stronger due to an increase of the apparent charge density.”
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“) [18] Cost-effective chitosan, with its bioadhesive and biocompatible properties,”
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Advances in Functional Biopolymer-Based Nanocomposites for Active Food Packaging Applications
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“considered a potential polymer for food packaging, especially in the form of edible films and coatings [109].”
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“It is a hydrophilic, nontoxic, biodegradable, and biocompatible material with the ability to form complexes with metals [1–3].”
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“[4,5] Chitosan is derived from the N ‑deacetylation form of chitin.”
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“In general, the amino groups of Cs are protonated at acidic pH values and consequently the material becomes positively charged [46,47].”
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“It also can affect the polymers matrix if the degree of cross-linking is high, giving it an insoluble property in different types of solvents [47].”
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“Indeed, this biopolymer is the only natural cationic polymer in the nature (Muzzarelli and Muzzarelli 2005; Rinaudo 2006).”
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“as additives in food and cosmetic products, as drug and gene delivery system or as chiral stationary phases for HPLC[10,14-18].”
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“Chitosan presents very interesting polymeric forms, having unique structures and properties, and functionalities that target multiple applications from biomedicine, agricultural, and environmental protection [7,8].”
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- Authors
- Muzzarelli, R. A. A., & Muzzarelli, C.
- Affiliations
- Marche Polytechnic University (IT)
- Venue
- Advances in Polymer Science
- Publisher
- Springer-Verlag
- Published
- 2005-11-16
- Pages
- 151-209
- OpenAlex
- W2486270894
- Cited by
- 555
- References
- 290
- Citations by year
- 2026: 5 · 2025: 17 · 2024: 22 · 2023: 22 · 2022: 18 · 2021: 28 · 2020: 33 · 2019: 39 · 2018: 26 · 2017: 39 · 2016: 45 · 2015: 33 · 2014: 35 · 2013: 42 · 2012: 38
- FWCI
- 53.63
- Type
- book chapter
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Locations
- Springer eBooks (publishedVersion)
- Topics
- Life Sciences › Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmaceutics › Pharmaceutical Science › Advanced Drug Delivery Systems
- Physical Sciences › Materials Science › Biomaterials › Nanocomposite Films for Food Packaging
- Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Molecular Medicine › Hydrogels: synthesis, properties, applications
- Keywords
- chitosan, chitin, drug delivery, drug carriers, biocompatibility, biodegradability, wound healing, coagulation, immunostimulation, chitin nanoparticles, nanofibrils, bandages, nutraceuticals, cosmetics
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