Infections and risk of type I (insulin-dependent) diabetes mellitus in Lithuanian children
Open accessAbstract
Aims/hypothesis The role of infections in the aetiology of Type I diabetes is controversial. Certain enteroviral infections might be involved in triggering the beta-cell destruction but insufficient exposure to early infections might increase the risk. We studied how the number of infections experienced during several periods from birth to onset influence diabetes risk.Methods The study group came from the five largest Lithuanian cities: 124 patients, selected from the 0-14 years-of-age childhood diabetes register and 372 population-based control subjects matched with them for age group and sex. Information about infections and duration of breastfeeding was collected from health care booklets, other data from a mailed questionnaire, returned by 94.4% of patients and 72.6 % of control subjects.Results One or more infections experienced during the first half year of life tended to reduce diabetes risk. Crude odds ratios (95% confidence intervals) in the 0-14, 0-4 and 5-14 years-of-age groups were 0.66 (0.42-1.04), 1.06 (0.48-2.36) and 0.52 (0.30-0.90) respectively. Adjustment for the duration of breastfeeding, number of people in the household, duration of mother's education and birth order of the index child made little difference. Odds ratios (95 % confidence intervals) in the 0-14, 0-4 and 5-14 years-of-age groups were 0.60 (0.37-0.98), 0.94 (0.40-2.20) and 0.47 (0.26-0.87), respectively. The number of infections recorded during the last pre-onset year or from birth to onset did not influence diabetes risk.Conclusion/interpretation Exposure to infections early in life could decrease diabetes risk, particularly for children diagnosed after the age of 4 years.
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A seasonal pattern in type 1 diabetes onset, with increased cases in late autumn, winter, and early spring, has been well known and repeatedly confirmed in youth.
“A seasonal pattern in the onset of T1D with increased cases during late autumn, winter, and early spring has been well known and repeatedly confirmed in youth70”
From Epidemiology of type 1 diabetes (2010) · cites this paper as [70]
A recent Swedish report on more than 5,800 patients aged 15-34 found higher type 1 diabetes incidence during January-March and lowest during May-July, with no difference by gender.
“a recent report from Sweden on more than 5800 patients 15–34 years of age found the higher incidence during January–March and the lowest during May–July with no difference by gender70.”
From Epidemiology of type 1 diabetes (2010) · cites this paper as [70]
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- Authors
- Pundziūtė-Lyckå, A., Urbonaitė, B., & Dahlquist, G.
- Affiliations
- Umeå University (SE)
- Lithuanian University of Health Sciences (LT)
- Venue
- Diabetologia
- Published
- 2000-10-02
- Volume
- 43
- Issue
- 10
- Pages
- 1229-1234
- ISSN
- 0012-186X (ISSN-L)
- OpenAlex
- W2051414177
- Cited by
- 49
- References
- 34
- Citations by year
- 2022: 1 · 2020: 1 · 2019: 2 · 2018: 1 · 2017: 3 · 2016: 2 · 2015: 1 · 2014: 2 · 2013: 2 · 2012: 1
- FWCI
- 1.76
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- bronze
- doi.org
- Licence
- www.springer.com/tdm (tdm)
- Locations
- Diabetologia (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Lithuanian University of Health Sciences (submittedVersion)
- Topics
- Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Genetics › Diabetes and associated disorders
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism › Diabetes Management and Research
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Cardiology and Cardiovascular Medicine › Viral Infections and Immunology Research
- Keywords
- type 1 diabetes, pediatric diabetes, infection exposure, enterovirus infection, beta cell destruction, breastfeeding, infection hypothesis, diabetes risk, Lithuanian children
- MeSH terms
- Adolescent, Breast Feeding, Child, Child, Preschool, Diabetes Mellitus, Type 1, Female, Humans, Infant, Infant, Newborn, Infections, Lithuania, Male, Risk Factors, Time Factors, Logistic Models
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