A comparative analysis of the locomotory systems of medusoid Cnidaria
Open accessIntegrity signals
Registry
Cites
Statistics
Claims the paper makes
Claims other papers make about this one
Each is checked against this paper’s own text: does it say what the citing paper says it does?
Prevalent analytical models of jellyfish swimming have been based on hydrozoan jellyfish traits, which use jet propulsion, rather than scyphozoan jellyfish, which use paddling propulsion.
“prevalent analytical models of jellyfish swimming have been based on the swimming traits of hydrozoan jellyfish which utilize jet propulsion, rather than scyphozoan jellyfish which utilize paddling propulsive methods.”
From Measurements and modeling of swimming speed dependence on stroke frequency in scyphozoan jellyfish (2026) · cites this paper as [19]
Cites
Structure and function in the nervous systems of invertebrates
Bullock, T. H., Horridge, G. A., Bern, H. A., Hagedorn, I. R., & Smith, J. E. (1965) · Cited by 1,042 · see citing works
Synopsis of the Medusae of the World
Kramp, P. L. (1961) · Journal of the Marine Biological Association of the United Kingdom · doi:10.1017/s0025315400007347 · Cited by 725 · see citing works
(1940) · Andalas University Repository (Andalas University) · Cited by 591 · see citing works
Rees, W. J. (1965) · Nature · doi:10.1038/207359a0 · Cited by 213 · see citing works
Essentials of Practical Microtechnique
Richards, O. W., Galigher, A. E., & Kozloff, E. M. (1965) · Transactions of the American Microscopical Society · doi:10.2307/3224301 · Cited by 203 · see citing works
Das Nervensystem und die Sinnesorgane der Medusen
Hertwig, O., & von Hertwig, R. K. W. T. (1878) · Cited by 101 · see citing works
Structure and function of the locomotory system ofPolyorchis montereyensis (Cnidaria, Hydrozoa)
Gladfelter, W. B. (1972) · Helgoland Marine Research · doi:10.1007/bf01616310 · Cited by 81 · see citing works
Self-citationConnective Tissue Mechanics ofMetridium Senile: I. Structural and Compositional Aspects
Gosline, J. M. (1971) · Journal of Experimental Biology · doi:10.1242/jeb.55.3.763 · Cited by 72 · see citing works
OBSERVATIONS AND EXPERIMENTS ON THE PHYSIOLOGY OF MEDUSAE
Hyman, L. H. (1940) · Biological Bulletin · doi:10.2307/1537823 · Cited by 69 · see citing works
Analysis of locomotion in a siphonophore colony
Mackie, G. O. (1964) · Proceedings of the Royal Society B Biological Sciences · doi:10.1098/rspb.1964.0008 · Cited by 66 · see citing works
Structure and function of the locomotory system of the Scyphomedusa Cyanea capillata
Gladfelter, W. B. (1972) · Marine Biology · doi:10.1007/bf00373214 · Cited by 42 · see citing works
Self-citationThe Invertebrates: Protozoa through Ctenophora
Goodrich, A. L., & Hyman, L. H. (1940) · Transactions of the American Microscopical Society · doi:10.2307/3222517 · Cited by 38 · see citing works
Studies of the Mesogloea of Coelenterates: I. Histology and Chemical Properties
Chapman, G. (1953) · Journal of Cell Science · doi:10.1242/jcs.s3-94.26.155 · Cited by 34 · see citing works
A New Type of Muscle Cell from the Subumbrella of <i>Obelia</i>
Chapman, D. M. (1968) · Journal of the Marine Biological Association of the United Kingdom · doi:10.1017/s0025315400019226 · Cited by 20 · see citing works
The Histology of the Musculature of Gonionemus
Fraser, L. A. (1962) · Transactions of the American Microscopical Society · doi:10.2307/3224047 · Cited by 4 · see citing works
Flagged first, then by citations
3 of the 18 references couldn’t be matched to a known paper.
Cited by
Sorted by citations
A tissue-engineered jellyfish with biomimetic propulsion
Nawroth, J. C., Lee, H., Feinberg, A. W., Ripplinger, C. M., McCain, M. L., Grosberg, A., Dabiri, J. O., & Parker, K. K. (2012) · Nature Biotechnology · doi:10.1038/nbt.2269 · Cited by 647 · see citing works
Flow patterns generated by oblate medusan jellyfish: field measurements and laboratory analyses
Dabiri, J. O., Colin, S. P., Costello, J. H., & Gharib, M. (2005) · Journal of Experimental Biology · doi:10.1242/jeb.01519 · Cited by 238 · see citing works
Morphology, swimming performance and propulsive mode of six co-occurring hydromedusae
Colin, S. P., & Costello, J. H. (2002) · Journal of Experimental Biology · doi:10.1242/jeb.205.3.427 · Cited by 172 · see citing works
McHenry, M. J., & Jed, J. (2003) · Journal of Experimental Biology · doi:10.1242/jeb.00649 · Cited by 157 · see citing works
Medusan morphospace: phylogenetic constraints, biomechanical solutions, and ecological consequences
Costello, J. H., Colin, S. P., & Dabiri, J. O. (2008) · Invertebrate Biology · doi:10.1111/j.1744-7410.2008.00126.x · Cited by 142 · see citing works
The Hydrodynamics of Jellyfish Swimming.
Costello, J. H., Colin, S. P., Dabiri, J. O., Gemmell, B. J., Lucas, K. N., & Sutherland, K. R. (2021) · Annual Review of Marine Science · doi:10.1146/annurev-marine-031120-091442 · Cited by 131 · see citing works
Central Neural Circuitry in the Jellyfish <i>Aglantha</i>
Mackie, G. O. (2004) · Neurosignals · doi:10.1159/000076155 · Cited by 128 · see citing works
Faking Giants: The Evolution of High Prey Clearance Rates in Jellyfishes
Acuña, J. L., López-Urrutia, Á., & Colin, S. (2011) · Science · doi:10.1126/science.1205134 · Cited by 126 · see citing works
Neuronal control of swimming in jellyfish: a comparative story
Satterlie, R. A. (2002) · Canadian Journal of Zoology · doi:10.1139/z02-132 · Cited by 125 · see citing works
Aspects of jet propulsion in salps
Madin, L. P. (1990) · Canadian Journal of Zoology · doi:10.1139/z90-111 · Cited by 113 · see citing works
Cost of locomotion: unsteady medusan swimming
Daniel, T. L. (1985) · Journal of Experimental Biology · doi:10.1242/jeb.119.1.149 · Cited by 91 · see citing works
Diversity of swimming behavior in hydromedusae as related to feeding and utilization of space
Mills, C. E. (1981) · Marine Biology · doi:10.1007/bf00397107 · Cited by 80 · see citing works
Low-power microelectronics embedded in live jellyfish enhance propulsion
Xu, N. W., & Dabiri, J. O. (2020) · Science Advances · doi:10.1126/sciadv.aaz3194 · Cited by 77 · see citing works
Megill, W., Gosline, J. M., & Blake, R. W. (2005) · Journal of Experimental Biology · doi:10.1242/jeb.01765 · Cited by 69 · see citing works
In situ swimming and feeding behavior of eight co-occurring hydromedusae
Colin, S. P., Costello, J. H., & Klos, E. G. (2003) · Marine Ecology Progress Series · doi:10.3354/meps253305 · Cited by 69 · see citing works
Buffering by buckling as a route for elastic deformation
Vella, D. (2019) · Nature Reviews Physics · doi:10.1038/s42254-019-0063-1 · Cited by 67 · see citing works
Pinch-off of non-axisymmetric vortex rings
O’Farrell, C., & Dabiri, J. O. (2014) · Journal of Fluid Mechanics · doi:10.1017/jfm.2013.639 · Cited by 63 · see citing works
Bilaterally symmetrical rhopalial nervous system of the box jellyfish Tripedalia cystophora
Skogh, C., Garm, A. L., Nilsson, D., & Ekström, P. (2006) · Journal of Morphology · doi:10.1002/jmor.10472 · Cited by 62 · see citing works
From single neurons to behavior in the jellyfish Aurelia aurita
Pallasdies, F., Goedeke, S., Braun, W., & Memmesheimer, R.-M. (2019) · eLife · doi:10.7554/elife.50084 · Cited by 54 · see citing works
Efficient kinematics for jet-propelled swimming
Alben, S., Miller, L. A., & Peng, J. (2013) · Journal of Fluid Mechanics · doi:10.1017/jfm.2013.434 · Cited by 52 · see citing works
Orientation and swimming mechanics by the scyphomedusa Aurelia sp. in shear flow
Rakow, K. C., & Graham, W. M. (2006) · Limnology and Oceanography · doi:10.4319/lo.2006.51.2.1097 · Cited by 52 · see citing works
Frequency tuning in animal locomotion
Ahlborn, B., Blake, R. W., & Megill, W. (2006) · Zoology · doi:10.1016/j.zool.2005.11.001 · Cited by 49 · see citing works
Propulsion in Cubomedusae: Mechanisms and Utility
Colin, S. P., Costello, J. H., Katija, K., Seymour, J., & Kiefer, K. (2013) · PLoS ONE · doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0056393 · Cited by 46 · see citing works
Cubomedusae: Feeding — Functional Morphology, Behavior and Phylogenetic Position
Larson, R. J. (1976) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-1-4757-9724-4_25 · Cited by 43 · see citing works
Swim pacemakers in box jellyfish are modulated by the visual input
Garm, A. L., & Bielecki, J. (2008) · Journal of Comparative Physiology A · doi:10.1007/s00359-008-0336-0 · Cited by 40 · see citing works
Gershwin, L., & Collins, A. G. (2002) · Journal of Natural History · doi:10.1080/00222930010003819 · Cited by 38 · see citing works
Visual control of steering in the box jellyfishTripedalia cystophora
Petie, R., Garm, A. L., & Nilsson, D. (2011) · Journal of Experimental Biology · doi:10.1242/jeb.057190 · Cited by 37 · see citing works
Muscle Organization of the Cubozoan JellyfishTripedalia cystophoraConant 1897
Satterlie, R. A., Thomas, K. S., & Gray, G. C. (2005) · Biological Bulletin · doi:10.2307/3593133 · Cited by 33 · see citing works
Why do cubomedusae have only four swim pacemakers?
Satterlie, R. A., & Nolen, T. G. (2001) · Journal of Experimental Biology · doi:10.1242/jeb.204.8.1413 · Cited by 33 · see citing works
Organization of the Ectodermal Nervous Structures in Medusae: Cubomedusae
Eichinger, J. M., & Satterlie, R. A. (2014) · Biological Bulletin · doi:10.1086/bblv226n1p41 · Cited by 32 · see citing works
Shorten, M., Davenport, J., Seymour, J. E., Cross, M. C., Carrette, T., Woodward, G., & Cross, T. F. (2005) · Journal of Zoology · doi:10.1017/s0952836905007600 · Cited by 32 · see citing works
In SituForaging and Feeding Behaviour of Narcomedusae (Cnidaria: Hydrozoa)
Larson, R. J., Mills, C. E., & Harbison, G. R. (1989) · Journal of the Marine Biological Association of the United Kingdom · doi:10.1017/s002531540003215x · Cited by 28 · see citing works
Taxonomy and phylogeny of Australian cubozoa
Gershwin, L. (2026) · ResearchOnline - JCU (James Cook University) · doi:10.25903/6b6r-bq97 · Cited by 24 · see citing works
Blough, T., Colin, S. P., Costello, J. H., & Marques, A. C. (2011) · Biological Bulletin · doi:10.1086/bblv220n1p6 · Cited by 20 · see citing works
Possible propulsion modes in Graptoloidea: a new model for graptoloid locomotion
Melchin, M. J., & DeMont, M. E. (1995) · Paleobiology · doi:10.1017/s0094837300013105 · Cited by 18 · see citing works
Locomotion of Soft Bodied Animals
DeMont, M. E. (1992) · Advances in comparative and environmental physiology · doi:10.1007/978-3-642-76693-0_6 · Cited by 18 · see citing works
Factors effecting manubrium-regeneration in hydromedusae (Coelenterata)
Schmid, V. J., Schmid, B. P., Schneider, B., Stidwill, R. P., & Baker, G. T. (1976) · Development Genes and Evolution · doi:10.1007/bf00857639 · Cited by 17 · see citing works
The biomechanics of jellyfish swimming
Megill, W. (2009) · cIRcle (University of British Columbia) · doi:10.14288/1.0090697 · Cited by 17 · see citing works
Setting the Pace: New Insights into Central Pattern Generator Interactions in Box Jellyfish Swimming
Stöckl, A., Petie, R., & Nilsson, D. (2011) · PLoS ONE · doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0027201 · Cited by 16 · see citing works
The search for ancestral nervous systems: an integrative and comparative approach
Satterlie, R. A. (2015) · Journal of Experimental Biology · doi:10.1242/jeb.110387 · Cited by 15 · see citing works
Kinematic properties of the jellyfish Aurelia sp.
Bajcar, T., Malačič, V., Malej, A., & Širok, B. (2008) · Hydrobiologia · doi:10.1007/s10750-008-9589-4 · Cited by 13 · see citing works
von Montfort, G. M., Costello, J. H., Colin, S. P., Morandini, A. C., Migotto, Á. E., Maronna, M. M., Reginato, M., Miyake, H., & Nagata, R. M. (2023) · Scientific Reports · doi:10.1038/s41598-023-34927-w · Cited by 12 · see citing works
Giant nerve axons and escape swimming in Amphogona apicata with notes on other hydromedusae
Mills, C. E., Mackie, G. O., & Singla, C. L. (1985) · Canadian Journal of Zoology · doi:10.1139/z85-328 · Cited by 12 · see citing works
Petie, R., Garm, A. L., & Nilsson, D. (2012) · Hydrobiologia · doi:10.1007/s10750-012-1345-0 · Cited by 10 · see citing works
Comparative Biomechanics: The Jellyfish Paradox Resolved
McHenry, M. J. (2007) · Current Biology · doi:10.1016/j.cub.2007.06.027 · Cited by 10 · see citing works
Multiple Conducting Systems in the Cubomedusa Carybdea marsupialis
Satterlie, R. A. (2014) · Biological Bulletin · doi:10.1086/bblv227n3p274 · Cited by 9 · see citing works
Unsteady two-dimensional jet with flexible flaps at the channel exit
Das, P., Govardhan, R. N., & Arakeri, J. H. (2018) · Journal of Fluid Mechanics · doi:10.1017/jfm.2018.230 · Cited by 9 · see citing works
Diversity of Swimming Behaviors in Hydromedusae as Related to Feeding and Utilization of Space
Harbor, F. (1981) · Cited by 9 · see citing works
The Electrophysiology of Swimming in the Jellyfish Aglantha digitale
Meech, R. W. (1989) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-1-4899-0921-3_20 · Cited by 8 · see citing works
The hazardous effects of formalin and alcoholic fixative in mice: A public health perspective study
Rezoana, R., Akter, L., Islam, R., Bhakta, S., Ayman, U., Karim, M. R., & Haque, Z. (2022) · Saudi Journal of Biological Sciences · doi:10.1016/j.sjbs.2022.02.019 · Cited by 7 · see citing works
Velarium control and visual steering in box jellyfish
Petie, R., Garm, A. L., & Nilsson, D. (2013) · Journal of Comparative Physiology A · doi:10.1007/s00359-013-0795-9 · Cited by 6 · see citing works
Two swimming modes in Trachymedusae; bell kinematics and the role of giant axons
Meech, M. E., Mills, C. E., Haddock, S. H. D., & Meech, R. W. (2021) · Journal of Experimental Biology · doi:10.1242/jeb.239830 · Cited by 5 · see citing works
Kinematic properties of the jellyfish Aurelia sp
Bajcar, T., Malačič, V., Malej, A., & Širok, B. (2008) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-1-4020-9749-2_20 · Cited by 4 · see citing works
Meech, R. W. (2016) · Wiley eBooks · doi:10.1002/9781118316757.ch5 · Cited by 4 · see citing works
Meech, R. W. (2022) · Journal of Experimental Biology · doi:10.1242/jeb.243382 · Cited by 3 · see citing works
Impulse conduction in the jellyfish Aglantha digitale
Meech, R. W. (2004) · Hydrobiologia · doi:10.1007/s10750-004-2670-8 · Cited by 3 · see citing works
Kass‐Simon, G., & Hufnagel, L. A. (2015) · Wiley eBooks · doi:10.1002/9781118828502.ch11 · Cited by 4 · see citing works
A Combined Rigid-Soft Thruster Based on Jetting Propulsion
Stoeffler, C., Río, A. D., Sonntag, R., Hoffmann, F., Kumar, S., & Kirchner, F. (2023) · IEEE International Conference on Soft Robotics (RoboSoft) · doi:10.1109/robosoft55895.2023.10122055 · Cited by 2 · see citing works
Measurements and modeling of swimming speed dependence on stroke frequency in scyphozoan jellyfish
Yoder, N. K., & Dabiri, J. O. (2026) · arXiv · doi:10.48550/arxiv.2604.14491
“These were two of the jellyfish used in developing previous analytical models of jellyfish swimming [17–19].”
An Investigation of Muscle Stresses in Swimming Hydromedusae
Lipinski, D., & Mohseni, K. (2009) · doi:10.1115/fedsm2009-78328
CUBOMEDUSAE: FEEDING - FUNCTIONAL MORPHOLOGY, BEHAVIOR AND
Larson, R. J. (1976)
Data compilation of jellyfish swimming velocities
Acuña, J. L., López‐Urrutia, Á., & Colin, S. P. (2014) · Figshare · doi:10.1594/pangaea.832245
Shape-Based Morphoelasticity for Jellyfish Regeneration
Rizkallah, P., Joanny, J., & Amar, M. B. (2026) · Physical Review Letters · doi:10.1103/9wv9-359m
Comparative analysis of the neural and muscle systems in the subumbrella of hydrozoan jellyfishPreprint
Norekian, T. P., & Moroz, L. L. (2026) · bioRxiv (Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory) · doi:10.64898/2026.08.30.748097
- Authors
- Gladfelter, W. G.
- Corresponding author
- Gladfelter, W. G.
- Venue
- Helgoländer Wissenschaftliche Meeresuntersuchungen
- Published
- 1973-09
- Volume
- 25
- Issue
- 2-3
- Pages
- 228-272
- ISSN
- 0174-3597 (ISSN-L)
- 0017-9957
- 1438-3888
- OpenAlex
- W1497725375
- Cited by
- 62
- References
- 18
- Citations by year
- 2026: 3 · 2023: 2 · 2022: 2 · 2021: 1 · 2020: 2 · 2019: 2 · 2018: 1 · 2016: 1 · 2015: 2 · 2014: 3 · 2013: 3 · 2012: 2
- FWCI
- 2.28
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- bronze
- doi.org
- Licence
- www.springer.com/tdm (tdm)
- Locations
- Helgoland Marine Research (publishedVersion)
- Funders
- Johns Hopkins University
- Topics
- Physical Sciences › Earth and Planetary Sciences › Paleontology › Marine Invertebrate Physiology and Ecology
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Urology › Comparative Animal Anatomy Studies
- Life Sciences › Agricultural and Biological Sciences › Aquatic Science › Echinoderm biology and ecology
- Keywords
- Cnidaria, Hydrozoa, Scyphozoa, Anthozoa, mesoglea, swimming muscle, soft palate, joint systems, Cyanea capillata, comparative anatomy
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.
What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›
Are you an author, or do you see a problem with this page? Request a review