Ischemic colitis

Gandhi, Sanjiv K.; Hanson, Morin M.; Vernava, Anthony M.; Kaminski, Donald L.; Longo, Walter E.

doi:10.1007/bf02048275

Cited by 234Abdominal vascular conditions and treatmentsAortic Thrombus and EmbolismGastrointestinal disorders and treatments

Ischemic colitis

Gandhi, Sanjiv K., Hanson, Morin M., Vernava, Anthony M., Kaminski, Donald L., Longo, Walter E.·1996·Diseases of the Colon & Rectum

DOI 10.1007/bf02048275

Open this paper in CoChat — free account

Abstract

Ischemic colitis represents the most common form of gastrointestinal ischemia. The presumed etiologies are numerous; however, it typically develops "spontaneously," in the absence of major vasculature occlusion, and in the presence of viable intestine elsewhere. It is most usefully classified into gangrenous and nongangrenous forms, the latter of which may be subdivided into transient and chronic types. Ischemic colitis may develop in people who are otherwise healthy, although a variety of clinical settings, such as shock, predispose to its occurrence. It usually presents as an acute abdominal illness with bloody diarrhea. Diagnosis is confirmed by colonoscopy. Therapy and outcome are dependent on the severity of disease. Nongangrenous colonic ischemia usually requires only medical management and is associated with a good prognosis. The chronic subtype may lead to the sequelae of persistent segmental colitis or colonic strictures, occasionally requiring surgery. Urgent operative intervention and a high morbidity and mortality are the hallmarks of gangrenous colonic ischemia. Special considerations must be given to those patients in whom ischemic colitis develops in the context of colon carcinoma or obstructing colon lesions, after abdominal aortic surgery, and following cardiopulmonary bypass. This review will discuss the clinical spectrum of ischemic colitis.

Integrity signals

Registry

Crossref · 10.1007/bf02048275

Cites

63 of 63 references verified0 citation errors · 0 not checkable

Statistics

Recomputing p-values needs the paper’s full text.

Claims the paper makes

This paper’s full text isn’t openly available, so its claims and self-check weren’t run. The registry and citation checks still apply.

Claims other papers make about this one

Each is checked against this paper’s own text: does it say what the citing paper says it does?

CI can affect any part of the colon but the left colon is involved in two-third of cases.
“CI can affect any part of the colon but the left colon is involved in two-third of cases[31].”
From Ischemic bowel disease in 2021. (2021) · cites this paper as [31]

Ischaemic colitis.
Marston, A., Pheils, M. T., Thomas, M. L., & Morson, B. C. (1966) · Gut · doi:10.1136/gut.7.1.1 · Cited by 419 · see citing works
Release of vasoactive substances during cardiopulmonary bypass
Downing, S. W., & Edmunds, L. H. (1992) · The Annals of Thoracic Surgery · doi:10.1016/0003-4975(92)90113-i · Cited by 325 · see citing works
Prediction of the Development of Sigmoid Ischemia on the Day of Aortic Operations
Fiddian-Green, R. G. (1986) · Archives of Surgery · doi:10.1001/archsurg.1986.01400060048005 · Cited by 207 · see citing works
Ischemic disorders of the intestines
Boley, S. J., Brandt, L. J., & Veith, F. J. (1978) · Current Problems in Surgery · doi:10.1016/s0011-3840(78)80018-5 · Cited by 201 · see citing works
Ischemic colitis
Longo, W. E., Ballantyne, G. H., & Gusberg, R. J. (1992) · Diseases of the Colon & Rectum · doi:10.1007/bf02050319 · Cited by 188 · see citing works
Self-citation
BLOOD SUPPLY OF THE LARGE INTESTINE
STEWARD, J. A. (1933) · Archives of Surgery · doi:10.1001/archsurg.1933.01170050113008 · Cited by 183 · see citing works
Colitis: use of CT findings in differential diagnosis.
Philpotts, L. E., Heiken, J. P., Westcott, M. A., & Gore, R. M. (1994) · Radiology · doi:10.1148/radiology.190.2.8284397 · Cited by 179 · see citing works
Colonic Ischemia
Brandt, L. J., & Boley, S. J. (1992) · Surgical Clinics of North America · doi:10.1016/s0039-6109(16)45635-5 · Cited by 168 · see citing works
Gastrointestinal complications in 4473 patients who underwent cardiopulmonary bypass surgery
Huddy, S. P. J., Joyce, W. P., & Pepper, J. (1991) · British journal of surgery · doi:10.1002/bjs.1800780309 · Cited by 126 · see citing works
The variant blood supply to the descending colon, rectosigmoid and rectum based on 400 dissections. Its importance in regional resections
Michels, N. A., Siddharth, P., Kornblith, P. L., et al. (1965) · Diseases of the Colon & Rectum · doi:10.1007/bf02617894 · Cited by 124 · see citing works
Mortality from ischemic colitis
Guttormson, N. L., & Bubrick, M. P. (1989) · Diseases of the Colon & Rectum · doi:10.1007/bf02554499 · Cited by 123 · see citing works
Collateral mesenteric circulation.
Fisher, D. F., & Wj, F. (1987) · PubMed · Cited by 108 · see citing works
Incidence of ischemic colitis following abdominal aortic reconstruction.
Pf, H., Cb, E., & Griffen, W. O. (1979) · PubMed · Cited by 106 · see citing works
Anatomy of the Splanchnic Circulation
Kornblith, P. L., Boley, S. J., & Whitehouse, B. S. (1992) · Surgical Clinics of North America · doi:10.1016/s0039-6109(16)45625-2 · Cited by 105 · see citing works
Acute ischaemic colitis in a female long distance runner.
Heer, M., Repond, F., Hany, A., Sulser, H., Kehl, O., & Jäger, K. (1987) · Gut · doi:10.1136/gut.28.7.896 · Cited by 103 · see citing works
Ischemic Colitis
Williams, L. F., & WITTENBERG, J. (1975) · Annals of Surgery · doi:10.1097/00000658-197510000-00009 · Cited by 99 · see citing works
Acute mesenteric ischemia after cardiopulmonary bypass
Allen, K. B., Salam, A. A., & Lumsden, A. B. (1992) · Journal of Vascular Surgery · doi:10.1016/0741-5214(92)90372-f · Cited by 95 · see citing works
The Right Colon as a Target Organ of Nonocclusive Mesenteric Ischemia
Landreneau, R. J. (1990) · Archives of Surgery · doi:10.1001/archsurg.1990.01410170037007 · Cited by 93 · see citing works
Mesenteric ischemia
Schneider, T. A., Longo, W. E., Ure, T., & Vernava, A. M. (1994) · Diseases of the Colon & Rectum · doi:10.1007/bf02049824 · Cited by 89 · see citing works
Self-citation
Gastrointestinal Complications After Cardiac Surgery
Welling, R. E. (1986) · Archives of Surgery · doi:10.1001/archsurg.1986.01400100090017 · Cited by 88 · see citing works
COLONIC ULCERATION PROXIMAL TO OBSTRUCTING CARCINOMA.
Glotzer, D. J., Roth, S., & Welch, C. (1964) · PubMed · Cited by 86 · see citing works
Carbon dioxide and room air insufflation of the colon
Brandt, L. J., Boley, S. J., & Sammartano, R. J. (1986) · Gastrointestinal Endoscopy · doi:10.1016/s0016-5107(86)71876-2 · Cited by 82 · see citing works
Routine reimplantation of patent inferior mesenteric arteries limits colon infarction after aortic reconstruction
Seeger, J. M., Coe, D. A., Kaelin, L. D., et al. (1992) · Journal of Vascular Surgery · doi:10.1016/0741-5214(92)90008-v · Cited by 79 · see citing works
A prospective study of clinically and endoscopically documented colonic ischemia in 100 patients undergoing aortic reconstructive surgery with aggressive colonic and direct pelvic revascularization, compared with historic controls.
Zelenock, G. B., Strodel, W. E., Knol, J. A., Messina, L. M., Wakefield, T. W., Lindenauer, S. M., Eckhauser, F. E., Greenfield, L. J., & Stanley, J. C. (1989) · PubMed · Cited by 75 · see citing works
Left Colon Ischemia Complicating Aorto-Iliac Reconstruction
Ottinger, L. W. (1972) · Archives of Surgery · doi:10.1001/archsurg.1972.04180120022006 · Cited by 72 · see citing works
Ischaemic colitis: two distinct patterns of severity.
Róbert, J., Mentha, G., & Rohner, A. (1993) · Gut · doi:10.1136/gut.34.1.4 · Cited by 71 · see citing works
Ischemic Colitis
Bower, T. C. (1993) · Surgical Clinics of North America · doi:10.1016/s0039-6109(16)46139-6 · Cited by 67 · see citing works
Acute mesenteric ischemia after cardiopulmonary bypass
Gennaro, M., Ascer, E., Matano, R., Jacobowitz, I. J., Cunningham, J. N., & Uceda, P. V. (1993) · The American Journal of Surgery · doi:10.1016/s0002-9610(05)81062-1 · Cited by 66 · see citing works
ISCHEMIC BOWEL DISEASE
Scholz, F. J. (1993) · Radiologic Clinics of North America · doi:10.1016/s0033-8389(22)00316-5 · Cited by 64 · see citing works
The Role of Intravenous Fluorescein in the Detection of Colon Ischemia During Aortic Reconstruction
Bergman, R., Gloviczki, P., Welch, T. J., Naessens, J. M., Bower, T. C., Hallett, J. W., Pairolero, P. C., & Cherry, K. J. (1992) · Annals of Vascular Surgery · doi:10.1007/bf02000672 · Cited by 58 · see citing works
Ischemic Colitis Complicating Sickle Cell Crisis
Gage, T. P., & Gagnier, J. M. (1983) · Gastroenterology · doi:10.1016/s0016-5085(83)80183-8 · Cited by 57 · see citing works
Ischemic Colitis Following Repair of Ruptured Abdominal Aortic Aneurysm
Welling, R. E. (1985) · Archives of Surgery · doi:10.1001/archsurg.1985.01390360034008 · Cited by 57 · see citing works
Colon Infarction After Ruptured Abdominal Aortic Aneurysm
Meissner, M. H. (1992) · Archives of Surgery · doi:10.1001/archsurg.1992.01420080113019 · Cited by 55 · see citing works
Nonocclusive Mesenteric Ischemia
Brandt, L. J., & Boley, S. J. (1991) · Annual Review of Medicine · doi:10.1146/annurev.me.42.020191.000543 · Cited by 53 · see citing works
Histopathologic evidence of reperfusion injury in the large colon of horses after low-flow ischemia
Moore, R. M., Bertone, A. L., Muir, W. W., et al. (1994) · American Journal of Veterinary Research · doi:10.2460/ajvr.1994.55.10.1434 · Cited by 52 · see citing works
Gangrenous ischemic colitis of the rectum: a rare complication of systemic lupus erythematosus.
Reissman, P., Weiss, E. G., Teoh, T. A., Lucas, F. V., & Wexner, S. D. (1994) · PubMed · Cited by 51 · see citing works
Some Points Relating to the Surgical Anatomy of the Arterial Supply of the Large Intestine
Drummond, H. (1914) · Proceedings of the Royal Society of Medicine · doi:10.1177/003591571400702042 · Cited by 49 · see citing works
Segmental Ischemic Colitis Associated with Nonsteroidal Antiinflammatory drugs
Carratùu, R., Parisi, P. S., & Agozzino, A. (1993) · Journal of Clinical Gastroenterology · doi:10.1097/00004836-199301000-00009 · Cited by 45 · see citing works
Ischemic colitis
Abel, M. E., & Russell, T. (1983) · Diseases of the Colon & Rectum · doi:10.1007/bf02562588 · Cited by 45 · see citing works
Current Surgical Therapy--2
Zakov, Z. N., & Broughan, T. A. (1987) · Cleveland Clinic Journal of Medicine · doi:10.3949/ccjm.54.1.64 · Cited by 44 · see citing works
Amyloidosis of the colon presenting as ischemic colitis: A case report and review of the literature
Trinh, T. D., Jones, B., & Fishman, E. K. (1991) · Abdominal Imaging · doi:10.1007/bf01887327 · Cited by 42 · see citing works
Ischemic colitis in young adult patients
Barcewicz, P. A., & Welch, J. P. (1980) · Diseases of the Colon & Rectum · doi:10.1007/bf02587607 · Cited by 35 · see citing works
Ischaemic colitis as a complication of colonoscopy.
Wheeldon, N. M., & Grundman, M. J. (1990) · BMJ · doi:10.1136/bmj.301.6760.1080 · Cited by 33 · see citing works
Subtotal Colectomy following Marathon Running in a Female Patient
Beaumont, A. C., & TEARE, J. P. (1991) · Journal of the Royal Society of Medicine · doi:10.1177/014107689108400723 · Cited by 31 · see citing works
Ischaemic Colitis
Price, A. B. (1990) · Current topics in pathology · doi:10.1007/978-3-642-74662-8_10 · Cited by 31 · see citing works
Pseudo-obstruction associated with colonic ischemia: successful management with colonoscopic decompression.
Fiorito, J. J., Schoen, R. E., & Lj, B. (1991) · PubMed · Cited by 29 · see citing works
Premarin-Induced Ischemic Colitis
Gürbüz, A. K., Gurbuz, B., Salas, L., Rosenshein, N. B., Donowitz, M., & Giardiello, F. M. (1994) · Journal of Clinical Gastroenterology · doi:10.1097/00004836-199409000-00006 · Cited by 28 · see citing works
Characterization of the hemodynamic and metabolic alterations in the large colon of horses during low-flow ischemia and reperfusion
Moore, R. M., Muir, W. W., Bertone, A. L., et al. (1994) · American Journal of Veterinary Research · doi:10.2460/ajvr.1994.55.10.1444 · Cited by 28 · see citing works
Comparison of transient ischemic colitis with that requiring surgical treatment.
Br, W., RAY, J. E., & Jb, G. (1980) · PubMed · Cited by 26 · see citing works
Colorectal infarction following resection of abdominal aortic aneurysms
Launer, D. P., Miscall, B. G., & Beil, A. R. (1978) · Diseases of the Colon & Rectum · doi:10.1007/bf02586409 · Cited by 25 · see citing works
Acute Colitis Associated with Prolonged Administration of Neuroleptics
Larrey, D. G., Lainey, E., Blanc, P., et al. (1992) · Journal of Clinical Gastroenterology · doi:10.1097/00004836-199201000-00016 · Cited by 22 · see citing works
Ischaemic colitis and immune complexes during gold therapy for rheumatoid arthritis.
Wright, A., Benfield, G. F. A., & Felix-Davies, D. D. (1984) · Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases · doi:10.1136/ard.43.3.495 · Cited by 19 · see citing works
Ischaemic colitis in systemic lupus erythematosus--report of a case and review of the literature.
Ms, H., Lb, T., & Goh, H. S. (1987) · PubMed · Cited by 19 · see citing works
Ischaemic colitis in association with sigmoid carcinoma: A report of two cases
Halligan, S., Saunders, B. P., Thomas, B. M., & Phillips, R. K. S. (1994) · Clinical Radiology · doi:10.1016/s0009-9260(05)81772-6 · Cited by 17 · see citing works
Intestinal ischemia after aortic surgery.
Porcellini, M., Renda, A., Selvetella, L., Bernardo, B., & Baldassarre, M. (1996) · PubMed · Cited by 17 · see citing works
Massive intestinal infarction following multiple injury
Renton, C. J. C. (1967) · British journal of surgery · doi:10.1002/bjs.1800540520 · Cited by 15 · see citing works
Total colonic ischemia
WELCH, G. H., Shearer, M. G., IMRIE, C. W., et al. (1986) · Diseases of the Colon & Rectum · doi:10.1007/bf02555062 · Cited by 15 · see citing works
Ischaemic colitis and colorectal cancer: some problems and pitfalls
Seow‐Choen, F., Chua, T. L., & Goh, H. S. (1993) · International Journal of Colorectal Disease · doi:10.1007/bf00290308 · Cited by 13 · see citing works
Evidence of free radical (FR) involvement in ischemic colitis
Douglas, D. M., RUSSELL, J. C., Gören, D., et al. (1989) · Inflammation Research · doi:10.1007/bf01972844 · Cited by 12 · see citing works
Clinical Features of Nongangrenous Ischemic Colitis
Iida, M., Matsui, T., Fuchigami, T., et al. (1986) · Journal of Clinical Gastroenterology · doi:10.1097/00004836-198612000-00009 · Cited by 11 · see citing works
TRANSIENT ISCHAEMIC COLITIS IN YOUNG ADULTS
Judge, J. S., Hoffman, N. E., & Levitt, M. D. (1994) · Australian and New Zealand Journal of Surgery · doi:10.1111/j.1445-2197.1994.tb02065.x · Cited by 5 · see citing works
Post-traumatic, delayed rupture of the colon without identifiable cause
Young, T. B. (1985) · Injury · doi:10.1016/0020-1383(85)90138-x · Cited by 4 · see citing works
ISCHAEMIC COLITIS AS A COMPLICATION OF LEFT‐SIDED LARGE BOWEL OBSTRUCTION: A CASE REPORT
Scott, B., & Isbister, W. H. (1991) · Australian and New Zealand Journal of Surgery · doi:10.1111/j.1445-2197.1991.tb00130.x · Cited by 3 · see citing works

Flagged first, then by citations

Sorted by citations

Ischemic colitis: Clinical practice in diagnosis and treatment
Theodoropoulou, Α., & Κoutroubakis, I. E. (2008) · World Journal of Gastroenterology · doi:10.3748/wjg.14.7302 · Cited by 265 · see citing works
Occurrence of Colon Ischemia in Relation to Irritable Bowel Syndrome
Cole, J. A., Cook, S. F., Sands, B. E., Ajene, A. N., Miller, D. P., & Walker, A. M. (2004) · American Journal of Gastroenterology · doi:10.1111/j.1572-0241.2004.04097.x · Cited by 121 · see citing works
Endoscopic Findings and Clinicopathologic Characteristics of Ischemic Colitis: A Report of 85 Cases
Zou, X., Cao, J., Yao, Y., Liu, W., & Chen, L. (2009) · Digestive Diseases and Sciences · doi:10.1007/s10620-008-0579-1 · Cited by 115 · see citing works
Ischemic bowel disease in 2021.
Ahmed, M. (2021) · World Journal of Gastroenterology · doi:10.3748/wjg.v27.i29.4746 · Cited by 77 · see citing works
Ischemic Colitis
Mohanapriya, T., Singh, K. B., Arulappan, T., & Shobhana, R. (2012) · Indian Journal of Surgery · doi:10.1007/s12262-012-0425-8 · Cited by 16 · see citing works
Right-Side Colon Ischemia: Clinical Features, Large Visceral Artery Occlusion, and Long-Term Follow-Up
Longstreth, G. F., & Hye, R. J. (2015) · The Permanente Journal · doi:10.7812/tpp/15-024 · Cited by 8 · see citing works
Gangrenous bowel ischemia-a complication of COVID-19: a case report
Swami, G. A., Shinde, S. K., S., H. C., & Asawa, G. (2021) · International Surgery Journal · doi:10.18203/2349-2902.isj20211854 · Cited by 3 · see citing works

Do the risks of emergent colectomy justify nonoperative management strategies for recurrent diverticulitis?
Novitsky, Y. W., Sechrist, C., Payton, B. L., et al. (2008) · The American Journal of Surgery · doi:10.1016/j.amjsurg.2007.11.027 · Cited by 9 · see citing works
Clinical characteristics and natural history of colitis in the elderly.
Lj, B., Boley, S. J., & Mitsudo, S. M. (1982) · PubMed · Cited by 67 · see citing works
Technical considerations for elective colectomy for diverticulitis
Rakhit, S., & Geiger, T. M. (2020) · Seminars in Colon and Rectal Surgery · doi:10.1016/j.scrs.2020.100801
The Decline of Elective Colectomy Following Diverticulitis
Li, D., Baxter, N. N., McLeod, R. S., et al. (2016) · Diseases of the Colon & Rectum · doi:10.1097/dcr.0000000000000561 · Cited by 28 · see citing works
Cytomegalovirus colitis followed by ischemic colitis in a non-immunocompromised adult: A case report
Hasegawa, T. (2015) · World Journal of Gastroenterology · doi:10.3748/wjg.v21.i12.3750 · Cited by 39 · see citing works

Authors: Gandhi, S. K., Hanson, M. M., Vernava, A. M., Kaminski, D. L., & Longo, W. E.
Affiliations: Saint Louis University (US)
ORCID: Gandhi, Sanjiv K.
Longo, Walter E.
Venue: Diseases of the Colon & Rectum
Publisher: Ovid Technologies (Wolters Kluwer Health)
Published: 1996-01
Volume: 39
Issue: 1
Pages: 88-100
ISSN: 0012-3706 (ISSN-L)
DOI: 10.1007/bf02048275
OpenAlex: W4249179916
Cited by: 234
References: 63
Citations by year: 2026: 2 · 2025: 5 · 2023: 8 · 2022: 7 · 2021: 10 · 2020: 7 · 2019: 2 · 2018: 6 · 2017: 5 · 2016: 5 · 2015: 11 · 2014: 10 · 2013: 9 · 2012: 10
FWCI: 1.31
Type: journal article
Language: en
Open access: closed
Locations: Diseases of the Colon & Rectum (publishedVersion)
PubMed (publishedVersion)
Topics: Health Sciences › Medicine › Surgery › Abdominal vascular conditions and treatments
Health Sciences › Medicine › Pulmonary and Respiratory Medicine › Aortic Thrombus and Embolism
Health Sciences › Medicine › Surgery › Gastrointestinal disorders and treatments
Keywords: ischemic colitis, bloody diarrhea, acute abdominal pain, colonoscopy diagnosis, colonic stricture, colon cancer, abdominal aortic surgery, cardiopulmonary bypass, shock
MeSH terms: Diagnosis, Differential, Humans, Prognosis, Risk Factors, Treatment Outcome, Colitis, Ischemic

About these checks

Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.

Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.

Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.

What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›

Are you an author, or do you see a problem with this page? Request a review

Ischemic colitis

Abstract

Integrity signals

Claims the paper makes

Claims other papers make about this one

Cites

Cited by

Related

Record

About these checks