Cited by 230Protease and Inhibitor MechanismsBlood Coagulation and Thrombosis MechanismsCalpain Protease Function and Regulation

Extracellular matrix degradation by metalloproteinases and central nervous system diseases

Lukes, Anton, Mun-Bryce, Sheila, Lukes, Manuela, Rosenberg, Gary A.·1999·Molecular Neurobiology

Abstract

Matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) are a gene family of neutral proteases involved in normal and pathological processes in the central nervous system (CNS). Normally released into the extracellular space, MMPs break down the extracellular matrix (ECM) to allow cell growth and to facilitate remodeling. Proteolysis becomes pathological when the normal balance between the proteases and their inhibitors, tissue inhibitors to metalloproteinases (TIMPs), is lost. Cancer cells secrete neutral proteases to facilitate spread through the ECM. MMPs increase capillary permeability, and they have been implicated in demyelination. Neurological diseases, such as brain tumors, multiple sclerosis, Guillain-Barré, ischemia, Alzheimer's disease, and infections, lead to an increase in the matrix-degrading proteases. Two classes of neutral proteases have been extensively studied, namely the MMPs and the plasminogen activators (PAs), which act in concert to attack the ECM. After proteolytic injury occurs, the process of ECM remodeling begins, which can lead to fibrosis of blood vessels and gliosis. TIMPs are increased after the acute injury and may add to the fibrotic buildup of ECM components. Thus, an imbalance in proteolytic activity either during the acute injury or in recovery may aggravate the underlying disease process. Agents that affect the proteolytic process at any of the regulating sites are potentially useful in therapy.

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Crossref · 10.1007/bf02821717

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Authors
Lukes, A., Mun-Bryce, S., Lukes, M., & Rosenberg, G. A.
Affiliations
University of New Mexico (US)
Corresponding author
Lukes, Anton
Venue
Molecular Neurobiology
Published
1999-06
Volume
19
Issue
3
Pages
267-284
ISSN
  • 0893-7648 (ISSN-L)
  • 1559-1182
OpenAlex
W2004085515
Cited by
230
References
108
Citations by year
2026: 2 · 2025: 5 · 2024: 3 · 2023: 5 · 2022: 3 · 2021: 6 · 2020: 2 · 2019: 2 · 2018: 5 · 2017: 6 · 2016: 7 · 2015: 6 · 2014: 9 · 2013: 3 · 2012: 10
FWCI
1.23
Type
journal article
Language
en
Open access
closed
Locations
  • Molecular Neurobiology (publishedVersion)
  • PubMed (publishedVersion)
Funders
  • National Institutes of Health (5s06gm008139-21)
  • National Institute of General Medical Sciences (GM08139)
  • National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke (R01NS021169, NS R01-NS-21169)
Topics
  • Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Cancer Research › Protease and Inhibitor Mechanisms
  • Health Sciences › Medicine › Hematology › Blood Coagulation and Thrombosis Mechanisms
  • Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Cell Biology › Calpain Protease Function and Regulation
Keywords
matrix metalloproteinases, extracellular matrix degradation, tissue inhibitors of metalloproteinases, plasminogen activator, central nervous system disorders, demyelination, gliosis, vascular fibrosis, capillary permeability, multiple sclerosis, Alzheimer's disease, brain tumors, Guillain-Barré syndrome, ischemia, neuroinflammation, protease inhibitors
MeSH terms
Animals, Blood-Brain Barrier, Central Nervous System Diseases, Extracellular Matrix, Growth Substances, Humans, Metalloendopeptidases, Tissue Inhibitor of Metalloproteinases

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