On the shoulders of Robert Merton: Towards a normative theory of citation
Integrity signals
Registry
Cites
Statistics
Claims the paper makes
Claims other papers make about this one
Each is checked against this paper’s own text: does it say what the citing paper says it does?
If a new publication captures the attention previously paid to an older publication, the cycle may be broken and the new document might be more attractive for citing.
“However, if a new publication captures the attention previously paid to an older publication, the cycle may be broken and the new document might be more attractive for citing (Small, 2004).”
From Core Elements in the Process of Citing Publications: Conceptual Overview of the Literature (2018) · cites this paper as Small, 2004
Normative and constructivist theories should be combined in one theory.
“Small (2004) and other researchers have pointed out that normative and constructivist theories should be combined in one theory (Liu, 1997).”
From Core Elements in the Process of Citing Publications: Conceptual Overview of the Literature (2018) · cites this paper as Small, 2004
Another reason for citing specific documents might be the consensus of the scientific community on the importance of certain documents to the field which have become landmark papers or citation classics.
“Another reason for citing specific documents might be the consensus of the scientific community on the importance of certain documents to the field which have become landmark papers or citation classics (Small, 2004).”
From Core Elements in the Process of Citing Publications: Conceptual Overview of the Literature (2018) · cites this paper as Small, 2004
Cites
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Self-citationSome Results on the Function and Quality of Citations
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Cited Documents as Concept Symbols
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Flagged first, then by citations
Cited by
Sorted by citations
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- Authors
- Small, H.
- Corresponding author
- Small, Henry
- ORCID
- Small, Henry
- Venue
- Scientometrics
- Published
- 2004-05
- Volume
- 60
- Issue
- 1
- Pages
- 71-79
- ISSN
- 0138-9130 (ISSN-L)
- 1588-2861
- OpenAlex
- W1973396742
- Cited by
- 183
- References
- 29
- Citations by year
- 2026: 6 · 2025: 2 · 2024: 7 · 2023: 10 · 2022: 11 · 2021: 16 · 2020: 16 · 2019: 8 · 2018: 15 · 2017: 9 · 2016: 12 · 2015: 9 · 2014: 8 · 2013: 9 · 2012: 7
- FWCI
- 4.24
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Licence
- Locations
- Scientometrics (publishedVersion)
- RePEc: Research Papers in Economics (submittedVersion)
- Topics
- Social Sciences › Decision Sciences › Statistics, Probability and Uncertainty › scientometrics and bibliometrics research
- Social Sciences › Arts and Humanities › History and Philosophy of Science › Academic Writing and Publishing
- Social Sciences › Safety Research › Academic integrity and plagiarism
- Keywords
- Robert K. Merton, citation theory, citation classification, intellectual debt, peer recognition, self-citation, disinterestedness, publication system
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.
What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›
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