Homelessness among a nationally representative sample of US veterans: prevalence, service utilization, and correlates
Abstract
Purpose To examine the prevalence of lifetime homelessness among veterans and use of Veterans Affairs (VA) homeless services, as well as their association with sociodemographic and clinical characteristics.Methods A nationally representative sample of 1533 US veterans was surveyed July-August 2015.Results Among all veterans, 8.5 % reported any lifetime homelessness in their adult life, but only 17.2 % of those reported using VA homeless services. Prevalence of homelessness and VA homeless service use did not significantly differ by gender. Being low income, aged 35-44, and having poor mental and physical health were each independently associated with lifetime homelessness. Veterans who were White or lived in rural areas were significantly less likely to have used VA homeless services.Conclusions Homelessness remains a substantial problem across different generations of veterans. The low reported uptake of VA homeless services suggests there are barriers to care in this population, especially for veterans who live in rural areas. Governmental resources dedicated to veteran homelessness should be supported, and obtaining accurate prevalence estimates are important to tracking progress over time.
Integrity signals
Registry
Cites
Statistics
Claims the paper makes
Claims other papers make about this one
Each is checked against this paper’s own text: does it say what the citing paper says it does?
Difficulties with adjustment and reintegration are associated with poorer outcomes in mental health, social and family relationships, employment and financial security, physical health, and stable housing.
“Difficulties with adjustment and reintegration are associated with poorer outcomes in mental health [5], social and family relationships [1, 9–11], employment and financial security [1,2,12), physical health [12] and stable housing [13, 14].”
From Feasibility, acceptability, and initial outcomes of a psychological adjustment and reintegration program for transitioned military veterans (2024) · cites this paper as [13]
Cites
Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders
American Psychiatric Association (2013) · doi:10.1176/appi.books.9780890425596 · Cited by 116,369 · see citing works
Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders
Williams, J. B. W., & First, M. B. (2013) · Oxford University Press eBooks · doi:10.1093/acrefore/9780199975839.013.104 · Cited by 109,841 · see citing works
Sherbourne, C. D., & Stewart, A. L. (1991) · Social Science & Medicine · doi:10.1016/0277-9536(91)90150-b · Cited by 6,643 · see citing works
Bush, K. (1998) · Archives of Internal Medicine · doi:10.1001/archinte.158.16.1789 · Cited by 6,196 · see citing works
An Ultra-Brief Screening Scale for Anxiety and Depression: The PHQ–4
Kroenke, K., Spitzer, R. L., Williams, J. B. W., & Löwe, B. (2009) · Psychosomatics · doi:10.1016/s0033-3182(09)70864-3 · Cited by 4,261 · see citing works
Fienberg, S. E., & Tanur, J. M. (2016) · Wiley StatsRef: Statistics Reference Online · doi:10.1002/9781118445112.stat00032.pub2 · Cited by 1,379 · see citing works
Are Patients at Veterans Affairs Medical Centers Sicker?
Agha, Z., Lofgren, R. P., VanRuiswyk, J. V., & Layde, P. M. (2000) · Archives of Internal Medicine · doi:10.1001/archinte.160.21.3252 · Cited by 744 · see citing works
Folsom, D. P., Hawthorne, W. B., Lindamer, L. A., Gilmer, T., Bailey, A. L., Golshan, S., Garcia, P., Unützer, J., Hough, R. L., & Jeste, D. V. (2005) · American Journal of Psychiatry · doi:10.1176/appi.ajp.162.2.370 · Cited by 551 · see citing works
Lifetime and five-year prevalence of homelessness in the United States.
Link, B. G., Susser, E., Stueve, A., Phelan, J. C., Moore, R. E., & Struening, E. L. (1994) · American Journal of Public Health · doi:10.2105/ajph.84.12.1907 · Cited by 362 · see citing works
Self-citationRisk Factors for Homelessness Among US Veterans
Tsai, J., & Rosenheck, R. A. (2015) · Epidemiologic Reviews · doi:10.1093/epirev/mxu004 · Cited by 303 · see citing works
Self-citationMorland, L. A., Greene, C. J., Rosen, C. S., Foy, D., Reilly, P., Shore, J., He, Q., & Frueh, C. (2010) · The Journal of Clinical Psychiatry · doi:10.4088/jcp.09m05604blu · Cited by 274 · see citing works
Implementation of evidence-based alcohol screening in the Veterans Health Administration.
Bradley, K. A., Williams, E. C., Achtmeyer, C. E., Volpp, B. D., Collins, B. J., & Kivlahan, D. R. (2006) · PubMed · Cited by 247 · see citing works
Pietrzak, R. H., & Cook, J. M. (2013) · Depression and Anxiety · doi:10.1002/da.22083 · Cited by 215 · see citing works
Self-citationSusser, E., Moore, R., & Link, B. (1993) · Epidemiologic Reviews · doi:10.1093/oxfordjournals.epirev.a036133 · Cited by 204 · see citing works
Self-citationEdens, E. L., Kasprow, W. J., Tsai, J., & Rosenheck, R. A. (2011) · American Journal on Addictions · doi:10.1111/j.1521-0391.2011.00166.x · Cited by 162 · see citing works
Self-citationPrevalence and Risk of Homelessness Among US Veterans
Fargo Jamison, D., Metraux, S., Byrne, T. H., Munley, E. A., Montgomery, A. E., & Jones, H. (2012) · Preventing Chronic Disease · doi:10.5888/pcd9.110112 · Cited by 152 · see citing works
Henry, M., Cortes, A., Morris, S., Khadduri, J., & Culhane, D. P. (2013) · Cited by 150 · see citing works
Link, B. G., Phelan, J. C., Bresnahan, M. A., Stueve, A., Moore, R. E., & Susser, E. (1995) · American Journal of Orthopsychiatry · doi:10.1037/h0079653 · Cited by 130 · see citing works
Self-citationVeterans Using and Uninsured Veterans Not Using Veterans Affairs (VA) Health Care
Nelson, K. M., Starkebaum, G. A., & Reiber, G. E. (2007) · Public Health Reports · doi:10.1177/003335490712200113 · Cited by 122 · see citing works
Risk factors for homelessness among women with schizophrenia.
Caton, C. L. M., Shrout, P. E., Domínguez‐Gil, B., Eagle, P. F., Opler, L. A., & Cournos, F. (1995) · American Journal of Public Health · doi:10.2105/ajph.85.8_pt_1.1153 · Cited by 117 · see citing works
Homelessness in the United States: Assessing Changes in Prevalence and Public Opinion, 1993–2001
Tompsett, C. J., Toro, P. A., Guzicki, M., Manrique, M., & Zatakia, J. (2006) · American Journal of Community Psychology · doi:10.1007/s10464-005-9007-2 · Cited by 93 · see citing works
Amstadter, A. B., Begle, A. M., Cisler, J. M., Hernandez, M. A., Muzzy, W. A., & Acierno, R. E. (2010) · American Journal of Geriatric Psychiatry · doi:10.1097/jgp.0b013e3181ca7ef2 · Cited by 87 · see citing works
Research on Rural Veterans: An Analysis of the Literature
Weeks, W. B., Wallace, A. E., West, A. N., Heady, H. R., & Hawthorne, K. (2008) · The Journal of Rural Health · doi:10.1111/j.1748-0361.2008.00179.x · Cited by 79 · see citing works
Greenberg, G. A., & Rosenheck, R. A. (2009) · Administration and Policy in Mental Health and Mental Health Services Research · doi:10.1007/s10488-009-0243-x · Cited by 75 · see citing works
Self-citationMortality among Homeless and Nonhomeless Mentally Ill Veterans
Kasprow, W. J., & Rosenheck, R. A. (2000) · The Journal of Nervous and Mental Disease · doi:10.1097/00005053-200003000-00003 · Cited by 70 · see citing works
Self-citationMetraux, S., Clegg, L. X., Daigh, J. D., Culhane, D. P., & Kane, V. R. (2013) · American Journal of Public Health · doi:10.2105/ajph.2013.301432 · Cited by 70 · see citing works
Factors Predicting Choice of Provider Among Homeless Veterans With Mental Illness
Gamache, G., Rosenheck, R. A., & Tessler, R. C. (2000) · Psychiatric Services · doi:10.1176/appi.ps.51.8.1024 · Cited by 52 · see citing works
Self-citationCharacteristics of Veterans and Nonveterans in Three Samples of Homeless Men
Rosenheck, R., & Koegel, P. (1993) · Psychiatric Services · doi:10.1176/ps.44.9.858 · Cited by 50 · see citing works
Self-citationDo Homeless Veterans Have the Same Needs and Outcomes as Non-Veterans?
Tsai, J., Mares, A. S., & Rosenheck, R. A. (2012) · Military Medicine · doi:10.7205/milmed-d-11-00128 · Cited by 47 · see citing works
Self-citationHomelessness Among Female Veterans: A Systematic Review of the Literature
Byrne, T., Montgomery, A. E., & Dichter, M. E. (2013) · Women & Health · doi:10.1080/03630242.2013.817504 · Cited by 45 · see citing works
Military Misconduct and Homelessness Among US Veterans Separated From Active Duty, 2001-2012
Gundlapalli, A. V., Fargo, J. D., Metraux, S., Carter, M. E., Samore, M. H., Kane, V. R., & Culhane, D. P. (2015) · JAMA · doi:10.1001/jama.2015.8207 · Cited by 39 · see citing works
Increased Mortality Among Older Veterans Admitted to VA Homelessness Programs
Schinka, J. A., Bossarte, R. M., Curtiss, G., Lapcevic, W. A., & Casey, R. J. (2015) · Psychiatric Services · doi:10.1176/appi.ps.201500095 · Cited by 38 · see citing works
Tsai, J., Kasprow, W. J., Kane, V. R., & Rosenheck, R. A. (2013) · Women s Health Issues · doi:10.1016/j.whi.2013.09.007 · Cited by 34 · see citing works
Self-citationTsai, J., & Rosenheck, R. A. (2014) · American Journal of Public Health · doi:10.2105/ajph.2013.301791 · Cited by 25 · see citing works
Self-citationTsai, J., Ramaswamy, S., Bhatia, S. C., & Rosenheck, R. A. (2015) · American Journal of Community Psychology · doi:10.1007/s10464-015-9746-7 · Cited by 10 · see citing works
Self-citationMohamed, S. (2012) · Psychiatric Quarterly · doi:10.1007/s11126-012-9231-5 · Cited by 7 · see citing works
Flagged first, then by citations
Cited by
Sorted by citations
Rosenberg, M. S., Luetke, M. C., Hensel, D. J., Kianersi, S., Fu, T., & Herbenick, D. (2021) · Social Psychiatry and Psychiatric Epidemiology · doi:10.1007/s00127-020-02002-8 · Cited by 140 · see citing works
Tsai, J. (2017) · Journal of Public Health · doi:10.1093/pubmed/fdx034 · Cited by 122 · see citing works
Self-citationThe Problem of Veteran Homelessness: An Update for the New Decade
Tsai, J., Pietrzak, R. H., & Szymkowiak, D. (2021) · American Journal of Preventive Medicine · doi:10.1016/j.amepre.2020.12.012 · Cited by 78 · see citing works
Self-citationNarasimhan, L. S., Gopikumar, V., Jayakumar, V., Bunders, J., & Regeer, B. J. (2019) · International Journal of Mental Health Systems · doi:10.1186/s13033-019-0313-8 · Cited by 73 · see citing works
The National Health and Resilience in Veterans Study: A Narrative Review and Future Directions
Fogle, B. M., Tsai, J., Mota, N. P., Harpaz‐Rotem, I., Krystal, J. H., Southwick, S. M., & Pietrzak, R. H. (2020) · Frontiers in Psychiatry · doi:10.3389/fpsyt.2020.538218 · Cited by 76 · see citing works
Self-citationManhapra, A., Stefanovics, E. A., & Rosenheck, R. A. (2021) · Drug and Alcohol Dependence · doi:10.1016/j.drugalcdep.2021.108714 · Cited by 45 · see citing works
Self-citationThe Annual Homeless Point-in-Time Count: Limitations and Two Different Solutions
Tsai, J., & Alarcón, J. (2022) · American Journal of Public Health · doi:10.2105/ajph.2021.306640 · Cited by 39 · see citing works
Self-citationTsai, J., & Kelton, K. F. (2022) · Journal of Community Psychology · doi:10.1002/jcop.22912 · Cited by 36 · see citing works
Self-citationRace matters in addressing homelessness: A scoping review and call for critical research
Richard, M. K. (2023) · American Journal of Community Psychology · doi:10.1002/ajcp.12700 · Cited by 32 · see citing works
Dichter, M. E., Wagner, C. A., Borrero, S. B., Broyles, L. M., & Montgomery, A. E. (2017) · Psychological Services · doi:10.1037/ser0000132 · Cited by 31 · see citing works
Holliday, R. P., Forster, J. E., Desai, A., Miller, C. N., Monteith, L. L., Schneiderman, A., & Hoffmire, C. A. (2021) · Journal of Psychiatric Research · doi:10.1016/j.jpsychires.2021.11.007 · Cited by 32 · see citing works
Nichter, B., Tsai, J., & Pietrzak, R. H. (2022) · Psychological Medicine · doi:10.1017/s0033291722000617 · Cited by 32 · see citing works
Self-citationAddressing Veteran Homelessness to Prevent Veteran Suicides
Tsai, J., Trevisan, L. A., Huang, M., & Pietrzak, R. H. (2018) · Psychiatric Services · doi:10.1176/appi.ps.201700482 · Cited by 28 · see citing works
Self-citationAssociation of Social and Behavioral Risk Factors With Mortality Among US Veterans With COVID-19
Kelly, J. D., Bravata, D. M., Bent, S., Wray, C. M., Leonard, S. J., Boscardin, W. J., Myers, L. J., & Keyhani, S. (2021) · JAMA Network Open · doi:10.1001/jamanetworkopen.2021.13031 · Cited by 25 · see citing works
VHA-Enrolled Homeless Veterans Are at Increased Risk for Eating Disorder Diagnoses
Livingston, W. S., Brignone, E., Fargo, J. D., Gundlapalli, A. V., Maguen, S., & Blais, R. K. (2018) · Military Medicine · doi:10.1093/milmed/usy175 · Cited by 17 · see citing works
Adults Experiencing Homelessness in the US–Mexico Border Region: A Photovoice Project
Moya, E. M., Chávez-Baray, S. M., Loweree, J., Mattera, B., & Martinez, N. (2017) · Frontiers in Public Health · doi:10.3389/fpubh.2017.00113 · Cited by 16 · see citing works
The effect of combat exposure on veteran homelessness
Ackerman, A., Porter, B., & Sullivan, R. S. (2020) · Journal of Housing Economics · doi:10.1016/j.jhe.2020.101711 · Cited by 15 · see citing works
Predicting Homelessness Among U.S. Army Soldiers No Longer on Active Duty
Koh, K. A., Montgomery, A. E., O’Brien, R. W., Kennedy, C. J., Luedtke, A. R., Sampson, N. A., Gildea, S. M., Hwang, I. H., King, A. J., Petriceks, A. H., et al. (2022) · American Journal of Preventive Medicine · doi:10.1016/j.amepre.2021.12.028 · Cited by 13 · see citing works
Naifeh, J. A., Capaldi, V. F., Chu, C., King, A. J., Koh, K. A., Marx, B. P., Montgomery, A. E., O’Brien, R. W., Sampson, N. A., Stanley, I. H., et al. (2022) · Military Medicine · doi:10.1093/milmed/usac232 · Cited by 13 · see citing works
Self-citationVoorhees, E. E. V., Resnik, L. J., Johnson, E. E., & O'Toole, T. P. (2018) · Psychological Services · doi:10.1037/ser0000231 · Cited by 13 · see citing works
Twamley, E. W., Hays, C. C., Patten, R. V., Seewald, P. M., Orff, H. J., Depp, C. A., Olsen, D. C., & Jak, A. J. (2018) · Psychiatry Research · doi:10.1016/j.psychres.2018.11.049 · Cited by 12 · see citing works
Holliday, R., Kinney, A. R., Smith, A. A., Forster, J. E., Liu, S., Monteith, L. L., & Brenner, L. (2022) · Journal of Affective Disorders · doi:10.1016/j.jad.2022.07.062 · Cited by 10 · see citing works
Baur, J., & Cerveny, L. (2019) · Landscape and Urban Planning · doi:10.1016/j.landurbplan.2018.12.006 · Cited by 11 · see citing works
Albright, D. L., McDaniel, J. T., Suntai, Z., Horan, H. L., & York, M. M. (2021) · Maternal and Child Health Journal · doi:10.1007/s10995-021-03171-x · Cited by 10 · see citing works
Flike, K., & Byrne, T. H. (2023) · Women s Health · doi:10.1177/17455057231189550 · Cited by 9 · see citing works
Roadblocks to Housing after Disaster: Homeless Veterans’ Experiences after Hurricane Sandy
Gin, J. L., Der‐Martirosian, C., Stanik, C. E., & Dobalian, A. (2019) · Natural Hazards Review · doi:10.1061/(asce)nh.1527-6996.0000330 · Cited by 9 · see citing works
Stefanovics, E. A., Potenza, M. N., Tsai, J., & Pietrzak, R. H. (2024) · Journal of Gambling Studies · doi:10.1007/s10899-024-10359-7 · Cited by 8 · see citing works
Self-citationCusack, M. C., Montgomery, A. E., Harris, T. E., Roncarati, J. S., Brecht, T., Antonellis, C., Byrne, T. H., Tsai, J., & True, G. (2022) · Health & Social Care in the Community · doi:10.1111/hsc.14077 · Cited by 8 · see citing works
Self-citationHilferty, F., Katz, I., Hooff, M. V., & Lawrence‐Wood, E. (2020) · Australian Journal of Social Issues · doi:10.1002/ajs4.123 · Cited by 8 · see citing works
Tsai, J., Grace, A., & Vazquez, M. (2022) · Journal of Community Health · doi:10.1007/s10900-022-01166-5 · Cited by 8 · see citing works
Self-citationPrevalence of diabetes among homeless men in Nagoya, Japan: A survey study
Yamamoto, M., Watanabe, T., Uehara, R., Horita, R., Sado, T., & Nishio, A. (2018) · Journal of Diabetes Investigation · doi:10.1111/jdi.12943 · Cited by 8 · see citing works
Romaniuk, M., Saunders-Dow, E., Brown, K., & Batterham, P. J. (2024) · BMC Psychology · doi:10.1186/s40359-024-02097-7 · Cited by 7 · see citing works
“Difficulties with adjustment and reintegration are associated with poorer outcomes in mental health [5], social and family relationships [1, 9–11], employment and financial security [1,2,12), physical health [12] and stable housing [13, 14].”
BackgroundUmucu, E., Lee, B., Chang, C., Szymkowiak, D., & Tsai, J. (2024) · American Journal of Community Psychology · doi:10.1002/ajcp.12751 · Cited by 7 · see citing works
Self-citationSocial Network Cohesion among Veterans Living in Recovery Homes
Guerrero, M., & Jason, L. (2020) · Military Behavioral Health · doi:10.1080/21635781.2020.1796859 · Cited by 6 · see citing works
Stefanovics, E. A., Potenza, M. N., Szymkowiak, D., & Tsai, J. (2023) · Journal of Psychiatric Research · doi:10.1016/j.jpsychires.2023.05.062 · Cited by 7 · see citing works
Self-citationHealth Care Utilization Among Homeless Veterans in Chicago
Raad, J. H., Tarlov, E., Kho, A., & French, D. D. (2019) · Military Medicine · doi:10.1093/milmed/usz264 · Cited by 7 · see citing works
Powell, V. D., Macleod, C., Sussman, J. B., Lin, L. A., Bohnert, A. S. B., & Lagisetty, P. (2022) · Journal of General Internal Medicine · doi:10.1007/s11606-022-07732-w · Cited by 6 · see citing works
Risk Factors for Homelessness Among Post-9/11 Era Veterans
Metraux, S., Kolaja, C. A., Crone, B., Byrne, T. H., Rull, R. P., & Porter, B. (2024) · Armed Forces & Society · doi:10.1177/0095327x241259080 · Cited by 5 · see citing works
Gin, J. L., Balut, M. D., & Dobalian, A. (2022) · Military Behavioral Health · doi:10.1080/21635781.2022.2123415 · Cited by 5 · see citing works
Stefanovics, E. A., Potenza, M. N., & Tsai, J. (2023) · Journal of Gambling Studies · doi:10.1007/s10899-023-10257-4 · Cited by 4 · see citing works
Self-citationEpidemiology of Homelessness Among Veterans
Brignone, E., Fargo, J. D., & Culhane, D. P. (2018) · doi:10.1093/oso/9780190695132.003.0002 · Cited by 4 · see citing works
Reservists and Veterans: Viewed from Within and Without
Griffith, J. E., Connelly, V. J., Catignani, S., & Johansson, E. (2020) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-3-030-02866-4_34-1 · Cited by 4 · see citing works
Trends in Homelessness and Social Sustainability: Veterans vs. Non-Veterans in the US
Leite, Â. M. T., & da Silva, C. V. (2025) · Healthcare · doi:10.3390/healthcare13090967 · Cited by 3 · see citing works
The Role of Homeless Shelter Workers: A Study of Staff Serving Homeless Veterans
Yamada, M. (2022) · Journal of Applied Social Science · doi:10.1177/19367244211069950 · Cited by 3 · see citing works
Yamamoto, M., Horita, R., Sado, T., & Nishio, A. (2020) · Internal Medicine · doi:10.2169/internalmedicine.2452-18 · Cited by 3 · see citing works
Soncrant, C., Mills, P. D., Louis, R. P., & Gunnar, W. (2021) · Journal of Patient Safety · doi:10.1097/pts.0000000000000884 · Cited by 3 · see citing works
A Novel Resident Experience in a Veteran’s Homeless Center
Williams, J. C., Lo, E., & Iheanacho, T. (2017) · Academic Psychiatry · doi:10.1007/s40596-017-0842-x · Cited by 2 · see citing works
Treating Homeless People With Psychiatric Disorders
Casavola, V., Giampieri, E., Paggi, E., Scialò, C., Possenti, C., Stefano, B., Lorusso, O., di Giacomo, E., & Clerici, M. (2023) · The Journal of Nervous and Mental Disease · doi:10.1097/nmd.0000000000001709 · Cited by 2 · see citing works
Obesity in U.S. low-income veterans:Prevalence, clinical characteristics, and homelessness
Stefanovics, E. A., Potenza, M. N., & Tsai, J. (2024) · Journal of Psychiatric Research · doi:10.1016/j.jpsychires.2024.03.041 · Cited by 2 · see citing works
Self-citationBeydoun, H. A., Vieytes, C. A. M., Beydoun, M. A., Lampros, A., & Tsai, J. (2024) · PLoS ONE · doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0314339 · Cited by 2 · see citing works
Self-citationAccess to Care for Homeless Veterans During Disasters
Gable, A. R., Der‐Martirosian, C., & Dobalian, A. (2018) · Journal of Primary Care & Community Health · doi:10.1177/2150132718815382 · Cited by 2 · see citing works
Physician explanation of Z-coded homelessness in medicaid claims
Enich, M., Tiderington, E., & Cantor, J. C. (2025) · Health Services and Outcomes Research Methodology · doi:10.1007/s10742-025-00360-x · Cited by 2 · see citing works
Holliday, R. P., Edwards, E. R., & Brenner, L. A. (2026) · Brain Injury · doi:10.1080/02699052.2026.2635661 · Cited by 1 · see citing works
Hunter, S. B., Henwood, B. F., Ramchand, R., Holliday, S. B., & Garvey, R. (2021) · RAND Corporation eBooks · doi:10.7249/rra1320-1 · Cited by 1 · see citing works
Agarwal, P. D. (2022) · Federal Practitioner · doi:10.12788/fp.0272 · Cited by 1 · see citing works
Gutman, S. A., Douglas, D., Carmiencke, A., Freudman, L., Huerta, M., McCaa, M., Miller, S., Sherpa, A., Viant, M., & Schreibman, D. (2018) · Annals of International Occupational Therapy · doi:10.3928/24761222-20180620-04 · Cited by 1 · see citing works
Aging Veterans in the State of Alabama
Albright, D. L., McDaniel, J. T., Suntai, Z., Laha‐Walsh, K., & Williams, C. (2021) · Journal of Evidence-Based Social Work · doi:10.1080/26408066.2021.1948939 · Cited by 1 · see citing works
Takahashi, L. M. (2014) · Oxford University Press eBooks · doi:10.1093/obo/9780199874002-0108 · Cited by 1 · see citing works
Homeless Risk Among Post-9/11 Era Veterans
Metraux, S., & Smith, R. T. (2018) · doi:10.1093/oso/9780190695132.003.0009
Improved Access to Care for Veterans after Psychiatric Hospitalization: DIGMA
McCutchan, N. W., Hansen, S. K., Polinsky, E. J., Musselwhite, C. D., & Cardin, S. A. (2020) · Best practices in mental health · doi:10.70256/045367uabuox
Tsai, J., & Szymkowiak, D. (2025) · Administration and Policy in Mental Health and Mental Health Services Research · doi:10.1007/s10488-025-01475-6
Self-citationCarlton, T. (2026) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-3-032-13695-4_6
Tsai, J., & Szymkowiak, D. (2026) · Medical Care · doi:10.1097/mlr.0000000000002350
Self-citationHomelessness Among U.S. Veterans: National Trends, Correlates, and Mental Health Burden
Stefanovics, E. A., Tsai, J., Fischer, I. C., Na, P. J., Nichter, B., Potenza, M. N., & Pietrzak, R. H. (2026) · Journal of Community Health · doi:10.1007/s10900-026-01588-5
Self-citationClinical correlates of homelessness and cannabis use among U.S. low-income veterans
Stefanovics, E. A., Potenza, M. N., & Tsai, J. (2026) · Journal of Psychiatric Research · doi:10.1016/j.jpsychires.2026.09.028
Self-citationReservists and Veterans: Viewed from Within and Without
Griffith, J. E., Connelly, V. J., Catignani, S., & Johansson, E. (2026) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-3-030-27279-1_34
- Authors
- Tsai, J., Link, B., Rosenheck, R. A., & Pietrzak, R. H.
- Affiliations
- United States Department of Veterans Affairs (US)
- New York State Psychiatric Institute (US)
- Corresponding author
- Tsai, Jack
- Venue
- Social Psychiatry and Psychiatric Epidemiology
- Published
- 2016-04-13
- Volume
- 51
- Issue
- 6
- Pages
- 907-916
- ISSN
- 0933-7954 (ISSN-L)
- 1433-9285
- OpenAlex
- W2338855655
- Cited by
- 66
- References
- 36
- Citations by year
- 2026: 6 · 2025: 3 · 2024: 6 · 2023: 5 · 2022: 12 · 2021: 9 · 2020: 7 · 2019: 4 · 2018: 9 · 2017: 4 · 2014: 1
- FWCI
- 10.54
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Licence
- www.springer.com/tdm (tdm)
- Locations
- Social Psychiatry and Psychiatric Epidemiology (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Topics
- Health Sciences › Health Professions › General Health Professions › Homelessness and Social Issues
- Social Sciences › Education › Education and Military Integration
- Health Sciences › Health Professions › General Health Professions › Food Security and Health in Diverse Populations
- Keywords
- veteran homelessness, service utilization, barriers to care, rural veterans, low income, mental health, physical health, sociodemographic correlates, gender differences
- MeSH terms
- Adult, Aged, Female, Ill-Housed Persons, Humans, Male, Mental Health Services, Middle Aged, Poverty, United States, United States Department of Veterans Affairs, Veterans, Prevalence
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.
What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›
Are you an author, or do you see a problem with this page? Request a review
