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Current understanding of the role of gut dysbiosis in type 1 diabetes

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Dynamics of Islet Autoantibodies During Prospective Follow-Up From Birth to Age 15 Years

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Impact of Age and Antibody Type on Progression From Single to Multiple Autoantibodies in Type 1 Diabetes Relatives

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Oral insulin immunotherapy in children at risk for type 1 diabetes in a randomised controlled trial

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Identification of infants with increased type 1 diabetes genetic risk for enrollment into Primary Prevention Trials—GPPAD‐02 study design and first results

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Coxsackievirus and Type 1 Diabetes: Diabetogenic Mechanisms and Implications for Prevention

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Birth and coming of age of islet autoantibodies

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OGTT and random plasma glucose in the prediction of type 1 diabetes and time to diagnosis

Helminen, O., Aspholm, S., Pokka, T. M.-L., Ilonen, J., Simell, O., Veijola, R., & Knip, M. (2015) · Diabetologia · doi:10.1007/s00125-015-3621-9 · Cited by 57 · see citing works

A novel LIPS assay for insulin autoantibodies

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An Age-Related Exponential Decline in the Risk of Multiple Islet Autoantibody Seroconversion During Childhood

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Viruses and Type 1 Diabetes: From Enteroviruses to the Virome

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Roles of Commensal Microbiota in Pancreas Homeostasis and Pancreatic Pathologies

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Disease-Modifying Therapies in Type 1 Diabetes: A Look into the Future of Diabetes Practice

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Reduced β-cell function in early preclinical type 1 diabetes

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Characterisation of rapid progressors to type 1 diabetes among children with HLA-conferred disease susceptibility

Pöllänen, P. M., Lempainen, J., Laine, A., Toppari, J., Veijola, R., Vähäsalo, P., Ilonen, J., Siljander, H., & Knip, M. (2017) · Diabetologia · doi:10.1007/s00125-017-4258-7 · Cited by 51 · see citing works

Islet autoantibodies as precision diagnostic tools to characterize heterogeneity in type 1 diabetes: a systematic review

Felton, J. L., REDONDO, M. J., Oram, R. A., Speake, C., Long, S. A., Önengüt-Gümüşcü, S., Rich, S. S., Monaco, G. S. F., Harris-Kawano, A., Perez, D., et al. (2024) · Communications Medicine · doi:10.1038/s43856-024-00478-y · Cited by 62 · see citing works

Progression from single to multiple islet autoantibodies often occurs soon after seroconversion: implications for early screening

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General population screening for type 1 diabetes

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Deciphering early development of complex diseases by progressive module network

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Prognostic Classification Factors Associated With Development of Multiple Autoantibodies, Dysglycemia, and Type 1 Diabetes—A Recursive Partitioning Analysis

Xu, P., Krischer, J. P., & on behalf of the Type 1 Diabetes TrialNet Study Group (2016) · Diabetes Care · doi:10.2337/dc15-2292 · Cited by 46 · see citing works

Time-Resolved Autoantibody Profiling Facilitates Stratification of Preclinical Type 1 Diabetes in Children

Endesfelder, D., zu Castell, W., Bonifacio, E. E., Rewers, M., Hagopian, W., She, J., Lernmark, Å., Toppari, J., Vehik, K., Williams, A. J. K., et al. (2018) · Diabetes · doi:10.2337/db18-0594 · Cited by 45 · see citing works

General population screening for childhood type 1 diabetes: is it time for a UK strategy?

Besser, R. E. J., Ng, S. M., Gregory, J. W., Dayan, C. M., Randell, T. L., & Barrett, T. G. (2021) · Archives of Disease in Childhood · doi:10.1136/archdischild-2021-321864 · Cited by 45 · see citing works

Age at Seroconversion, HLA Genotype, and Specificity of Autoantibodies in Progression of Islet Autoimmunity in Childhood

Bauer, W., Veijola, R., Lempainen, J., Kiviniemi, M., Härkönen, T., Toppari, J., Knip, M., Gyenesei, A., & Ilonen, J. (2019) · The Journal of Clinical Endocrinology & Metabolism · doi:10.1210/jc.2019-00421 · Cited by 41 · see citing works

Continuous glucose monitoring and HbA1c in the evaluation of glucose metabolism in children at high risk for type 1 diabetes mellitus

Helminen, O., Pokka, T. M.-L., Tossavainen, P. H., Ilonen, J., Knip, M., & Veijola, R. (2016) · Diabetes Research and Clinical Practice · doi:10.1016/j.diabres.2016.07.027 · Cited by 41 · see citing works

Dysregulation of glucose metabolism in preclinical type 1 diabetes

Veijola, R., Koskinen, M. K., Helminen, O., & Hekkala, A. (2016) · Pediatric Diabetes · doi:10.1111/pedi.12392 · Cited by 41 · see citing works

Common ground: shared risk factors for type 1 diabetes and celiac disease

Verdu, E. F., & Danska, J. S. (2018) · Nature Immunology · doi:10.1038/s41590-018-0130-2 · Cited by 39 · see citing works

Type 1 Diabetes Mellitus

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Screening and Prevention of Type 1 Diabetes: Where Are We?

Simmons, K. M., & Sims, E. K. (2023) · The Journal of Clinical Endocrinology & Metabolism · doi:10.1210/clinem/dgad328 · Cited by 39 · see citing works

SARS-CoV-2 Infection and Development of Islet Autoimmunity in Early Childhood

Lugar, M., Eugster, A., Achenbach, P., Berge, T. V. D., Berner, R., Besser, R. E. J., Casteels, K., Larsson, H. E., Gemulla, G., Kordonouri, O., et al. (2023) · JAMA · doi:10.1001/jama.2023.16348 · Cited by 37 · see citing works

The methylome of the gut microbiome: disparate Dam methylation patterns in intestinal Bacteroides dorei

Leonard, M. T., Davis‐Richardson, A. G., Ardissone, A. N., Kemppainen, K. M., Drew, J. C., Ilonen, J., Knip, M., Simell, O., Toppari, J., Veijola, R., et al. (2014) · Frontiers in Microbiology · doi:10.3389/fmicb.2014.00361 · Cited by 36 · see citing works

Allele-specific methylation of type 1 diabetes susceptibility genes

Kindt, A. S. D., Fuerst, R., Knoop, J., Laimighofer, M., Telieps, T., Hippich, M., Wörheide, M. A., Wahl, S., Wilson, R., Sedlmeier, E., et al. (2017) · Journal of Autoimmunity · doi:10.1016/j.jaut.2017.11.008 · Cited by 36 · see citing works

Peptide serum markers in islet autoantibody-positive children

von Toerne, C., Laimighofer, M., Achenbach, P., Beyerlein, A., Gala, T. D. L. H., Krumsiek, J., Theis, F. J., Ziegler, A. G., & Hauck, S. M. (2016) · Diabetologia · doi:10.1007/s00125-016-4150-x · Cited by 35 · see citing works

Circulating β cell-specific CD8+ T cells restricted by high-risk HLA class I molecules show antigen experience in children with and at risk of type 1 diabetes

Yeo, L., Pujol‐Autonell, I., Baptista, R., Eichmann, M., Kronenberg‐Versteeg, D., Heck, S., Dolton, G. M., Sewell, A. K., Härkönen, T., Mikk, M.-L., et al. (2019) · Clinical & Experimental Immunology · doi:10.1111/cei.13391 · Cited by 35 · see citing works

Activation of Islet Autoreactive Naïve T Cells in Infants Is Influenced by Homeostatic Mechanisms and Antigen-Presenting Capacity

Heninger, A., Monti, P., Wilhelm, C., Schwaiger, P., Kuehn, D., Ziegler, A., & Bonifacio, E. E. (2013) · Diabetes · doi:10.2337/db12-0942 · Cited by 33 · see citing works

Role of humoral beta-cell autoimmunity in type 1 diabetes

Knip, M., Siljander, H., Ilonen, J., Simell, O., & Veijola, R. (2016) · Pediatric Diabetes · doi:10.1111/pedi.12386 · Cited by 34 · see citing works

Intestinal Microbiota in Common Chronic Inflammatory Disorders Affecting Children

Torun, A., Hupalowska, A., Trzonkowski, P., Kierkuś, J., & Pyrzyńska, B. (2021) · Frontiers in Immunology · doi:10.3389/fimmu.2021.642166 · Cited by 34 · see citing works

Type 1 diabetes risk factors, risk prediction and presymptomatic detection: Evidence and guidance for screening

Bonifacio, E. E., & Ziegler, A. (2025) · Diabetes Obesity and Metabolism · doi:10.1111/dom.16354 · Cited by 33 · see citing works

A Key to T1D Prevention: Screening and Monitoring Relatives as Part of Clinical Care

Greenbaum, C. J. (2021) · Diabetes · doi:10.2337/db20-1112 · Cited by 32 · see citing works

Late-onset islet autoimmunity in childhood: the Diabetes Autoimmunity Study in the Young (DAISY)

Frohnert, B. I., Ide, L. M., Dong, F., Barón, A. E., Steck, A. K., Norris, J. M., & Rewers, M. (2017) · Diabetologia · doi:10.1007/s00125-017-4256-9 · Cited by 32 · see citing works

Early infant growth is associated with the risk of islet autoimmunity in genetically susceptible children

Beyerlein, A., Thiering, E., Pflueger, M., Bidlingmaier, M., Stock, J., Knopff, A., Winkler, C., Heinrich, J., & Ziegler, A. (2014) · Pediatric Diabetes · doi:10.1111/pedi.12118 · Cited by 32 · see citing works

Islet autoantibody screening in at-risk adolescents to predict type 1 diabetes until young adulthood: a prospective cohort study

Ghalwash, M. F., Anand, V., Lou, O., Martin, F., Rewers, M., Ziegler, A., Toppari, J., Hagopian, W., Veijola, R., Achenbach, P., et al. (2023) · The Lancet Child & Adolescent Health · doi:10.1016/s2352-4642(22)00350-9 · Cited by 31 · see citing works

GAD autoantibody affinity in schoolchildren from the general population

Bender, C., Schlosser, M., Christen, U., Ziegler, A. G., & Achenbach, P. (2014) · Diabetologia · doi:10.1007/s00125-014-3294-9 · Cited by 32 · see citing works

The countdown to type 1 diabetes: when, how and why does the clock start?

Ziegler, A.-G. (2023) · Diabetologia · doi:10.1007/s00125-023-05927-2 · Cited by 30 · see citing works

Joint modeling of longitudinal autoantibody patterns and progression to type 1 diabetes: results from the TEDDY study

TEDDY study group, Köhler, M., Beyerlein, A., Vehik, K., Greven, S., Umlauf, N., Lernmark, Å., Hagopian, W., Rewers, M., She, J., et al. (2017) · Acta Diabetologica · doi:10.1007/s00592-017-1033-7 · Cited by 30 · see citing works

Could the high consumption of high glycaemic index carbohydrates and sugars, associated with the nutritional transition to the Western type of diet, be the common cause of the obesity epidemic and the worldwide increasing incidences of Type 1 and Type 2 diabetes?

Sjöblad, S. (2019) · Medical Hypotheses · doi:10.1016/j.mehy.2019.02.027 · Cited by 30 · see citing works

Materno-Fetal Transfer of Preproinsulin Through the Neonatal Fc Receptor Prevents Autoimmune Diabetes

Čulina, S., Gupta, N., Boisgard, R., Afonso, G., Gagnerault, M. C., Dimitrov, J. D., Østerbye, T., Justesen, S. F. L., Luce, S., Attias, M., et al. (2015) · Diabetes · doi:10.2337/db15-0024 · Cited by 30 · see citing works

Current and Future Clinical Applications of Zinc Transporter-8 in Type 1 Diabetes Mellitus

Yi, B., Huang, G., & Zhou, Z. (2015) · Chinese Medical Journal · doi:10.4103/0366-6999.163389 · Cited by 29 · see citing works

Lessons and gaps in the prediction and prevention of type 1 diabetes

Mameli, C., Triolo, T. M., Chiarelli, F., Rewers, M., Zuccotti, G., & Simmons, K. M. (2023) · Pharmacological Research · doi:10.1016/j.phrs.2023.106792 · Cited by 32 · see citing works

Do Electrochemiluminescence Assays Improve Prediction of Time to Type 1 Diabetes in Autoantibody-Positive TrialNet Subjects?

Fouts, A., Pyle, L. L., Yu, L., Miao, D., Michels, A. W., Krischer, J. P., Sosenko, J. M., Gottlieb, P. A., Steck, A. K., & the Type 1 Diabetes TrialNet Study Group (2016) · Diabetes Care · doi:10.2337/dc16-0302 · Cited by 28 · see citing works

Early life origin of type 1 diabetes

Knip, M., Luopajärvi, K., & Härkönen, T. (2017) · Seminars in Immunopathology · doi:10.1007/s00281-017-0665-6 · Cited by 27 · see citing works

Early childhood CMV infection may decelerate the progression to clinical type 1 diabetes

Ekman, I., Vuorinen, T., Knip, M., Veijola, R., Toppari, J., Hyöty, H., Kinnunen, T. T., Ilonen, J., & Lempainen, J. (2018) · Pediatric Diabetes · doi:10.1111/pedi.12788 · Cited by 27 · see citing works

Coxsackievirus infection induces direct pancreatic β cell killing but poor antiviral CD8 + T cell responses

Vecchio, F., Carré, A., Korenkov, D. A., Zhou, Z., Apaolaza, P. S., Tuomela, S., Morales, O. B., Snowhite, I. V., Perez-Hernandez, J., Brandao, B., et al. (2024) · Science Advances · doi:10.1126/sciadv.adl1122 · Cited by 27 · see citing works

The Changing Landscape of Type 1 Diabetes: Recent Developments and Future Frontiers

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Screening of ZnT8 autoantibodies in the diagnosis of autoimmune diabetes in a large French cohort

Garnier, L., Marchand, L., Benoit, M., Nicolino, M. P., Bendelac, N., Wright, C. C., Moulin, P., Lombard, C., Thivolet, C. H., & Fabien, N. (2017) · Clinica Chimica Acta · doi:10.1016/j.cca.2017.12.043 · Cited by 26 · see citing works

New Insights into Immunotherapy Strategies for Treating Autoimmune Diabetes

Cabello-Olmo, M., Araña, M., Radichev, I., Smith, P., Huarte, E., & Barajas, M. (2019) · International Journal of Molecular Sciences · doi:10.3390/ijms20194789 · Cited by 27 · see citing works

Personalized Immunotherapies for Type 1 Diabetes: Who, What, When, and How?

Deligne, C., You, S., & Mallone, R. (2022) · Journal of Personalized Medicine · doi:10.3390/jpm12040542 · Cited by 25 · see citing works

Immune Intervention and Preservation of Pancreatic Beta Cell Function in Type 1 Diabetes

Simmons, K. M., Gottlieb, P. A., & Michels, A. W. (2016) · Current Diabetes Reports · doi:10.1007/s11892-016-0793-8 · Cited by 25 · see citing works

The Use of Continuous Glucose Monitoring to Diagnose Stage 2 Type 1 Diabetes

Mader, J. K., Wong, J. C., Freckmann, G., Garcia‐Tirado, J., Hirsch, I. B., Johnson, S. B., Kerr, D. E., Kim, S. H., Lal, R., Montaser, E., et al. (2025) · Journal of Diabetes Science and Technology · doi:10.1177/19322968251333441 · Cited by 26 · see citing works

Autoantibody‐defined risk for Type 1 diabetes mellitus in a general population of schoolchildren: results of the Karlsburg Type 1 Diabetes Risk Study after 18 years

Till, A. ‐., Kenk, H., Rjasanowski, I. M., Waßmuth, R., Walschus, U., Kerner, W., & Schlosser, M. (2014) · Diabetic Medicine · doi:10.1111/dme.12677 · Cited by 25 · see citing works

Novel Autoantibodies to the β-Cell Surface Epitopes of ZnT8 in Patients Progressing to Type-1 Diabetes

Gu, Y., Merriman, C., Guo, Z., Jia, X., Wenzlau, J. M., Li, H., Li, H., Rewers, M., Yu, L., & Fu, D. (2020) · Journal of Autoimmunity · doi:10.1016/j.jaut.2021.102677 · Cited by 24 · see citing works

Maternal Microchimerism: Increased in the Insulin Positive Compartment of Type 1 Diabetes Pancreas but Not in Infiltrating Immune Cells or Replicating Islet Cells

Ye, Y., Vives‐Pi, M., & Gillespie, K. M. (2014) · PLoS ONE · doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0086985 · Cited by 24 · see citing works

ARTICLE

Saarinen, M., Ilonen, J., Ilonen, J., Hyöty, H., Hyöty, H., Veijola, R., & Veijola, R. (2011)

Paving the way for evidence-based population screening for type 1 diabetes

Kordonouri, O., Berge, T. V. D., & Danne, T. (2023) · The Lancet Child & Adolescent Health · doi:10.1016/s2352-4642(23)00001-9 · Cited by 1 · see citing works

Pinpointing progression to T1DM in children at genetic risk

Wilson, C. (2012) · Nature Reviews Endocrinology · doi:10.1038/nrendo.2012.58

Seroconversion to multiple islet autoantibodies and risk of progression to diabetes in children

Ziegler, A. G., Rewers, M., Simell, O., Simell, T., Lempainen, J., Steck, A., Winkler, C., Ilonen, J., Veijola, R., Knip, M., et al. (2013) · JAMA · doi:10.1001/jama.2013.6285 · Cited by 1,312 · see citing works

Immunization profiles and progression of islet autoimmunity in children at type 1 diabetes risk

Chmiel, R., Krause, S. W., Knopff, A., Matzke, C., Höfelmann, D., Schenkel, J., Ziegler, A., & Achenbach, P. (2012) · Diabetologie und Stoffwechsel · doi:10.1055/s-0032-1314464