The DOI matches its Crossref record; 59 of the 59 references it cites were found in a registry or an index.
The coagulopathy, endotheliopathy, and vasculitis of COVID-19
Open accessAbstract
COVID-19-associated coagulopathy (CAC) characterized by the elevated D-dimer without remarkable changes of other global coagulation markers is associated with various thrombotic complications and disease severity. The purpose of this review is to elucidate the pathophysiology of this unique coagulopathy. The authors performed online search of published medical literature through PubMed using the MeSH (Medical Subject Headings) term "COVID-19," "SARS-CoV-2," "coronavirus," "coagulopathy," and "thrombus." Then, selected 51 articles that closely relevant to coagulopathy in COVID-19. The primary targets of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) are the pneumocytes, immune cells, and vascular endothelial cells. The alveolar damage and the pulmonary microvascular thrombosis are the major causes of acute lung injury in COVID-19. The endotheliopathy that occurs is due to direct SARS-CoV-2 infection and activation of other pathways that include the immune system and thromboinflammatory responses leading to what is termed CAC. As a result, both microvascular and macrovascular thrombotic events occur in arterial, capillary, venule, and large vein vascular beds to produce multiorgan dysfunction and thrombotic complications. In addition to the endothelial damage, SARS-CoV-2 also can cause vasculitis and presents as a systemic inflammatory vascular disease. Clinical management of COVID-19 includes anticoagulation but novel therapies for endotheliopathy, hypercoagulability, and vasculitis are needed. The endotheliopathy due to direct endothelial infection with SARS-COV-2 and the indirect damage caused by inflammation play the predominant role in the development of CAC. The intensive control of thromboinflammation is necessary to improve the outcome of this highly detrimental contagious disease.
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Cites
Endothelial cell infection and endotheliitis in COVID-19
Varga, Z., Flammer, A. J., Steiger, P., Haberecker, M., Andermatt, R., Zinkernagel, A. S., Mehra, M. R., Schuepbach, R. A., Ruschitzka, F., & Moch, H. (2020) · The Lancet · doi:10.1016/s0140-6736(20)30937-5 · Cited by 6,358
Pulmonary Vascular Endothelialitis, Thrombosis, and Angiogenesis in Covid-19
Ackermann, M., Verleden, S. E., Kuehnel, M., Haverich, A., Welte, T., Laenger, F., Vanstapel, A., Werlein, C., Stark, H., Tzankov, A., et al. (2020) · New England Journal of Medicine · doi:10.1056/nejmoa2015432 · Cited by 5,613
Incidence of thrombotic complications in critically ill ICU patients with COVID-19
Klok, F. A., Kruip, M. J. H. A., van der Meer, N. J. M., Arbous, M. S., Gommers, D. A. M. P. J., Kant, K. M., Kaptein, F. H. J., van Paassen, J., Stals, M. A. M., Huisman, M. V., et al. (2020) · Thrombosis Research · doi:10.1016/j.thromres.2020.04.013 · Cited by 5,028
CRICS TRIGGERSEP Group (Clinical Research in Intensive Care and Sepsis Trial Group for Global Evaluation and Research in Sepsis), Helms, J., Tacquard, C., Severac, F., Leonard-Lorant, I., Ohana, M., Delabranche, X., Merdji, H., Clere-Jehl, R., Schenck, M., et al. (2020) · Intensive Care Medicine · doi:10.1007/s00134-020-06062-x · Cited by 2,792
Verdoni, L., Mazza, A., Gervasoni, A., Martelli, L., Ruggeri, M., Ciuffreda, M., Bonanomi, E., & D'Antiga, L. (2020) · The Lancet · doi:10.1016/s0140-6736(20)31103-x · Cited by 2,380
COVID-19 and its implications for thrombosis and anticoagulation
Connors, J. M., & Levy, J. H. (2020) · Blood · doi:10.1182/blood.2020006000 · Cited by 2,369
Self-citationAutopsy Findings and Venous Thromboembolism in Patients With COVID-19: A Prospective Cohort Study
Wichmann, D., Sperhake, J.-P., Lütgehetmann, M., Steurer, S., Edler, C., Heinemann, A., Heinrich, F., Mushumba, H., Kniep, I., Schröder, A. S., et al. (2020) · Annals of Internal Medicine · doi:10.7326/m20-2003 · Cited by 2,274
Coagulopathy and Antiphospholipid Antibodies in Patients with Covid-19
Zhang, Y., Xiao, M., Zhang, S., Xia, P., Cao, W., Jiang, W., Chen, H., Ding, X., Zhao, H., Zhang, H., et al. (2020) · New England Journal of Medicine · doi:10.1056/nejmc2007575 · Cited by 2,179
Large-Vessel Stroke as a Presenting Feature of Covid-19 in the Young
Oxley, T. J., Mocco, J., Majidi, S., Kellner, C. P., Shoirah, H., Singh, I. P., De Leacy, R. A., Shigematsu, T., Ladner, T. R., Yaeger, K. A., et al. (2020) · New England Journal of Medicine · doi:10.1056/nejmc2009787 · Cited by 2,116
Lodigiani, C., Iapichino, G., Carenzo, L., Cecconi, M., Ferrazzi, P., Sebastian, T., Kucher, N., Studt, J.-D., Sacco, C., Bertuzzi, A., et al. (2020) · Thrombosis Research · doi:10.1016/j.thromres.2020.04.024 · Cited by 2,054
Cited by
Endothelial dysfunction and immunothrombosis as key pathogenic mechanisms in COVID-19
Bonaventura, A., Vecchié, A., Dagna, L., Martinod, K., Dixon, D. L., Van Tassell, B. W., Dentali, F., Montecucco, F., Massberg, S., Levi, M., et al. (2021) · Nature Reviews Immunology · doi:10.1038/s41577-021-00536-9 · Cited by 987
Silva Andrade, B., Siqueira, S., de Assis Soares, W. R., de Souza Rangel, F., Santos, N. O., dos Santos Freitas, A., Ribeiro da Silveira, P., Tiwari, S., Alzahrani, K. J., Góes-Neto, A., et al. (2021) · Viruses · doi:10.3390/v13040700 · Cited by 435
The pulmonary pathology of COVID-19
Bösmüller, H., Matter, M., Fend, F., & Tzankov, A. (2021) · Virchows Archiv · doi:10.1007/s00428-021-03053-1 · Cited by 180
COVID-19 and intestinal ischemia: a multicenter case series
Sarkardeh, M., Meftah, E., Mohammadzadeh, N., Koushki, J., & Sadrzadeh, Z. (2022) · Frontiers in Medicine · doi:10.3389/fmed.2022.879996 · Cited by 13
Metadata
- Authors
- Iba, T., Connors, J. M., & Levy, J. H.
- Venue
- Inflammation Research
- Published
- 2020-09-12
- Volume
- 69
- Issue
- 12
- Pages
- 1181-1189
- ISSN
- 1023-3830 (ISSN-L)
- 1420-908X
- OpenAlex
- W3086407960
- Cited by
- 429
- References
- 59
- FWCI
- 10.65
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- bronze
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Contains information from the Semantic Scholar Academic Graph Datasets, made available under the ODC Attribution License (ODC-BY 1.0).
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