Ear defects
Abstract
The projection and exposure of the auricle make it particularly susceptible to actinic injury and thus to cutaneous malignancies. Auricular reconstruction is challenging because of its unique surface anatomy and undulating topography. This article organizes auricular defects into different categories based on anatomic location and extent of tissue loss, including skin-only defects, small composite defects, full-thickness defects involving or sparing the upper third of the ear, and total auricular loss. The authors share an algorithm for repair of the array of auricular defects.
Integrity signals
Registry
Cites
Statistics
Claims the paper makes
Claims other papers make about this one
Each is checked against this paper’s own text: does it say what the citing paper says it does?
Patients were evaluated at a minimum follow-up time of 12 months (mean 22 months).
“The patients were evaluated at a minimum follow-up time of 12 months.”
From A Retrospective Study on Single-Stage Reconstruction of the Ear following Skin Cancer Excision in Elderly Patients (2022) · cites this paper as [6]
Cites
Chondrocutaneous Advancement Flap for the Marginal Defect of the Ear
ANTIA, N. H., & BUCH, V. I. (1967) · Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery · doi:10.1097/00006534-196705000-00006 · Cited by 300 · see citing works
Brent, B., & Byrd, H. S. (1983) · Plastic & Reconstructive Surgery · doi:10.1097/00006534-198308000-00003 · Cited by 275 · see citing works
Experience with the Temporoparietal Fascial Free Flap
Brent, B., Upton, J. M., Acland, R. D., Shaw, W. W.-L., FINSETH, F. J., Rogers, C., Pearl, R. M., & Hentz, V. R. (1985) · Plastic & Reconstructive Surgery · doi:10.1097/00006534-198508000-00001 · Cited by 238 · see citing works
Secondary intention healing: An alternative to surgical repair
Zitelli, J. A. (1984) · Clinics in Dermatology · doi:10.1016/0738-081x(84)90031-2 · Cited by 148 · see citing works
Kawanabe, Y., & Nagata, S. (2006) · Plastic & Reconstructive Surgery · doi:10.1097/01.prs.0000210015.28620.1c · Cited by 135 · see citing works
RECONSTRUCTION OF THE AURICLE–PART 1
Converse, J. M. (1958) · Plastic & Reconstructive Surgery · doi:10.1097/00006534-195808000-00006 · Cited by 117 · see citing works
Artistic Anatomy, Dimensions, and Proportions of the External Ear
Tolleth, H. (1978) · Clinics in Plastic Surgery · doi:10.1016/s0094-1298(20)32137-4 · Cited by 108 · see citing works
Park, C., Lew, D., & Yoo, W. (1999) · Plastic & Reconstructive Surgery · doi:10.1097/00006534-199910000-00009 · Cited by 107 · see citing works
THE ACQUIRED AURICULAR DEFORMITY
Brent, B. (1977) · Plastic & Reconstructive Surgery · doi:10.1097/00006534-197759040-00001 · Cited by 95 · see citing works
Anthropometry of the Normal and Defective Ear
Farkas, L. G. (1990) · Clinics in Plastic Surgery · doi:10.1016/s0094-1298(20)31238-4 · Cited by 83 · see citing works
Cutaneous Carcinoma of the Auricular and Periauricular Region
Bailin, P. L., Levine, H. L., Wood, B. G., & Tucker, H. M. (1980) · Archives of Otolaryngology - Head and Neck Surgery · doi:10.1001/archotol.1980.00790350034010 · Cited by 74 · see citing works
Tissue engineering and cartilage regeneration for auricular reconstruction
Ciorba, A., & Martini, A. (2006) · International Journal of Pediatric Otorhinolaryngology · doi:10.1016/j.ijporl.2006.03.013 · Cited by 73 · see citing works
Pless, J. (1976) · Scandinavian Journal of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery · doi:10.3109/02844317609105202 · Cited by 65 · see citing works
Johnson, T. M., & Fader, D. J. (1997) · Journal of the American Academy of Dermatology · doi:10.1016/s0190-9622(97)70075-6 · Cited by 63 · see citing works
A Hierarchy of Values in the Design and Construction of the Ear
Tolleth, H. (1990) · Clinics in Plastic Surgery · doi:10.1016/s0094-1298(20)31236-0 · Cited by 61 · see citing works
Kawanabe, Y., & Nagata, S. (2006) · Plastic & Reconstructive Surgery · doi:10.1097/01.prs.0000244880.12256.7c · Cited by 61 · see citing works
The Aesthetics of Ear Placement
Skiles, M. S., & Randall, P. (1983) · Plastic & Reconstructive Surgery · doi:10.1097/00006534-198308000-00001 · Cited by 56 · see citing works
Malignant tumours of the ear and their treatment
Blake, G. B., & Wilson, J. S. P. (1974) · British Journal of Plastic Surgery · doi:10.1016/0007-1226(74)90065-4 · Cited by 55 · see citing works
Reconstruction of skin cancer defects of the auricle
Reddy, L. V., & Zide, M. F. (2004) · Journal of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery · doi:10.1016/j.joms.2004.07.006 · Cited by 54 · see citing works
A NEW METHOD FOR EARLOBE RECONSTRUCTION
Alanís, S. Z. (1970) · Plastic & Reconstructive Surgery · doi:10.1097/00006534-197003000-00007 · Cited by 50 · see citing works
Reconstruction of marginal ear defects with modified chondrocutaneous helical rim advancement flaps
Butler, C. E. (2003) · Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery · doi:10.1097/01.prs.0000056834.94472.4c · Cited by 47 · see citing works
AURICULO-MASTOID TUBE PEDICLE FOR OTOPLASTY
Steffanoff, D. N. (1948) · Plastic & Reconstructive Surgery · doi:10.1097/00006534-194805000-00010 · Cited by 47 · see citing works
Auricular Reconstruction with Postauricular Myocutaneous Flap
Krespi, Y. P., Ries, W. R., Shugar, J. M. A., & Sisson, G. A. (1983) · Otolaryngology · doi:10.1177/019459988309100215 · Cited by 46 · see citing works
Retroauricular flap: its clinical application and safety
Yotsuyanagi, T., Watanabe, Y., Yamashita, K., Urushidate, S., Yokoi, K., & Sawada, Y. (2001) · British Journal of Plastic Surgery · doi:10.1054/bjps.2000.3479 · Cited by 45 · see citing works
Auricular reconstruction with a postauricular myocutaneous island flap: Flip-flop flap
Talmi, Y. P., Horowitz, Z., Bedrin, L., & Kronenberg, J. (1996) · Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery · doi:10.1097/00006534-199612000-00010 · Cited by 42 · see citing works
EARLOBE CONSTRUCTION WITH AN AURICULO-MASTOID FLAP
Brent, B. (1976) · Plastic & Reconstructive Surgery · doi:10.1097/00006534-197603000-00027 · Cited by 41 · see citing works
Earlobe Reconstruction Using a Chondrocutaneous Flap
Yotsuyanagi, T. (1994) · Plastic & Reconstructive Surgery · doi:10.1097/00006534-199412000-00026 · Cited by 40 · see citing works
Auricular Reconstruction of Helical Rim Defects: Wedge Resection Revisited
RADONICH, M. A., Zaher, M., Bisaccia, E., & Scarborough, D. A. (2002) · Dermatologic Surgery · doi:10.1046/j.1524-4725.2002.01051.x · Cited by 40 · see citing works
Brodland, D. G. (2005) · Dermatologic Clinics · doi:10.1016/j.det.2004.08.008 · Cited by 39 · see citing works
ADAMS, W. M. (1955) · Plastic & Reconstructive Surgery · doi:10.1097/00006534-195508000-00002 · Cited by 36 · see citing works
Ear Reconstruction Utilizing the Subcutaneous Island Pedicle Graft (Flip-Flop) Flap
Fader, D. J., & Johnson, T. M. (1999) · Dermatologic Surgery · doi:10.1046/j.1524-4725.1999.08176.x · Cited by 35 · see citing works
Park, S. S., & Hood, R. J. (2001) · Otolaryngologic Clinics of North America · doi:10.1016/s0030-6665(05)70015-3 · Cited by 35 · see citing works
Helix rim advancement for reconstruction of marginal defects of the pinna
Majumdar, A., & Townend, J. (2000) · British Journal of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery · doi:10.1054/bjom.1998.0009 · Cited by 34 · see citing works
Reconstruction of Defects Involving the Upper One-Third of the Auricle
Yotsuyanagi, T., Nihei, Y., & Sawada, Y. (1998) · Plastic & Reconstructive Surgery · doi:10.1097/00006534-199809040-00008 · Cited by 33 · see citing works
The thin tube pedicle : a valuable technique in auricular reconstruction after trauma
Dujon, D. G., & Bowditch, M. (1995) · British Journal of Plastic Surgery · doi:10.1016/0007-1226(95)90028-4 · Cited by 33 · see citing works
Hydroxyapatite‐coated polyurethane for auricular cartilage replacement: An in vitro study
Chetty, A. S., Steynberg, T. J., Moolman, S., Nilen, R. W. N., Joubert, A. M., & Richter, W. (2007) · Journal of Biomedical Materials Research Part A · doi:10.1002/jbm.a.31465 · Cited by 31 · see citing works
Malignant Tumors of the External Ear
Leferink, V. J. M., & Nicolai, J. A. (1988) · Annals of Plastic Surgery · doi:10.1097/00000637-198812000-00010 · Cited by 31 · see citing works
Reconstruction of the Concha of the Ear Using a Postauricular Island Flap
Chen, C., & Zong-ji, C. (1990) · Plastic & Reconstructive Surgery · doi:10.1097/00006534-199009000-00033 · Cited by 30 · see citing works
Butler, C. E. (2002) · Annals of Plastic Surgery · doi:10.1097/00000637-200209000-00014 · Cited by 29 · see citing works
Repair of partial ear loss with local composite flap
ARGAMASO, R. V., & LEWIN, M. L. (1968) · Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery · doi:10.1097/00006534-196811000-00005 · Cited by 29 · see citing works
Assessment of the Preferred Vertical Position of the Ear
Posnick, J. C., Al-Qattan, M. M., & Whitáker, L. A. (1993) · Plastic & Reconstructive Surgery · doi:10.1097/00006534-199306000-00003 · Cited by 26 · see citing works
“Second Look” at Auricular Reconstruction with a Postauricular Island Flap: “Flip-Flop Flap”
Talmi, Y. P., Wolf, M., Horowitz, Z., Bedrin, L., & Kronenberg, J. (2002) · Plastic & Reconstructive Surgery · doi:10.1097/00006534-200202000-00046 · Cited by 25 · see citing works
A QUICK TECHNIQUE FOR EAR LOBE RECONSTRUCTION
RAO, Y. V. S., & RAO, P. V. (1968) · Plastic & Reconstructive Surgery · doi:10.1097/00006534-196801000-00003 · Cited by 24 · see citing works
Delayed Wound Healing with Adhesive Wound Dressings
Zitelli, J. A. (1984) · The Journal of Dermatologic Surgery and Oncology · doi:10.1111/j.1524-4725.1984.tb01276.x · Cited by 23 · see citing works
Biomechanics of the helical rim advancement flap
Calhoun, K. H., Slaughter, D., Kassir, R., Seikaly, H., & Hokanson, J. A. (1996) · Archives of Otolaryngology - Head and Neck Surgery · doi:10.1001/archotol.1996.01890220083014 · Cited by 21 · see citing works
Farkas, L. G. (1978) · Archives of Oto-Rhino-Laryngology · doi:10.1007/bf00456297 · Cited by 18 · see citing works
Reconstruction of the pinna using pre-auricular flaps.
Vg, L. (1984) · PubMed · Cited by 18 · see citing works
Two-Lobed Advancement Flap for Cutaneous Helical Rim Defects
Alam, M., & Goldberg, L. H. (2003) · Dermatologic Surgery · doi:10.1046/j.1524-4725.2003.29298.x · Cited by 17 · see citing works
Auricular reconstruction using postauricular myocutaneous flap
Krespi, Y. P., & Pate, B. R. (1994) · The Laryngoscope · doi:10.1288/00005537-199406000-00025 · Cited by 17 · see citing works
Reconstruction of the ear after skin and perichondrium loss
Elsahy, N. I. (2002) · Clinics in Plastic Surgery · doi:10.1016/s0094-1298(01)00003-7 · Cited by 16 · see citing works
Calhoun, K. H., & Chase, S. P. (2005) · Facial Plastic Surgery Clinics of North America · doi:10.1016/j.fsc.2004.12.005 · Cited by 16 · see citing works
Facial Plastic Surgery: The Essential Guide
Park, S. S., Day, T. A., Farrior, E. H., Frodel, J. L., Park, S. S., Sykes, J. M., & Toriumi, D. M. (2005) · Thieme eBooks · doi:10.1055/b-002-72195 · Cited by 16 · see citing works
Ear Reconstruction with a Flap from the Medial Surface of the Auricle
Elsahy, N. I. (1985) · Annals of Plastic Surgery · doi:10.1097/00000637-198502000-00017 · Cited by 15 · see citing works
Cook, T., & Miller, P. (1995) · Facial Plastic Surgery · doi:10.1055/s-2008-1064548 · Cited by 15 · see citing works
Temporoparietal Fascial Flap in Auricular Reconstruction
Park, S. S., & Wang, T. (1995) · Facial Plastic Surgery · doi:10.1055/s-2008-1064549 · Cited by 11 · see citing works
Auricle Reconstruction With a Nickel–Titanium Shape Memory Alloy as the Framework
Chi, F., Wang, S., & Liu, H. (2007) · The Laryngoscope · doi:10.1097/01.mlg.0000248235.48904.a0 · Cited by 10 · see citing works
Stellate Excision of Malignancies on the Auricles
Bumsted, R. M., & Ceilley, R. I. (1980) · The Journal of Dermatologic Surgery and Oncology · doi:10.1111/j.1524-4725.1980.tb00806.x · Cited by 10 · see citing works
Surgical Gems: Local Anesthesia of the Auricle
Bumsted, R. M., & Ceilley, R. I. (1979) · The Journal of Dermatologic Surgery and Oncology · doi:10.1111/j.1524-4725.1979.tb00692.x · Cited by 9 · see citing works
Reconstruction of an Acquired Subtotal Ear Defect with Autogenous Septal Cartilage Graft
Buonaccorsi, S., Terenzi, V., Pellacchia, V., Indrizzi, E., & Fini, G. (2007) · Plastic & Reconstructive Surgery · doi:10.1097/01.prs.0000259895.11638.fa · Cited by 8 · see citing works
NECROSIS OF THE TOE RESULTING FROM PROTEIN-S DEFICIENCY
Terzioğu, A., Çığşar, B., & Asian, G. (2002) · Plastic & Reconstructive Surgery · doi:10.1097/00006534-200211000-00049 · Cited by 7 · see citing works
RECONSTRUCTION OF THE EAR LOBULE
Carver, G. M. (1953) · Plastic & Reconstructive Surgery · doi:10.1097/00006534-195309000-00006 · Cited by 4 · see citing works
ROTATION FLAP REPAIR FOR SMALL DEFECTS OF THE HELIX OF THE EAR
Elsahy, N. I. (1974) · Plastic & Reconstructive Surgery · doi:10.1097/00006534-197405000-00029 · Cited by 4 · see citing works
Creation of a Lobule: A Simple Technique
Seidman, M. D., & Novelly, N. J. (1991) · Otolaryngology · doi:10.1177/019459989110500517 · Cited by 4 · see citing works
Prosthetic auricular reconstruction
Chen, D., Johnson, J. T., Zini, I., Myers, E. N., & Aramany, M. A. (1983) · Otolaryngology · doi:10.1177/019459988309100515 · Cited by 3 · see citing works
Flagged first, then by citations
1 of the 65 references couldn’t be matched to a known paper.
Cited by
Sorted by citations
Smith, R. M., & Byrne, P. J. (2019) · Facial Plastic Surgery Clinics of North America · doi:10.1016/j.fsc.2018.08.010 · Cited by 46 · see citing works
The utility of full-thickness skin grafts (FTSGs) for auricular reconstruction
Trufant, J. W., Marzolf, S., Leach, B. C., & Cook, J. (2016) · Journal of the American Academy of Dermatology · doi:10.1016/j.jaad.2016.01.028 · Cited by 41 · see citing works
Hochwalt, P. C., Christensen, K., Cantwell, S., Hocker, T. L. H., Brewer, J. D., Baum, C. L., Arpey, C. J., Otley, C. C., & Roenigk, R. K. (2014) · Dermatologic Surgery · doi:10.1097/dss.0000000000000208 · Cited by 41 · see citing works
Facial Skin Cancer Reconstruction
Meaike, J. D., Dickey, R. M., Killion, E. A., Bartlett, E. L., & Brown, R. (2016) · Seminars in Plastic Surgery · doi:10.1055/s-0036-1584821 · Cited by 39 · see citing works
Pickrell, B., Hughes, C., & Maricevich, R. (2017) · Seminars in Plastic Surgery · doi:10.1055/s-0037-1603968 · Cited by 41 · see citing works
Li, D., Xu, F., Zhang, R., Zhang, Q., Xu, Z., Li, Y., Wang, C., & Li, T. (2016) · Plastic & Reconstructive Surgery · doi:10.1097/prs.0000000000002408 · Cited by 25 · see citing works
Bolletta, A., Losco, L., Pozzi, M., Schettino, M., & Cigna, E. (2022) · Journal of Clinical Medicine · doi:10.3390/jcm11030838 · Cited by 15 · see citing works
“They can be harvested by the preauricular and retroauricular area or the supraclavicular area [6,11].”
BackgroundSchwartzman, G. H., Cartron, A. M., & Khachemoune, A. (2021) · Archives of Dermatological Research · doi:10.1007/s00403-021-02209-y · Cited by 15 · see citing works
Sekundäre Wundheilung nach tumorchirurgischen Eingriffen im Kopf-Hals-Bereich
Bechara, F. G. (2013) · Der Hautarzt · doi:10.1007/s00105-013-2540-2 · Cited by 14 · see citing works
Preauricular pull through flap for reconstruction of the auricle
Schmidt, M., Zaussinger, M., Duscher, D., Wenny, R., & Huemer, G. M. (2020) · Journal of Plastic Reconstructive & Aesthetic Surgery · doi:10.1016/j.bjps.2020.05.078 · Cited by 12 · see citing works
Reconstruction of acquired auricular deformity
Shaye, D. A., & Sykes, J. M. (2011) · Operative Techniques in Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery · doi:10.1016/j.otot.2010.08.007 · Cited by 12 · see citing works
Risk assessment in surgical patients: balancing iatrogenic risks and benefits
Pomerantz, R. G., Lee, D. A., & Siegel, D. M. (2011) · Clinics in Dermatology · doi:10.1016/j.clindermatol.2011.08.012 · Cited by 10 · see citing works
Braga, A. R., Pereira, L. C., Grave, M., Resende, J. H. C., Lima, D. A., Souza, A. P. D., & Zambenedetti, R. M. (2010) · Journal of Plastic Reconstructive & Aesthetic Surgery · doi:10.1016/j.bjps.2010.09.005 · Cited by 10 · see citing works
Park, L., & Bordeaux, J. S. (2013) · Dermatologic Surgery · doi:10.1111/dsu.12271 · Cited by 8 · see citing works
Reconstruction of upper third auricular defects
Sivam, S. K., Taylor, C. B., & Stallworth, C. L. (2017) · Operative Techniques in Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery · doi:10.1016/j.otot.2017.03.008 · Cited by 7 · see citing works
Habiba, N. U., Khan, A., Khurram, M. F., & Khan, M. K. (2018) · Journal of Wound Care · doi:10.12968/jowc.2018.27.9.564 · Cited by 8 · see citing works
Robot‐Automated Cartilage Contouring for Complex Ear Reconstruction: A Cadaveric Study
Smith, C. A., van der Woerd, B. D., Potra, R., Ferreira, L. M., & Moore, C. C. (2020) · The Laryngoscope · doi:10.1002/lary.29058 · Cited by 7 · see citing works
Kurian, K. E., Oyer, S. L., & Park, S. S. (2025) · Facial Plastic Surgery · doi:10.1055/a-2437-1107 · Cited by 6 · see citing works
Reconstruction After Skin Cancer Resection of the Head and Neck
Zimmer, D. I., Wieland, A. M., & Ku, J. A. (2023) · Otolaryngologic Clinics of North America · doi:10.1016/j.otc.2023.04.006 · Cited by 6 · see citing works
Principles of Reconstruction After Mohs Surgery
Zhang, E. Z., Christophel, J. J., & Park, S. S. (2018) · Current Otorhinolaryngology Reports · doi:10.1007/s40136-018-0199-z · Cited by 5 · see citing works
Otoplasty and Ear Reconstruction Complications
Buba, C. M., & Gantous, A. M. (2024) · Facial Plastic Surgery · doi:10.1055/a-2446-0354 · Cited by 4 · see citing works
Earlobe Rejuvenation: A Review of Current Treatment Modalities
Azzawi, S., & Aigen, A. R. (2023) · Dermatologic Surgery · doi:10.1097/dss.0000000000003709 · Cited by 5 · see citing works
Youssif, S., Hamza, F., Abdelaziz, M. A., Nasef, M. A., Omran, A. M., Ismaiel, W., Ibrahim, A. A. M., Alsobky, M. E., Abdelazim, A., El-Shiekh, A. M., et al. (2023) · Annals of Otology, Rhinology and Laryngology · doi:10.1177/00034894231195665 · Cited by 5 · see citing works
Postauricular Tubed Flap in the Reconstruction of Auricular Margin Defects: Revisited
Sinha, A., Baranwal, S., Babu, V. S., & Jha, M. K. (2021) · Indian Journal of Plastic Surgery · doi:10.1055/s-0041-1729508 · Cited by 4 · see citing works
Reconstruction of partial auricular skin cancer defects: a review of current techniques
Noor, A., & Thomson, N. (2023) · Current Opinion in Otolaryngology & Head & Neck Surgery · doi:10.1097/moo.0000000000000894 · Cited by 3 · see citing works
Kim, J. T., Kim, Y. H., & Kim, S. W. (2014) · Journal of Plastic Reconstructive & Aesthetic Surgery · doi:10.1016/j.bjps.2014.07.036 · Cited by 3 · see citing works
Partial Central Anterior Reconstruction of the Auricle with One-Stage Combined Retroauricular Flaps
Poissonnet, G., Poissonnet, V., Dassonville, O., Bozec, A., & Culié, D. (2023) · Plastic & Reconstructive Surgery · doi:10.1097/prs.0000000000010611 · Cited by 3 · see citing works
Krekel, J. K., Dippel, E., & Löser, C. R. (2024) · JDDG Journal der Deutschen Dermatologischen Gesellschaft · doi:10.1111/ddg.15401 · Cited by 3 · see citing works
Reconstruction of the middle third auricular defects
Dresner, H. S., & Waselchuk, E. (2017) · Operative Techniques in Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery · doi:10.1016/j.otot.2017.03.004 · Cited by 3 · see citing works
Primary Repair of Soft Tissue Injury and Soft Tissue Defects
Petropolis, C. J., & Antonyshyn, O. M. (2020) · Elsevier eBooks · doi:10.1016/b978-0-323-49755-8.00012-8 · Cited by 3 · see citing works
The use of preauricular skin flaps in the treatment of ear malignancy in elderly patients
Frattaroli, J. M., Turriziani, G., Lo Torto, F., Cavalieri, E., Bruno, E., Dal Prà, G., & Ribuffo, D. (2022) · Journal of Cosmetic Dermatology · doi:10.1111/jocd.14519 · Cited by 2 · see citing works
Esthetic Correction of Lying Ears With Hyaluronic Acid Filler.
Wong, I. K. J., Kim, J.-H., Rosellini, I., Song, J., Lee, H. E., & Yi, K.-H. (2025) · The Journal of craniofacial surgery (Print) · doi:10.1097/scs.0000000000011924 · Cited by 2 · see citing works
An Algorithmic Approach for the Reconstruction of Extended Upper-Third Auricular Soft Tissue Defects
Seretis, K. G., Bounas, N., & Lykoudis, E. G. (2021) · Journal of Craniofacial Surgery · doi:10.1097/scs.0000000000008298 · Cited by 2 · see citing works
Kuruvilla, A. S., Gopman, J. M., & Henderson, P. W. (2022) · Case Reports in Plastic Surgery and Hand Surgery · doi:10.1080/23320885.2022.2026776 · Cited by 2 · see citing works
Partial auricular reconstruction surgery for facial skin cancer
Rosi‐Schumacher, M., Shokri, T., & Bassichis, B. A. (2022) · Plastic and Aesthetic Research · doi:10.20517/2347-9264.2021.64 · Cited by 2 · see citing works
Pinna and External Auditory Canal, Anatomy
Robinson, D., & Kesser, B. W. (2013) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-3-642-23499-6_532 · Cited by 2 · see citing works
Aesthetic Helical Reconstruction: Postauricular Flap with Primary Skin Graft
Ghodke, A., Mims, M. M., Meyer, M., Clark, J. M., & Shockley, W. W. (2021) · Facial Plastic Surgery & Aesthetic Medicine · doi:10.1089/fpsam.2021.0275 · Cited by 1 · see citing works
Pitak‐Arnnop, P., Sirintawat, N., Tangmanee, C., Subbalekha, K., Messer‐Peti, R., Auychai, P., Meningaud, J., & Neff, A. (2023) · Journal of Stomatology Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery · doi:10.1016/j.jormas.2023.101402 · Cited by 1 · see citing works
Surgical management of auricular trauma
Patel, K. R., & Shaye, D. A. (2023) · Elsevier eBooks · doi:10.1016/b978-0-323-87482-3.00014-4 · Cited by 1 · see citing works
Shteynberg, A., Silver, E., & Hazkour, N. (2024) · Journal of Craniofacial Surgery · doi:10.1097/scs.0000000000009838 · Cited by 1 · see citing works
Chen, C., Li, F., Luo, C.-E., & Wang, H. (2024) · Dermatologic Surgery · doi:10.1097/dss.0000000000004286 · Cited by 1 · see citing works
Treatment of Prominent Ear Anomalies
Xue, A. S., Lee, E. I., Izaddoost, S. A., & Stal, S. (2013) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-3-642-35431-1_13 · Cited by 1 · see citing works
Cutaneous Anatomy in Dermatologic Surgery
Bolotin, D., White, L. C., & Alam, M. (2012) · Dermatologic Surgery · doi:10.1002/9781118412633.ch1 · Cited by 1 · see citing works
Ear Reconstruction following Mohs Micrographic Surgery
Mohan, V. C., Owens, W. R., Schmidt, J. L., Burns, H. R., & Buchanan, E. P. (2024) · Seminars in Plastic Surgery · doi:10.1055/s-0044-1791830
Cutaneous Anatomy in Mohs Micrographic Surgery
Bolotin, D., & Alam, M. (2011) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-1-4471-2152-7_6
Kim, M., & Han, G. C. (2013) · Korean Journal of Otorhinolaryngology - Head and Neck Surgery · doi:10.3342/kjorl-hns.2013.56.7.406
The Management of Traumatized Auricular Injuries
Kim, M. J., & Han, G. C. (2012) · Journal of Clinical Otolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery · doi:10.35420/jcohns.2012.23.2.190
Postauricular Island Flap in Reconstruction of Auricula Tumor Defects
Mehel, D. M., Özdemir, D., Çelebi, M., Saraç, N., Aydemir, S., & Özgür, A. (2020) · Journal of Craniofacial Surgery · doi:10.1097/scs.0000000000006508
Reconstruction of a Central Helical Defect, Postauricular Island Flap
Boyette, J. R. (2023) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-3-031-24981-5_29
Reconstruction of a Central Helical Rim Defect with a Postauricular Interpolation Flap
Boyette, J. R. (2023) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-3-031-24981-5_28
Reconstruction of Partial Defect of Ear in a Tertiary Care Institute
Singh, K., Beniwal, M., Sharma, A., Singh, P., Kumar, A., & Anshul, A. (2023) · Indian Journal of Otolaryngology and Head & Neck Surgery · doi:10.1007/s12070-023-04420-x
Krekel, J. K., Dippel, E., & Löser, C. R. (2024) · JDDG Journal der Deutschen Dermatologischen Gesellschaft · doi:10.1111/ddg.15401_g
Cierre por segunda intención en la región auricular, una excelente alternativa
Cataño, S., & Alcalá, F. B. (2024) · Piel · doi:10.1016/j.piel.2024.06.012
Fujioka, M., Fujiwara, K., Koga, K., Hiyoshi, N., & Nishizono, K. (2025) · JPRAS Open · doi:10.1016/j.jpra.2025.03.003
Delayed Reconstruction of Ear Lobule With Conchal Cartilage Rotational Flap
Khoury, S., Sahai, D., & Moore, C. C. (2025) · Journal of Craniofacial Surgery · doi:10.1097/scs.0000000000011458
Lambeau bilobé rétro-auriculaire tunnelisé
Mareschal, A., Poissonnet, G., & Amici, J. M. (2025) · Annales de Dermatologie et de Vénéréologie - FMC · doi:10.1016/j.fander.2025.04.002
Anatomia e fisiologia dell’orecchio esterno
Laude, T., & Page, C. (2025) · EMC - Otorinolaringoiatria · doi:10.1016/s1639-870x(25)50405-1
Anatomía y fisiología del oído externo
Laude, T., & Page, C. (2025) · EMC - Otorrinolaringología · doi:10.1016/s1632-3475(25)50648-3
Cutaneous Anatomy in Mohs Micrographic Surgery
Bolotin, D., & Alam, M. (2025) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-3-031-82552-1_8
Cadaveric Meniscal Cartilage for Ear Reconstruction
Sturniolo, M., Testani, S., Rafizadeh, A. D., Kozlowski, K. A., Lin, K., & Schultz, R. O. (2026) · Journal of Craniofacial Surgery · doi:10.1097/scs.0000000000013470
- Authors
- Shonka, D. C., & Park, S. S.
- Affiliations
- University of Virginia Health System (US)
- Corresponding author
- Park, Stephen S.
- ORCID
- Shonka, David C.
- Venue
- Facial Plastic Surgery Clinics of North America
- Publisher
- Elsevier BV
- Published
- 2009-08
- Volume
- 17
- Issue
- 3
- Pages
- 429-443
- ISSN
- 1064-7406 (ISSN-L)
- OpenAlex
- W4232316418
- Cited by
- 61
- References
- 65
- Citations by year
- 2026: 1 · 2025: 7 · 2024: 8 · 2023: 10 · 2022: 3 · 2021: 5 · 2020: 4 · 2018: 3 · 2017: 3 · 2016: 3 · 2014: 2 · 2013: 5 · 2012: 2
- FWCI
- 0.32
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Locations
- Facial Plastic Surgery Clinics of North America (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Topics
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Surgery › Reconstructive Facial Surgery Techniques
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Surgery › Reconstructive Surgery and Microvascular Techniques
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Genetics › Congenital Ear and Nasal Anomalies
- Keywords
- auricular defects, ear reconstruction, auricle, skin cancer, composite defects, full-thickness defects, repair algorithm
- MeSH terms
- Ear, External, Esthetics, Female, Humans, Male, Rhinoplasty, Skin Neoplasms, Surgical Flaps, Wound Healing, Skin Transplantation, Treatment Outcome, Risk Assessment, Plastic Surgery Procedures, Ear Auricle
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.
What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›
Are you an author, or do you see a problem with this page? Request a review