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Cited by 1,830Mathematical Biology Tumor GrowthCancer Cells and MetastasisCancer and biochemical research

Determination of subcutaneous tumor size in athymic (nude) mice

Tomayko, Mary M., Reynolds, C. Patrick·1989·Cancer Chemotherapy and Pharmacology
DOI 10.1007/bf00300234
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Abstract

The athymic (nude) mouse is a useful model for studying the biology and response to therapies of human tumors in vivo. A survey of recent literature revealed the use of 19 different formulas for determining the size of subcutaneous tumors grown as xenografts in nude mice (2 for determining tumor area, 3 for tumor diameter, and 14 for calculating tumor volume). We compared the volumes, areas, and diameters predicted by each of the 19 formulas with the actual weights of 50 tumors ranging from 0.46 to 22.0 g established in nude mice as xenografts from human cell lines. In addition to determining how well each formula predicted relative tumor size, we analyzed how well each formula estimated actual tumor mass. The ellipsoid volume formulas (pi/6 x L x W x H and 1/2 x L x W x H) were best for estimating tumor mass (r = 0.93), whereas measurements of diameter correlated poorly with tumor mass (r less than 0.66). Although determination of tumor area correlated well with tumor mass in small tumors (r = 0.89), correlations of area with tumor mass for large tumors were poor (r = 0.41). We conclude that determination of the ellipsoid volume from measurements of three axes consistently yields the most accurate estimations of both relative and actual tumor mass.

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Crossref · 10.1007/bf00300234

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  • The formula π/6(L × W × H) is confirmed to be the best formula representing the actual volume of a wide spectrum of tumor shapes and sizes.

    “Tumor sizes were calculated by the volume formula π/6(L × W × H) [L: the length (longest dimension); W: width (shorter dimension, parallel to the mouse body); H: height (diameter of tumor perpendicular to the length and width)], which is confirmed to be the best formula represented the actual volume of a wide spectrum of tumor shapes and sizes38.”

    From PRDM1/BLIMP1 induces cancer immune evasion by modulating the USP22-SPI1-PD-L1 axis in hepatocellular carcinoma cells (2022) · cites this paper as [38]

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Authors
Tomayko, M. M., & Reynolds, C. P.
Affiliations
University of California, Los Angeles (US)
ORCID
Venue
Cancer Chemotherapy and Pharmacology
Publisher
Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Published
1989-09
Volume
24
Issue
3
Pages
148-154
ISSN
  • 0344-5704 (ISSN-L)
  • 1432-0843
DOI
10.1007/bf00300234
OpenAlex
W2155127143
Cited by
1,830
References
68
Citations by year
2026: 78 · 2025: 86 · 2024: 99 · 2023: 132 · 2022: 137 · 2021: 98 · 2020: 118 · 2019: 104 · 2018: 93 · 2017: 106 · 2016: 91 · 2015: 92 · 2014: 80 · 2013: 77 · 2012: 70
FWCI
7.19
Type
journal article
Language
en
Open access
closed
Licence
www.springer.com/tdm (tdm)
Locations
  • Cancer Chemotherapy and Pharmacology (publishedVersion)
  • PubMed (publishedVersion)
Funders
National Cancer Institute (CA44904)
Topics
  • Physical Sciences › Mathematics › Modeling and Simulation › Mathematical Biology Tumor Growth
  • Health Sciences › Medicine › Oncology › Cancer Cells and Metastasis
  • Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Molecular Biology › Cancer and biochemical research
Keywords
tumor volume measurement, subcutaneous xenograft, nude mice, ellipsoid volume formula, tumor diameter, human cancer cell lines
MeSH terms
Animals, Cell Line, Disease Models, Animal, Humans, Mathematics, Methods, Mice, Nude, Neoplasm Transplantation, Neoplasms, Germ Cell and Embryonal, Neoplasms, Experimental, Neuroblastoma, Mice

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