Random thoughts on citationology its theory and practice
Integrity signals
Registry
Cites
Statistics
Claims the paper makes
Claims other papers make about this one
Each is checked against this paper’s own text: does it say what the citing paper says it does?
Authors use citations with different intentions and meanings.
“Authors use citations with different intentions and meanings”
From What do citation counts measure? A review of studies on citing behavior (2008) · cites this paper as Garfield, 1998
Cites
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Self-citation
Flagged first, then by citations
3 of the 27 references couldn’t be matched to a known paper.
Cited by
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What do citation counts measure? A review of studies on citing behavior
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Short-Termism in Science: Evidence from the UK Research Excellence Framework
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Trends in the Usage of ISI Bibliometric Data: Uses, Abuses, and Implications
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A contribuição de Donald C. Hambrick para a teoria do alto escalão – um estudo bibliométrico
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Whatever happened to Garfield’s constant?
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Research and perspectives on criteria for evaluation of nursing research achievements
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40 years of Language Studies: A Bibliometric Study of Research Articles in Taiwan
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Fundamental methodologies and tools for the employment of webometric analyses
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Short-Termism in Science: Evidence from the UK Research Excellence FrameworkPreprint
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Web Manifestations of Knowledge-Based Innovation Systems in the UK
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You Can Look It Up: or Maybe Not
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Vitaly L. Ginzburg: A Bibliometric Study
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Study of Variations of Citation-based Parameters for Selected Indian Science Journals
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- Authors
- Garfield, E.
- Corresponding author
- Garfield, E.
- Venue
- Scientometrics
- Published
- 1998-09
- Volume
- 43
- Issue
- 1
- Pages
- 69-76
- ISSN
- 0138-9130 (ISSN-L)
- 1588-2861
- OpenAlex
- W2006651691
- Cited by
- 96
- References
- 27
- Citations by year
- 2025: 1 · 2024: 3 · 2023: 4 · 2022: 2 · 2021: 2 · 2020: 2 · 2019: 1 · 2018: 4 · 2017: 7 · 2016: 5 · 2015: 3 · 2014: 3 · 2013: 6 · 2012: 2
- FWCI
- 3.88
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Licence
- www.springer.com/tdm (tdm)
- Locations
- Scientometrics (publishedVersion)
- Topics
- Social Sciences › Decision Sciences › Statistics, Probability and Uncertainty › scientometrics and bibliometrics research
- Physical Sciences › Computer Science › Information Systems › Library Science and Information
- Physical Sciences › Computer Science › Information Systems › Web visibility and informetrics
- Keywords
- citation theory, citation analysis, bibliometric analysis, citation behavior, citation indexes, journal impact factor, scientific impact, Nobel laureates, information science theory
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.
What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›
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