Kinetic analysis of the template effect in ribooligoguanylate elongation
Abstract
We have undertaken a complete kinetic analysis of the template-directed oligoguanylate synthesis originated in Orgel's laboratory (Inoue and Orgel, 1982). The reaction of guanosine 5'-phospho-2-methylimidazolide, 2-MelmpG, with ribooligoguanylates all 3'-5' linked, designated n3 with n = 7-12, was studied in the presence/absence of the complementary template polycytidylic acid, poly(C). Conditions were chosen where poly(C) and 2-MelmpG are in large excess over the oligoguanylate. In the absence of the template at 37 degrees C the reaction leads to three isomeric oligomers that are elongated by one monomer unit. They are the 3'-5' linked, (n + 1)3, the 2'-5' linked, (n + 1)2, and the pyrophosphate product, (n + 1)p, formed in an approximate ratio 1:2:5. In the presence of the template the reaction is 20-fold faster and yields products n + 1, n + 2, n + 3 etc. as long as 2-MelmpG is available. Most importantly the formation of the natural, 3'-5' linked isomer, is enhanced selectively by 140-fold at 37 degrees C. Qualitative observations allow the conclusion that this enhancement is temperature dependent and increases with decreasing temperature. For example, at 1 degree C only the 3'-5' linked isomers were detected. Initial rates for the disappearance of the n3 oligoguanylate were determined at 1, 23, and 37 degrees C. It was found that the pseudo-first order rate constant for oligoguanylate elongation was linearly proportional to the 2-MelmpG concentration. This implies that the reaction complex poly(C).n3.2-MelmpG does not accumulate under the reaction conditions, a conclusion which is also supported by infrared data (Miles and Frazier, 1982). The implication of the above results with respect to chemical evolution is that lower temperatures, i.e., close to freezing, enhance the regioselectivity of these template-directed reactions and that one way to improve replication models may be sought in finding conditions that favor stable reaction complexes.
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Template-directed ligation appears to be a general phenomenon, occurring with peptides, small molecules and nucleic acids, and it can greatly accelerate bond formation.
“Template-directed ligation appears to be a general phenomenon, occurring with peptides, small molecules and nucleic acids (49–51), and it can greatly accelerate bond formation (52–54).”
From Prebiotically plausible mechanisms increase compositional diversity of nucleic acid sequences (2012) · cites this paper as [52]
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- Authors
- Kanavarioti, A., & White, D. H.
- Affiliations
- Ames Research Center (US)
- Santa Clara University (US)
- Venue
- Origins of life and evolution of the biosphere
- Published
- 1987-09
- Volume
- 17
- Issue
- 3-4
- Pages
- 333-349
- ISSN
- 0169-6149 (ISSN-L)
- 1573-0875
- OpenAlex
- W1970150813
- Cited by
- 14
- References
- 12
- Citations by year
- 2022: 1 · 2021: 2 · 2012: 2
- FWCI
- 0.41
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Licence
- Locations
- Origins of Life and Evolution of Biospheres (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Funders
- National Aeronautics and Space Administration
- Topics
- Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Molecular Biology › RNA and protein synthesis mechanisms
- Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Molecular Biology › DNA and Nucleic Acid Chemistry
- Physical Sciences › Physics and Astronomy › Astronomy and Astrophysics › Origins and Evolution of Life
- Keywords
- 3'-5' linkage, 2'-5' linkage, regioselectivity, temperature dependence, chemical evolution, origin of replication, reaction complex
- MeSH terms
- Adenine Nucleotides, Indicators and Reagents, Kinetics, Oligoribonucleotides, Templates, Genetic, Thermodynamics
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