Vertical location of the ear, assessed by the Leiber test, in healthy North American Caucasians 6–19 years of age.
Abstract
A method of assessing the level of the ears, slightly modified from that devised by Leiber (1972), and the instrument developed for the measurements, are described. In a study of 1312 healthy North American Caucasians of both sexes aged 6--19 years, dystopic ears were found in 15 (1.2%). The ears were low-set in 13 (5 bilateral and 8 unilateral), in more males (8) than females (5), and were high-set in 2 (bilateral in a girl and unilateral in a boy). The level of normally located ears changed with age, from low-normal location in early school age to middle-normal in young adulthood. Almost 10% of "normally" located ears were situated asymmetrically, but these asymmetries could not be detected visually.
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By preserving the scapha, the natural contour of the ear is maintained.
“By preserving the scapha, the natural contour of the ear is maintained, whereas the increased mobility of the flaps enhances the reshaping and positioning of the ear during reconstruction, ultimately leading to improved cosmetic and functional outcomes.35,36”
From Chondrocutaneous Advancement Flap and Postauricular Skin Flap: An Effective Combination for Large Helical Rim Defect Reconstruction (2025) · cites this paper as [35]
The increased mobility of the flaps enhances the reshaping and positioning of the ear during reconstruction, leading to improved cosmetic and functional outcomes.
“the increased mobility of the flaps enhances the reshaping and positioning of the ear during reconstruction, ultimately leading to improved cosmetic and functional outcomes.35,36”
From Chondrocutaneous Advancement Flap and Postauricular Skin Flap: An Effective Combination for Large Helical Rim Defect Reconstruction (2025) · cites this paper as [35]
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A Systematic Review of Interethnic Variability in Facial Dimensions
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“Philtral area irregularities and asymmetries can be caused by a large number of congenital, traumatic, neoplastic, and vascular disorders.(5,7) By offering cosmetic, functional, and psychological outcomes as part of the treatment, the surgical procedure to be performed is expected to give satisfactory results.”
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ResultFabrizio, T. (2024) · Biomedical Journal of Scientific & Technical Research · doi:10.26717/bjstr.2024.55.008721 · Cited by 1 · see citing works
Otoplasty—A contemporary survey
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- Authors
- Farkas, L. G.
- Affiliations
- Hospital for Sick Children (CA)
- Corresponding author
- Farkas, L. G.
- Venue
- Archives of Oto-Rhino-Laryngology
- Published
- 1978
- Volume
- 220-220
- Issue
- 1-2
- Pages
- 9-13
- ISSN
- 0937-4477 (ISSN-L)
- 0302-9530
- 1434-4726
- OpenAlex
- W2005005052
- Cited by
- 18
- References
- 10
- Citations by year
- 2025: 1 · 2024: 1 · 2021: 1 · 2019: 1 · 2018: 2 · 2017: 1 · 2013: 1
- FWCI
- 1.24
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Licence
- www.springer.com/tdm (tdm)
- Locations
- European Archives of Oto-Rhino-Laryngology (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Topics
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Genetics › Congenital Ear and Nasal Anomalies
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Surgery › Reconstructive Facial Surgery Techniques
- Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Genetics › Craniofacial Disorders and Treatments
- Keywords
- low-set ears, ear asymmetry, age-related changes, children and adolescents, Caucasians
- MeSH terms
- Adolescent, Adult, Anthropometry, Canada, Child, Ear, Ear Canal, Female, Humans, Male, Sex Factors, White People
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