The DOI matches its Crossref record; 30 of the 30 references it cites were found in a registry or an index.
Age-related islet autoantibody incidence in offspring of patients with type 1 diabetes
Open accessAbstract
Aims/hypothesis Seroconversion to islet autoantibodies precedes type 1 diabetes. This study aimed to identify periods of high seroconversion incidence, which could be targeted for mechanistic and therapeutic studies. Methods Incidence of islet autoantibodies was calculated in 1,650 genetically at-risk children followed with measurements of islet autoantibodies and thyroid autoantibodies at age 9 months and 2, 5, 8, 11, 14 and 17 years. Peak incidence periods were confirmed in a second cohort of 150 children followed until age 6 years with three-monthly samples up to age 3 years. Results Islet autoantibody incidence (per 1,000 person-years) was 18.5 until age 9 months, 21 from 9 months to 2 years and <10 for intervals after age 2 years. The second cohort confirmed peak incidence around age 9 months and demonstrated an absence of seroconversion before this age. Seroconversion to insulin autoantibodies occurred earlier than other autoantibodies (p<0.01 against glutamic acid decarboxylase [GAD]-, insulinoma-associated protein 2 [IA-2]- and zinc transporter 8 [ZnT8]-autoantibodies). Early peak seroconversion incidence was most evident in children with high-risk HLA DR3/4-DQ8 or DR4/4-DQ8 genotypes. Conclusion The age period 9 months to 2 years is associated with a high incidence of activation of type 1 diabetes associated autoimmunity in genetically at-risk children and should be targeted for effective primary prevention strategies.
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“These autoantibodies can appear as early as 6 months of age, with a peak incidence before 2 years of age in genetically susceptible individuals;66 thus, they are present months to years before symptomatic onset.”
From Type 1 diabetes (2014) · cites this paper as [66]
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Type 1 diabetes: new perspectives on disease pathogenesis and treatment
Atkinson, M. A., & Eisenbarth, G. S. (2001) · The Lancet · doi:10.1016/s0140-6736(01)05415-0 · Cited by 1,491
Insulin antibodies in insulin-dependent diabetics before insulin treatment
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The cation efflux transporter ZnT8 (Slc30A8) is a major autoantigen in human type 1 diabetes
Wenzlau, J. M., Juhl, K., Yu, L., Moua, O., Sarkar, S. A., Gottlieb, P., Rewers, M., Eisenbarth, G. S., Jensen, J., Davidson, H. W., et al. (2007) · Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences · doi:10.1073/pnas.0705894104 · Cited by 1,014
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Self-citationMaternal Alloantigens Promote the Development of Tolerogenic Fetal Regulatory T Cells in Utero
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Self-citationAndersson, A., Toppari, J., Haavisto, A., Petersen, J. H., Simell, T. T., Simell, O., & Skakkebæk, N. E. (1998) · The Journal of Clinical Endocrinology & Metabolism · doi:10.1210/jcem.83.2.4603 · Cited by 411
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Atkinson, M. A., Eisenbarth, G. S., & Michels, A. W. (2014) · The Lancet · doi:10.1016/s0140-6736(13)60591-7 · Cited by 2,931
2. Classification and Diagnosis of Diabetes: Standards of Care in Diabetes—2023
ElSayed, N. A., Aleppo, G., Aroda, V. R., Bannuru, R. R., Brown, F. M., Bruemmer, D., Collins, B. S., Gaglia, J. L., Hilliard, M. E., Isaacs, D. M., et al. (2022) · Diabetes Care · doi:10.2337/dc23-s002 · Cited by 2,841
2. Diagnosis and Classification of Diabetes: Standards of Care in Diabetes—2024
American Diabetes Association Professional Practice Committee, ElSayed, N. A., Aleppo, G., Bannuru, R. R., Bruemmer, D., Collins, B. S., Ekhlaspour, L., Gaglia, J. L., Hilliard, M. E., Johnson, E. L., et al. (2024) · Diabetes Care · doi:10.2337/dc24-s002 · Cited by 2,086
Metadata
- Authors
- the BABYDIAB-BABYDIET Study Group, Ziegler, A.-G., & Bonifacio, E.
- Affiliations
- Helmholtz Munich (DE)
- Corresponding author
- Ziegler, A.-G.
- Venue
- Diabetologia
- Published
- 2012-01-31
- Volume
- 55
- Issue
- 7
- Pages
- 1937-1943
- ISSN
- 0012-186X (ISSN-L)
- 1432-0428
- OpenAlex
- W2030685032
- Cited by
- 264
- References
- 30
- Citations by year
- 2026: 10 · 2025: 16 · 2024: 21 · 2023: 24 · 2022: 14 · 2021: 18 · 2020: 10 · 2019: 14 · 2018: 27 · 2017: 13 · 2016: 32 · 2015: 27 · 2014: 15 · 2013: 18 · 2012: 5
- FWCI
- 12.53
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- bronze
- doi.org
- Licence
- www.springer.com/tdm (tdm)
- Locations
- Diabetologia (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- mediaTUM (Technical University of Munich) (submittedVersion)
- Site cant be reached (submittedVersion)
- Funders
- European Commission (202013)
- Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft (FZ 111, /14-1)
- Bundesministerium für Bildung und Forschung (FKZ 01GI0805‐07, FKZ 01GI0805, 01GI0805, 01GI0805-07)
- Helmholtz Zentrum München
- Topics
- Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Genetics › Diabetes and associated disorders
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism › Diabetes Management and Research
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism › Pancreatic function and diabetes
- Keywords
- type 1 diabetes, islet autoantibodies, seroconversion, insulin autoantibodies, glutamic acid decarboxylase antibodies, IA-2 autoantibodies, ZnT8 autoantibodies, thyroid autoantibodies, primary prevention
- MeSH terms
- Adolescent, Autoantibodies, Child, Child, Preschool, Diabetes Mellitus, Type 1, Female, Genotype, Germany, HLA-D Antigens, Humans, Infant, Longitudinal Studies, Male, Prediabetic State, Cohort Studies, Incidence, Polymerase Chain Reaction, Child of Impaired Parents, Age of Onset, Disease Progression, Genetic Predisposition to Disease
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