Cited by 119Workplace Health and Well-beingOccupational Health and BurnoutAnxiety, Depression, Psychometrics, Treatment, Cognitive Processes

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Anxiety and depression in the working population using the HAD Scale: Psychometrics, prevalence and relationships with psychosocial work characteristics

Andrea, H., Bültmann, U., Beurskens, A. J. H. M., Swaen, G. M. H., van Schayck, C. P., Kant, I. J.·2004·Social Psychiatry and Psychiatric Epidemiology

DOI 10.1007/s00127-004-0797-6

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Abstract

Background The purposes of this study were: 1) to explore the psychometric properties of the HAD Scale in the working population, 2) to determine the prevalence of anxiety and depression on two severity levels among employees, and 3) to examine whether psychosocial work-related determinants for both categories of mental health problems may differ.Methods Data were taken from 7482 employees participating in the epidemiological Maastricht Cohort Study on Fatigue at Work. Anxiety and depression were measured with the easy to administer self-report Hospital Anxiety and Depression (HAD) Scale, while several questionnaires and self-formulated questions were used to measure psychosocial work-related characteristics.Results A principal component analysis indicated that the HAD Scale enables measuring anxiety and depression as separate constructs among employees. On a subclinical level, prevalences of anxiety and depression were both considerable: anxiety prevalences were 8.2 % for males and 10 % for females, and depression prevalences were 7.1% for males and 6.2% for females. Regarding self-reported psychosocial work characteristics, in multivariate regression analyses partly differential cross-sectional associations were found for anxiety and depression.Conclusions The results indicate that subclinical anxiety and depression are considerable in the working population and provide suggestive evidence that diagnosing, preventing or managing anxiety and depression among employees may require focusing on different aspects of their psychosocial work environment.

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Klemenc–Ketiš, Z., & Peterlin, B. (2013) · Archives of Industrial Hygiene and Toxicology · doi:10.2478/10004-1254-64-2013-2360 · Cited by 10
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Signaleringsrapport Beroepsziekten '04
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Using scalability coefficients and conditional association to assess monotone homogeneity
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Integration of a Return-to-Work Module in Cognitive Behavioral Therapy in Patients With Major Depressive Disorder and Long-Term Sick Leave—A Feasibility Study
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“, depression, anxiety, and adjustment disorder (3, 4).”
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“The assessment utilises the Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale (HADS) (Zigmond and Snaith, 1983), nominated as the primary measure as it captures information about both depression and anxiety as well as having been validated previously for use with employees (Andrea et al., 2004; Bocerean and Dupret, 2014).”
Method
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Sambasivam, R., Jeyagurunathan, A., Abdin, E., Shafie, S., Chang, S. S. H., Vaingankar, J. A., Chong, S. A., & Subramaniam, M. (2021) · International Archives of Occupational and Environmental Health · doi:10.1007/s00420-021-01741-8 · Cited by 6
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History of mood and anxiety disorders affects return to work and return to sports after rotator cuff repair
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Élaboration et qualités psychométriques d’une échelle de bien-être au travail. Étude SERENAT auprès de salariés vus en médecine du travail
Servant, D., Drumez, É., Raynal, S., Demarty, A.-L., Salembier, A., Deschepper, M. H., Bizet, M. A., Pisanu-Zimny, A., Culem, J. B., Labreuche, J., et al. (2019) · Revue d Épidémiologie et de Santé Publique · doi:10.1016/j.respe.2019.05.011 · Cited by 4
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Anxiety Modifies the Association between Fatigue and Verbal Fluency in Cognitively Normal Adults
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“Our examination of subclinical symptoms is important given their high prevalence (Andrea et al., 2004; Blazer, Hughes, & George, 1987; Bryant, Jackson, & Ames, 2008) and association with an increased risk for clinical disorders (Cuijpers & Smit, 2004).”
Background
EMOTIONS AND WORK BURNOUT FROM THE REBT PERSPECTIVE: A SHORT–TERM PROSPECTIVE STUDY
Popov, B., Jelić, D., Raković, S., & Matanović, J. (2018) · Primenjena psihologija · doi:10.19090/pp.2018.3.365-384 · Cited by 2
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Effect of Dance Therapy on Stress Among Geriatrics
Sivasubramanian, N., Patel, N. P., Mahalakshmi, B., & Prakash, D. (2023) · International Journal of Life Science and Pharma Research · doi:10.22376/ijlpr.2023.13.2.l125-l132 · Cited by 1
Die ungerechte Organisation: Die Bedeutung des Gerechtigkeitserlebens für Gesundheit und Arbeitssicherheit
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Job insecurity: Assessment, causes and consequences in a South African gold mining group
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The economic value of depression treatmentin the Netherlands
van Geldrop, A. (2013) · Cited by 1
Relationship satisfaction, emotional distress,and relationship dissolution: : a population-based study on pregnant women and their partners
Røsand, G.-M. B. (2011) · NORA - Norwegian Open Research Archives · Cited by 1
Características do trabalho e saúde mental de docentes de uma universidade pública: um estudo de métodos mistos
Matias, A. B. (2022) · doi:10.11606/t.5.2022.tde-18042022-110401 · Cited by 1
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Lexis, M. A. S. (2011) · Research Publications (Maastricht University) · doi:10.26481/dis.20110520ml

Authors: Andrea, H., Bültmann, U., Beurskens, A. J. H. M., Swaen, G. M. H., van Schayck, C. P., & Kant, I. J.
Affiliations: Maastricht University (NL)
Zuyd University of Applied Sciences (NL)
Corresponding author: Andrea, H.
ORCID: Andrea, H.
Bültmann, U.
Beurskens, A. J. H. M.
Swaen, G. M. H.
Kant, I. J.
Venue: Social Psychiatry and Psychiatric Epidemiology
Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Published: 2004-08
Volume: 39
Issue: 8
Pages: 637-646
ISSN: 0933-7954 (ISSN-L)
1433-9285
DOI: 10.1007/s00127-004-0797-6
OpenAlex: W2123860724
Cited by: 119
References: 33
Citations by year: 2026: 1 · 2024: 8 · 2023: 5 · 2022: 3 · 2021: 6 · 2020: 4 · 2019: 9 · 2018: 5 · 2017: 4 · 2016: 8 · 2015: 5 · 2014: 5 · 2013: 7 · 2012: 9
FWCI: 5.68
Type: journal article
Language: en
Open access: closed
Licence: www.springer.com/tdm (tdm)
Locations: Social Psychiatry and Psychiatric Epidemiology (publishedVersion)
PubMed (publishedVersion)
Funders: Nederlandse Organisatie voor Wetenschappelijk Onderzoek
Topics: Health Sciences › Medicine › Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health › Workplace Health and Well-being
Health Sciences › Medicine › Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health › Occupational Health and Burnout
Social Sciences › Psychology › Experimental and Cognitive Psychology › Anxiety, Depression, Psychometrics, Treatment, Cognitive Processes
Keywords: anxiety, depression, subclinical anxiety, subthreshold depression, working population, workers, psychometric properties, psychosocial work environment, prevalence, sex differences, workplace mental health
MeSH terms: Adult, Anxiety Disorders, Cross-Sectional Studies, Depressive Disorder, Female, Humans, Male, Middle Aged, Netherlands, Occupational Diseases, Personality Inventory, Prospective Studies, Regression Analysis, Cohort Studies

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Anxiety and depression in the working population using the HAD Scale: Psychometrics, prevalence and relationships with psychosocial work characteristics

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