Ischemic colitis: Clinical practice in diagnosis and treatment
Open accessAbstract
Ischemic colitis is the most common form of ischemic injury of the gastrointestinal tract and can present either as an occlusive or a non-occlusive form. It accounts for 1 in 1000 hospitalizations but its incidence is underestimated because it often has a mild and transient nature. The etiology of ischemic colitis is multifactorial and the clinical presentation variable. The diagnosis is based on a combination of clinical suspicion, radiographic, endoscopic and histological findings. Therapy and outcome depends on the severity of the disease. Most cases of the non-gangrenous form are transient and resolve spontaneously without complications. On the other hand, high morbidity and mortality and urgent operative intervention are the hallmarks of gangrenous ischemic colitis.
The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.
Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.
Integrity signals
Registry
Cites
Statistics
Claims the paper makes
The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.
Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.
Claims other papers make about this one
Each is checked against this paper’s own text: does it say what the citing paper says it does?
Leucocytosis, lactic acidosis, hypoalbuminemia, elevated LDH, CPK and amylase may suggest colonic infarction.
“Leucocytosis, lactic acidosis, hypoalbuminemia, elevated LDH, CPK and amylase may suggest colonic infarction[73].”
From Ischemic bowel disease in 2021. (2021) · cites this paper as [73]
The Laboratory tests section lists lactate, LDH, CPK, amylase and leucocytes as markers that rise with advanced, severe ischemic damage. The Clinical presentation and TREATMENT sections also associate metabolic acidosis and persistent leukocytosis with severe ischemia or suspected colonic infarction. The paper does not identify hypoalbuminemia as a marker, or specifically describe the acidosis as lactic. (LLM, conf=0.86)
Experimental — accuracy not yet measured
Self-check
Percentages, sums and reported differences re-computed from the paper’s own numbers.
The self-check needs the paper’s full text.
Cites
AGA technical review on intestinal ischemia
Brandt, L. J., & Boley, S. J. (2000) · Gastroenterology · doi:10.1016/s0016-5085(00)70183-1 · Cited by 594 · see citing works
Reversible Vascular Occlusion of the Colon
Davis, J. E. (1970) · Annals of Surgery · doi:10.1097/00000658-197005000-00019 · Cited by 292 · see citing works
Thoeni, R. F., & Cello, J. P. (2006) · Radiology · doi:10.1148/radiol.2403050818 · Cited by 273 · see citing works
Surgical anatomy of the blood supply of the distal colon.
Jd, G. (1956) · PubMed · Cited by 249 · see citing works
Gandhi, S. K., Hanson, M. M., Vernava, A. M., Kaminski, D. L., & Longo, W. E. (1996) · Diseases of the Colon & Rectum · doi:10.1007/bf02048275 · Cited by 234 · see citing works
Ischemic Colitis: CT Evaluation of 54 Cases
Balthazar, E. J., Yen, B. C., & Gordon, R. B. (1999) · Radiology · doi:10.1148/radiology.211.2.r99ma28381 · Cited by 220 · see citing works
Reversible vascular occlusion of the colon.
Boley, S. J., SCHWARTZ, S., Lash, J. P., & Sternhill, V. (1963) · PubMed · Cited by 212 · see citing works
Longo, W. E., Ballantyne, G. H., & Gusberg, R. J. (1992) · Diseases of the Colon & Rectum · doi:10.1007/bf02050319 · Cited by 188 · see citing works
Ischemic Colitis: A Clinical Review
Green, B. T., & Tendler, D. A. (2005) · Southern Medical Journal · doi:10.1097/01.smj.0000145399.35851.10 · Cited by 184 · see citing works
Sonneland, J. E., Anson, B. J., & Beaton, L. E. (1958) · PubMed · Cited by 168 · see citing works
Brandt, L. J., & Boley, S. J. (1992) · Surgical Clinics of North America · doi:10.1016/s0039-6109(16)45635-5 · Cited by 168 · see citing works
Flobert, C., Cellier, C., Berger, A., Ngo, A., Cuillerier, E., Landi, B., Marteau, P., Cugnenc, P.-H., & Barbier, J.-P. (2000) · The American Journal of Gastroenterology · doi:10.1111/j.1572-0241.2000.01644.x · Cited by 152 · see citing works
Teefey, S. A., Roarke, M. C., Brink, J. A., et al. (1996) · Radiology · doi:10.1148/radiology.198.2.8596864 · Cited by 125 · see citing works
Diagnostic Tests for Intestinal Ischemia
Kurland, B., Brandt, L. J., & Delany, H. M. (1992) · Surgical Clinics of North America · doi:10.1016/s0039-6109(16)45629-x · Cited by 119 · see citing works
Outcome of Patients With Ischemic Colitis: Review of Fifty-Three Cases
Medina, C. O., Vilaseca, J., Videla, S., et al. (2004) · Diseases of the Colon & Rectum · doi:10.1007/s10350-003-0033-6 · Cited by 115 · see citing works
Outcome of patients with total colonic ischemia
Longo, W. E., Ward, D. T., Vernava, A. M., & Kaminski, D. L. (1997) · Diseases of the Colon & Rectum · doi:10.1007/bf02070711 · Cited by 89 · see citing works
Habu, Y., Tahashi, Y., Kiyota, K., Matsumura, K., Hirota, M., Inokuchi, H., & Kawai, K. (1996) · Scandinavian Journal of Gastroenterology · doi:10.3109/00365529609051996 · Cited by 82 · see citing works
Sonographic Findings in Ischemic Colitis in 58 Patients
Ripollés, T., Simó, L., Martínez-Pérez, M. J., Pastor, M. R., Igual, A., & López‐Serrano, A. (2005) · American Journal of Roentgenology · doi:10.2214/ajr.184.3.01840777 · Cited by 82 · see citing works
Pharmacologically Mediated Colon Ischemia
Hass, D. J., Kozuch, P. L., & Brandt, L. J. (2007) · The American Journal of Gastroenterology · doi:10.1111/j.1572-0241.2007.01260.x · Cited by 82 · see citing works
Role of acquired and hereditary thrombotic risk factors in colon ischemia of ambulatory patients
Κoutroubakis, I. E., Sfiridaki, A., Theodoropoulou, A., & Kouroumalis, E. (2001) · Gastroenterology · doi:10.1053/gast.2001.27227 · Cited by 81 · see citing works
Self-citationDiagnosis and management of ischemic colitis
Sreenarasimhaiah, J. (2005) · Current Gastroenterology Reports · doi:10.1007/s11894-005-0013-1 · Cited by 80 · see citing works
Greenwald, D. A., & Brandt, L. J. (1998) · Journal of Clinical Gastroenterology · doi:10.1097/00004836-199809000-00004 · Cited by 79 · see citing works
Investigation and management of ischemic colitis.
Baixauli, J., Kiran, R. P., & Delaney, C. P. (2003) · Cleveland Clinic Journal of Medicine · doi:10.3949/ccjm.70.11.920 · Cited by 76 · see citing works
Ischemic Colitis Associated With Pseudoephedrine: Four Cases
Dowd, J., Bailey, D. N., Moussa, K., et al. (1999) · The American Journal of Gastroenterology · doi:10.1111/j.1572-0241.1999.01369.x · Cited by 74 · see citing works
The colon single-stripe sign and its relationship to ischemic colitis
Zuckerman, G. R., Prakash, C., Merriman, R. B., Sawhney, M., Deschryver-Kecskemeti, K., & Clouse, R. E. (2003) · The American Journal of Gastroenterology · doi:10.1111/j.1572-0241.2003.07633.x · Cited by 71 · see citing works
Cervera, R., Espinosa, G., Cordero, A. M., Oltra, M. R., Unzurrunzaga, A., Rossiñol, T., Plaza, J., Bucciarelli, S., Ramos‐Casals, M., Ingelmo, M., et al. (2007) · Seminars in Arthritis and Rheumatism · doi:10.1016/j.semarthrit.2006.09.003 · Cited by 70 · see citing works
Factors predicting poor prognosis in ischemic colitis.
Añón, R., Boscá-Watts, M. M., Sánchiz, V., et al. (2006) · PubMed · doi:10.3748/wjg.v12.i30.4875 · Cited by 69 · see citing works
Age-related changes in the colonic blood supply: their relevance to ischaemic colitis.
Binns, J., & Isaacson, P. (1978) · Gut · doi:10.1136/gut.19.5.384 · Cited by 66 · see citing works
Scholz, F. J. (1993) · Radiologic Clinics of North America · doi:10.1016/s0033-8389(22)00316-5 · Cited by 64 · see citing works
The Role of Intravenous Fluorescein in the Detection of Colon Ischemia During Aortic Reconstruction
Bergman, R., Gloviczki, P., Welch, T. J., Naessens, J. M., Bower, T. C., Hallett, J. W., Pairolero, P. C., & Cherry, K. J. (1992) · Annals of Vascular Surgery · doi:10.1007/bf02000672 · Cited by 58 · see citing works
Su, C., Brandt, L., Sigal, S. H., Alt, E., Steinberg, J. J., Patterson, K., & Tarr, P. I. (1998) · The American Journal of Gastroenterology · doi:10.1111/j.1572-0241.1998.00328.x · Cited by 57 · see citing works
Incidence of Colonic Ischemia after Repair of Ruptured Abdominal Aortic Aneurysm with Endograft
Champagne, B. J., Lee, E. C., Valerian, B. T., et al. (2007) · Journal of the American College of Surgeons · doi:10.1016/j.jamcollsurg.2007.01.030 · Cited by 56 · see citing works
Cocaine-Induced Ischemic Colitis with Small-Vessel Thrombosis of Colon and Gallbladder
Boutros, H., Pautler, S. E., & Chakrabarti, S. K. (1997) · Journal of Clinical Gastroenterology · doi:10.1097/00004836-199701000-00011 · Cited by 55 · see citing works
Ischemic colitis: serial changes in double-contrast barium enema examination.
Iida, M., Matsui, T., Fuchigami, T., Iwashita, A., Yao, T., & Fujishima, M. (1986) · Radiology · doi:10.1148/radiology.159.2.3961164 · Cited by 53 · see citing works
Maupin, G. E., Rimar, S. D., & Villalba, M. (1989) · PubMed · Cited by 40 · see citing works
Ischemic Colitis Revisited: A Prospective Study Identifying Hypercoagulability as a Risk Factor
Midian-Singh, R., Polen, A., Durishin, C., Crock, R., Whittier, F. C., & Fahmy, N. (2004) · Southern Medical Journal · doi:10.1097/01.smj.0000066655.54770.88 · Cited by 35 · see citing works
Ischemic Colitis Complicating Major Vascular Surgery
Steele, S. R. (2007) · Surgical Clinics of North America · doi:10.1016/j.suc.2007.07.007 · Cited by 30 · see citing works
Antithrombin III metabolism in two colitis patients with acquired antithrombin III deficiency
Knot, E. A. R., ten Cate, J. W., Bruin, T., Iburg, A. H. C., & Tytgat, G. N. J. (1985) · Gastroenterology · doi:10.1016/0016-5085(85)90346-4 · Cited by 29 · see citing works
Lee, J. R., Paik, C. N., Kim, J.-D., Chung, W. C., Lee, K., & Yang, J. M. (2008) · World Journal of Gastroenterology · doi:10.3748/wjg.14.3591 · Cited by 29 · see citing works
Ischemic Colitis Associated With Naratriptan and Oral Contraceptive Use
Charles, J. A., Pullicino, P. M., Stoopack, P. M., et al. (2005) · Headache The Journal of Head and Face Pain · doi:10.1111/j.1526-4610.2005.05077_4.x · Cited by 27 · see citing works
Genetic Risk Factors in Young Patients With Ischemic Colitis
Theodoropoulou, A., Sfiridaki, A., Oustamanolakis, P., Vardas, E. M., Livadiotaki, A., Boumpaki, A., Paspatis, G., & Κoutroubakis, I. E. (2008) · Clinical Gastroenterology and Hepatology · doi:10.1016/j.cgh.2008.03.010 · Cited by 27 · see citing works
Self-citationIschemic colitis in postmenopausal women taking hormone replacement therapy
Zervoudis, S., Grammatopoulos, T., Iatrakis, G. M., et al. (2008) · Gynecological Endocrinology · doi:10.1080/09513590802002163 · Cited by 25 · see citing works
[Ischemic colitic in the elderly: predictive factors of gangrenous outcome].
Barouk, J., Gournay, J., Bernard, P., et al. (1999) · PubMed · Cited by 25 · see citing works
Ischemic Colitis Associated with Factor V Leiden Mutation
Yee, N. S., Guerry, D., & Lichtenstein, G. R. (2000) · Annals of Internal Medicine · doi:10.7326/0003-4819-132-7-200004040-00027 · Cited by 21 · see citing works
Case Report: Prothrombin 20210G/A Mutation in Two Patients with Mesenteric Ischemia
Balian, A., Veyradier, A., Naveau, S., et al. (1999) · Digestive Diseases and Sciences · doi:10.1023/a:1018867311839 · Cited by 17 · see citing works
Low Plasma Protein Z Levels in Patients with Ischemic Colitis
Κoutroubakis, I. E., Theodoropoulou, A., Sfiridaki, A., & Kouroumalis, E. (2003) · Digestive Diseases and Sciences · doi:10.1023/a:1025441405688 · Cited by 16 · see citing works
Self-citationPositive ln-111 WBC Scan in a Patient With Ischemic lleocolitis and Negative Colonoscopies
MOALLEM, A. G., GERARD, P. S., & JAPANWALLA, M. (1995) · Clinical Nuclear Medicine · doi:10.1097/00003072-199506000-00001 · Cited by 13 · see citing works
CASE REPORT: Ischemic Necrosis of Gastric Wall After Long-Term Ergotamine Pill Abuse
Papalampros, E. L., Salakou, S., Felekouras, E. S., et al. (2001) · Digestive Diseases and Sciences · doi:10.1023/a:1010788532195 · Cited by 11 · see citing works
Is there a role for Tc-99m (V) DMSA scintigraphy in ischemic colitis?
Stathaki, M. I., Κoutroubakis, I. E., Koukouraki, S. I., et al. (2008) · World Journal of Gastroenterology · doi:10.3748/wjg.14.5432 · Cited by 9 · see citing works
Self-citation[Ischemic colitis and recurrent venous thrombosis caused by familial protein S deficiency].
Blanc, P., Bories, P., Donadio, D., Parelon, G., Rouanet, C., Paleirac, G., & Michel, H. (1989) · PubMed · Cited by 9 · see citing works
Ludwig, D., Stahl, M., David-Walek, T., et al. (1998) · PubMed · Cited by 7 · see citing works
Ischemic Colitis: Tc-99m HMPAO Leukocyte Scintigraphy and Correlative Imaging
Hyun, H., PAI, E., & Blend, M. J. (1998) · Clinical Nuclear Medicine · doi:10.1097/00003072-199803000-00008 · Cited by 6 · see citing works
Verger, P., Blanc, C., Feydy, P., et al. (1996) · PubMed · Cited by 6 · see citing works
Flagged first, then by citations
Research works printed but not linked: 2
- www.wjgnet.com Gastroenterol 1998; 27: 122-128
- Verger P, Blanc C, Feydy P, Boey S. [Ischemic colitis caused by protein S deficiency] Presse Med 1996; 25: 1350
Cited by
Sorted by citations
Brandt, L. J., Feuerstadt, P., Longstreth, G. F., & Boley, S. J. (2015) · American Journal of Gastroenterology · doi:10.1038/ajg.2014.395 · Cited by 377 · see citing works
Gastro-Intestinal Vascular Emergencies
Corcos, O., & Nuzzo, A. (2013) · Best Practice & Research Clinical Gastroenterology · doi:10.1016/j.bpg.2013.08.006 · Cited by 104 · see citing works
Ischemic bowel disease in 2021.
Ahmed, M. (2021) · World Journal of Gastroenterology · doi:10.3748/wjg.v27.i29.4746 · Cited by 77 · see citing works
Huerta, C., Rivero, E., Montoro, M. A., & García-Rodriguez, L. A. (2011) · Alimentary Pharmacology & Therapeutics · doi:10.1111/j.1365-2036.2011.04614.x · Cited by 60 · see citing works
Paul, T., Joy, A. R., Alsoub, H. A. R. S., & Parambil, J. V. (2021) · The American Journal of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene · doi:10.4269/ajtmh.20-1262 · Cited by 26 · see citing works
Colonic ischemia: usual and unusual presentations and their management
Oglat, A., & Quigley, E. M. M. (2017) · Current Opinion in Gastroenterology · doi:10.1097/mog.0000000000000325 · Cited by 22 · see citing works
Longstreth, G. F., & Hye, R. J. (2015) · The Permanente Journal · doi:10.7812/tpp/15-024 · Cited by 8 · see citing works
- Authors
- Theodoropoulou, Α., & Κoutroubakis, I. E.
- Affiliations
- The General Hospital of Heraklion "Venizeleio-Pananio" (GR)
- Venue
- World Journal of Gastroenterology
- Publisher
- Baishideng Publishing Group Inc.
- Published
- 2008
- Volume
- 14
- Issue
- 48
- Pages
- 7302
- ISSN
- 1007-9327 (ISSN-L)
- PMC
- PMC2778113
- OpenAlex
- W2100126880
- Cited by
- 265
- References
- 53
- Citations by year
- 2026: 15 · 2025: 11 · 2024: 17 · 2023: 22 · 2022: 15 · 2021: 18 · 2020: 20 · 2019: 12 · 2018: 10 · 2017: 10 · 2016: 15 · 2015: 19 · 2014: 14 · 2013: 19 · 2012: 23
- FWCI
- 1.42
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- hybrid
- doi.org
- Licence
- cc-by-nc
- Locations
- World Journal of Gastroenterology (publishedVersion, cc-by-nc)
- PubMed Central (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Topics
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Surgery › Abdominal vascular conditions and treatments
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Surgery › Gastrointestinal disorders and treatments
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Gastroenterology › Gastrointestinal Bleeding Diagnosis and Treatment
- Keywords
- ischemic colitis, diagnosis, treatment, etiology, clinical features, radiographic findings, endoscopic findings, histological findings, morbidity and mortality, operative intervention
- MeSH terms
- Adrenal Cortex Hormones, Colon, Colonoscopy, Humans, Severity of Illness Index, Tomography, X-Ray Computed, Treatment Outcome, Colitis, Ischemic
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.
What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›
Are you an author, or do you see a problem with this page? Request a review
