The MOS social support survey
Abstract
This paper describes the development and evaluation of a brief, multidimensional, self-administered, social support survey that was developed for patients in the Medical Outcomes Study (MOS), a two-year study of patients with chronic conditions. This survey was designed to be comprehensive in terms of recent thinking about the various dimensions of social support. In addition, it was designed to be distinct from other related measures. We present a summary of the major conceptual issues considered when choosing items for the social support battery, describe the items, and present findings based on data from 2987 patients (ages 18 and older). Multitrait scaling analyses supported the dimensionality of four functional support scales (emotional/informational, tangible, affectionate, and positive social interaction) and the construction of an overall functional social support index. These support measures are distinct from structural measures of social support and from related health measures. They are reliable (all Alphas greater than 0.91), and are fairly stable over time. Selected construct validity hypotheses were supported.
Integrity signals
Registry
Cites
Statistics
Claims the paper makes
Claims other papers make about this one
Each is checked against this paper’s own text: does it say what the citing paper says it does?
The interview guide was informed by validated instruments: COVID-19 Exposure and Family Impact Survey, Medical Outcomes Study Social Support Scale, Food Security Module, and Everyday Discrimination Scale.
“Interview questions were informed by the COVID-19 Exposure and Family Impact Survey [19], Medical Outcomes Study Social Support Scale [20], Food Security Module from the US Department of Agriculture [21], and Everyday Discrimination Scale [22].”
From Material Hardship and Stress from COVID-19 in Immigrant Chinese American Families with Infants (2022) · cites this paper as [20]
The interview guide drew on domains of the Medical Outcomes Study Social Support Scale, a validated instrument measuring informational, emotional, and material social support.
“The interview guide (Table 1) was informed by domains of the Medical Outcomes Study Social Support Scale, a validated scale that assesses informational, emotional, and material social support (Sherbourne & Stewart, 1991).”
From Infant Feeding Practices and Social Support Networks Among Immigrant Chinese American Mothers With Economic Disadvantage in New York City (2023) · cites this paper as Sherbourne & Stewart, 1991
The MOS-SSS had excellent reliability with 0.97 for the overall scale and subscales with a Cronbach's alpha of 0.96, 0.94, 0.91, and 0.92, respectively.
“It had excellent reliability with 0.97 for the overall scale and subscales with a Cronbach's alpha of 0.96, 0.94, 0.91, and 0.92, respectively.”
From A randomised controlled trial comparing internet-delivered cognitive behavioural therapy (iCBT) with and without main carer access versus treatment-as-usual for depression and anxiety among breast cancer survivors: Study protocol (2021) · cites this paper as Sherbourne and Stewart, 1991
The study used the Medical Outcomes Study (MOS)-Social Support Survey, a validated 19-item scale.
“Perceived social support was measured in the baseline questionnaire with the Medical Outcomes Study (MOS)–Social Support Survey [56]. This validated scale contains 19-items”
Younger cancer patients experience higher levels of distress than older cancer patients.
“younger cancer patients experience higher levels of distress than older cancer patients [44]”
From Uptake and adherence to an online intervention for cancer-related distress: older age is not a barrier to adherence but may be a barrier to uptake (2017) · cites this paper as [44]
Cites
Coefficient Alpha and the Internal Structure of Tests
Cronbach, L. J. (1951) · Psychometrika · doi:10.1007/bf02310555 · Cited by 43,931 · see citing works
Significance tests and goodness of fit in the analysis of covariance structures.
Bentler, P. M., & Bonett, D. G. (1980) · Psychological Bulletin · doi:10.1037/0033-2909.88.3.588 · Cited by 19,266 · see citing works
Stress, social support, and the buffering hypothesis
Cohen, S., & Wills, T. A. (1985) · Psychological Bulletin · doi:10.1037/0033-2909.98.2.310 · Cited by 18,093 · see citing works
BERKMAN, L. F., & SYME, S. L. (1979) · American Journal of Epidemiology · doi:10.1093/oxfordjournals.aje.a112674 · Cited by 5,341 · see citing works
Work Stress and Social Support.
Deutsch, S. E., & House, J. S. (1983) · Contemporary Sociology A Journal of Reviews · doi:10.2307/2069001 · Cited by 4,766 · see citing works
Ross, C. E., Cohen, S., & Syme, S. L. (1986) · Contemporary Sociology A Journal of Reviews · doi:10.2307/2071725 · Cited by 3,927 · see citing works
The MOS Short-form General Health Survey: Reliability and Validity in a Patient Population
Stewart, A. L., Hays, R. D., & Ware, J. E. (1988) · Medical Care · doi:10.1097/00005650-198807000-00007 · Cited by 3,339 · see citing works
Self-citationAssessing social support: The Social Support Questionnaire.
Sarason, I. G., Levine, H. M., Basham, R. B., & Sarason, B. R. (1983) · Journal of Personality and Social Psychology · doi:10.1037//0022-3514.44.1.127 · Cited by 3,067 · see citing works
The functioning and well-being of depressed patients. Results from the Medical Outcomes Study
Wells, K. B. (1989) · JAMA · doi:10.1001/jama.262.7.914 · Cited by 2,826 · see citing works
Positive Events and Social Supports as Buffers of Life Change Stress <sup>1</sup>
Cohen, S., & Hoberman, H. M. (1983) · Journal of Applied Social Psychology · doi:10.1111/j.1559-1816.1983.tb02325.x · Cited by 2,675 · see citing works
Social support: An interactional view.
Sarason, B. R., Sarason, I. G., & Pierce, G. R. (1990) · Wiley eBooks · Cited by 2,657 · see citing works
Measuring the Functional Components of Social Support
Cohen, S., Mermelstein, R., Kamarck, T., & Hoberman, H. M. (1985) · Social Support: Theory, Research and Applications · doi:10.1007/978-94-009-5115-0_5 · Cited by 2,296 · see citing works
Stewart, A. L. (1989) · JAMA · doi:10.1001/jama.262.7.907 · Cited by 2,095 · see citing works
Self-citationThe structure of psychological distress and well-being in general populations.
Veit, C. T., & Ware, J. E. (1983) · Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology · doi:10.1037//0022-006x.51.5.730 · Cited by 1,980 · see citing works
Functional Status and Well-being of Patients With Chronic Conditions
Stewart, A. L. (1989) · JAMA · doi:10.1001/jama.1989.03430070055030 · Cited by 1,741 · see citing works
Self-citationHOUSE, J. S., ROBBINS, C., & METZNER, H. L. (1982) · American Journal of Epidemiology · doi:10.1093/oxfordjournals.aje.a113387 · Cited by 1,381 · see citing works
Social Support: Theory, Research and Applications
Sarason, I. G., & Sarason, B. R. (1985) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-94-009-5115-0 · Cited by 1,347 · see citing works
The health-related functions of social support
Schaefer, C. A., Coyne, J. C., & Lazarus, R. S. (1981) · Journal of Behavioral Medicine · doi:10.1007/bf00846149 · Cited by 1,326 · see citing works
The Duke???UNC Functional Social Support Questionnaire
Broadhead, W. E., Gehlbach, S. H., de Gruy, F., & Kaplan, B. H. (1988) · Medical Care · doi:10.1097/00005650-198807000-00006 · Cited by 1,322 · see citing works
Social Networks and Social Support
Gottlieb, B. H. (1981) · Medical Entomology and Zoology · Cited by 1,296 · see citing works
Type of social support and specific stress: Toward a theory of optimal matching.
Cutrona, C. E., & Russell, D. W. (1990) · Cited by 1,124 · see citing works
SOCIAL SUPPORT AND MORTALITY IN AN ELDERLY COMMUNITY POPULATION1
Blazer, D. G. (1982) · American Journal of Epidemiology · doi:10.1093/oxfordjournals.aje.a113351 · Cited by 1,019 · see citing works
The Development of an Instrument to Measure Social Support
Norbeck, J. S., Lindsey, A. M., & Carrieri, V. L. (1981) · Nursing Research · doi:10.1097/00006199-198109000-00003 · Cited by 742 · see citing works
Issues in the study and application of social support.
Cohen, S., & Syme, S. L. (1985) · Cited by 673 · see citing works
Conceptualization and Measurement of Health for Adults in the Health Insurance Study
Stewart, A., Ware, J. E., Brook, R. H., & Davies, A. R. (1978) · Cited by 641 · see citing works
Self-citationOrdinal Measures in Multiple Indicator Models: A Simulation Study of Categorization Error
Johnson, D. R., & Creech, J. C. (1983) · American Sociological Review · doi:10.2307/2095231 · Cited by 550 · see citing works
Development of a Brief Screening Instrument for Detecting Depressive Disorders
Burnam, M. A., Wells, K. B., LEAKE, B. D., & Landsverk, J. L. (1988) · Medical Care · doi:10.1097/00005650-198808000-00004 · Cited by 501 · see citing works
Principles of Psychological Measurement
Dale, R. R., & Helmstadter, G. C. (1968) · British Journal of Educational Studies · doi:10.2307/3119229 · Cited by 487 · see citing works
Social support in the adjustment of pregnant adolescents. Assessment issues
Barrera, M. (1981) · Medical Entomology and Zoology · Cited by 482 · see citing works
The PRQ???A Social Support Measure
Brandt, P. A., & Weinert, C. (1981) · Nursing Research · doi:10.1097/00006199-198109000-00007 · Cited by 413 · see citing works
A Model of Mental Health, Life Events, and Social Supports Applicable to General Populations
Williams, A. W., Ware, J. E., & Donald, C. A. (1981) · Journal of Health and Social Behavior · doi:10.2307/2136675 · Cited by 378 · see citing works
Modes of social support: The social support behaviors (SS‐B) scale
Vaux, A., Riedel, S. L., & Stewart, D. (1987) · American Journal of Community Psychology · doi:10.1007/bf00919279 · Cited by 346 · see citing works
Pearson's R and Coarsely Categorized Measures
Bollen, K. A., & Barb, K. H. (1981) · American Sociological Review · doi:10.2307/2094981 · Cited by 342 · see citing works
Assessment of methods for measuring social support.
Heitzmann, C. A., & Kaplan, R. M. (1988) · Health Psychology · doi:10.1037//0278-6133.7.1.75 · Cited by 296 · see citing works
Methodological issues in social support and social network research
O’Reilly, P. (1988) · Social Science & Medicine · doi:10.1016/0277-9536(88)90179-7 · Cited by 278 · see citing works
Measuring Health Perceptions in the Health Insurance Experiment
Davies, A. R., & Ware, J. E. (1981) · Cited by 271 · see citing works
Assessment of methods for measuring social support.
Heitzmann, C. A., & Kaplan, R. M. (1988) · Health Psychology · doi:10.1037/0278-6133.7.1.75 · Cited by 225 · see citing works
Advances in the Measurement of Functional Status: Construction of Aggregate Indexes
Stewart, A. L., Ware, J. E., & Brook, R. (1981) · Medical Care · doi:10.1097/00005650-198105000-00001 · Cited by 192 · see citing works
Self-citationThe relationship of social support and health
Bloom, J. R. (1990) · Social Science & Medicine · doi:10.1016/0277-9536(90)90162-l · Cited by 190 · see citing works
The measurement of social support in population surveys
Orth‐Gomér, K., & Undén, A. (1987) · Social Science & Medicine · doi:10.1016/0277-9536(87)90142-0 · Cited by 172 · see citing works
The structure of self-reported health in chronic disease patients.
Hays, R. D., & Stewart, A. L. (1990) · Psychological Assessment: A Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology · doi:10.1037/1040-3590.2.1.22 · Cited by 159 · see citing works
Self-citationUser's Guide for the Multitrait Analysis Program (MAP):
Hays, R. D., Hayashi, T., Carson, S., & Ware, J. (1988) · Cited by 156 · see citing works
The measurement of social support.
Donald, C. A., & Ware, J. E. (1984) · Cited by 151 · see citing works
The role of social support and life stress events in use of mental health services
Sherbourne, C. D. (1988) · Social Science & Medicine · doi:10.1016/0277-9536(88)90205-5 · Cited by 134 · see citing works
Self-citationSocial Networks, Social Support, and Health Status: A Review
Ell, K. (1984) · Social Service Review · doi:10.1086/644168 · Cited by 121 · see citing works
Conceptual and Theoretical Dilemmas Facing Social Support Research
Wilcox, B. L., & Vernberg, E. M. (1985) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-94-009-5115-0_1 · Cited by 98 · see citing works
Pollack, L. E., & Harris, R. (1983) · Psychological Reports · doi:10.2466/pr0.1983.53.2.466 · Cited by 95 · see citing works
Stewart, A. L., & KAMBERG, C. J. (1992) · Cited by 90 · see citing works
Self-citationBrown, S. D., Brady, T., Lent, R., Wolfert, J., & Hall, S. (1987) · Journal of Counseling Psychology · doi:10.1037/0022-0167.34.3.337 · Cited by 84 · see citing works
Ware, J. E., Johnston, S. A., Davies, A. R., & Brook, R. H. (1979) · Cited by 70 · see citing works
Li, L., Ji, G., Liang, L.-J. F., Ding, Y., Tian, J., & Xiao, Y. (2011) · Social Science & Medicine · doi:10.1016/j.socscimed.2011.07.013 · Cited by 56 · see citing works
Ware, J. (1978) · Medical Entomology and Zoology · Cited by 36 · see citing works
The structure of social relationships: Analysis of a survey instrument
Duncan‐Jones, P. (1981) · Social Psychiatry and Psychiatric Epidemiology · doi:10.1007/bf00582688 · Cited by 28 · see citing works
Sherbourne, C. D., Stewart, A. L., & Wells, K. B. (1992) · Cited by 25 · see citing works
Self-citationResponse Alternatives in Likert Scaling
Johnson, W. L., & Dixon, P. N. (1984) · Educational and Psychological Measurement · doi:10.1177/0013164484443003 · Cited by 21 · see citing works
Identifying psychiatric suicides for research purposes
Evenson, R. C., Cho, D. W., & Holland, R. (1988) · Journal of Clinical Psychology · doi:10.1002/1097-4679(198811)44:6 · Cited by 13 · see citing works
Social Support Networks: A Literature Study
Lentjes, S., & Jonker, J. M. L. (1985) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-94-009-5141-9_1 · Cited by 5 · see citing works
Flagged first, then by citations
Cited by
Sorted by citations
The brief resilience scale: Assessing the ability to bounce back
Smith, B. W., Dalen, J., Wiggins, K., Tooley, E., Christopher, P., & Bernard, J. (2008) · International Journal of Behavioral Medicine · doi:10.1080/10705500802222972 · Cited by 6,439 · see citing works
Lubben, J., Blozik, E., Gillmann, G., Iliffe, S., von Renteln Kruse, W., Beck, J. C., & Stuck, A. E. (2006) · The Gerontologist · doi:10.1093/geront/46.4.503 · Cited by 2,123 · see citing works
Psychological Sequelae of the September 11 Terrorist Attacks in New York City
Galea, S., Ahern, J., Resnick, H. S., Kilpatrick, D. G., Bucuvalas, M. J., Gold, J., & Vlahov, D. (2002) · New England Journal of Medicine · doi:10.1056/nejmsa013404 · Cited by 1,905 · see citing works
Predicting chemotherapy toxicity in older adults with cancer: a prospective multicenter study
Hurria, A., Togawa, K., Mohile, S. G., Owusu, C., Klepin, H. D., Gross, C. P., Lichtman, S. M., Gajra, A., Bhatia, S., Katheria, V., et al. (2011) · Journal of Clinical Oncology · doi:10.1200/jco.2011.34.7625 · Cited by 1,841 · see citing works
The effect of patient race and socio-economic status on physicians' perceptions of patients
van Ryn, M., & Burke, J. (2000) · Social Science & Medicine · doi:10.1016/s0277-9536(99)00338-x · Cited by 1,509 · see citing works
Bonanno, G. A., Galea, S., Bucciarelli, A., & Vlahov, D. (2007) · Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology · doi:10.1037/0022-006x.75.5.671 · Cited by 1,371 · see citing works
Shumaker, S. A., Wyman, J. F., Uebersax, J. S., McClish, D. K., & Fantl, J. A. (1994) · Quality of Life Research · doi:10.1007/bf00451721 · Cited by 1,098 · see citing works
Quality of Life in Long-Term, Disease-Free Survivors of Breast Cancer: a Follow-up Study
Ganz, P. A. (2002) · JNCI Journal of the National Cancer Institute · doi:10.1093/jnci/94.1.39 · Cited by 1,059 · see citing works
Duration of Menopausal Vasomotor Symptoms Over the Menopause Transition
Avis, N. E., Crawford, S. L., Greendale, G. A., Bromberger, J. T., Everson‐Rose, S. A., Gold, E. B., Hess, R., Joffe, H., Kravitz, H. M., Tepper, P. G., et al. (2015) · JAMA Internal Medicine · doi:10.1001/jamainternmed.2014.8063 · Cited by 1,035 · see citing works
Functional Health Literacy and the Risk of Hospital Admission Among Medicare Managed Care Enrollees
Baker, D. W., Gazmararian, J. A., Williams, M. V., Scott, T. L., Parker, R. M., Green, D., Ren, J., & Peel, J. L. (2002) · American Journal of Public Health · doi:10.2105/ajph.92.8.1278 · Cited by 1,004 · see citing works
Cohort Profile: The Study of Health in Pomerania
Völzke, H., Alte, D., Schmidt, C. O., Radke, D., Lorbeer, R., Friedrich, N., Aumann, N., Lau, K., Piontek, K., Born, G., et al. (2010) · International Journal of Epidemiology · doi:10.1093/ije/dyp394 · Cited by 992 · see citing works
Rueda, S., Mitra, S., Chen, S., Gogolishvili, D., Globerman, J., Chambers, L. A., Wilson, M. S., Logie, C. H., Shi, Q., Morassaei, S., et al. (2016) · BMJ Open · doi:10.1136/bmjopen-2016-011453 · Cited by 971 · see citing works
Gold, E. B., Colvin, A. B., Avis, N. E., Bromberger, J. T., Greendale, G. A., Powell, L. H., Sternfeld, B., & Matthews, K. A. (2006) · American Journal of Public Health · doi:10.2105/ajph.2005.066936 · Cited by 939 · see citing works
Measuring multiple minority stress: The LGBT People of Color Microaggressions Scale.
Balsam, K. F., Molina, Y., Beadnell, B. A., Simoni, J. M., & Walters, K. L. (2011) · Cultural Diversity & Ethnic Minority Psychology · doi:10.1037/a0023244 · Cited by 927 · see citing works
Health Literacy Among Medicare Enrollees in a Managed Care Organization
Gazmararian, J. A. (1999) · JAMA · doi:10.1001/jama.281.6.545 · Cited by 876 · see citing works
Compassion fatigue and psychological distress among social workers: A validation study.
Adams, R. E., Boscarino, J. A., & Figley, C. R. (2006) · American Journal of Orthopsychiatry · doi:10.1037/0002-9432.76.1.103 · Cited by 864 · see citing works
Maternal Stress and Preterm Birth
Dole, N. (2003) · American Journal of Epidemiology · doi:10.1093/aje/kwf176 · Cited by 848 · see citing works
Betancourt, T. S., & Khan, K. T. (2008) · International Review of Psychiatry · doi:10.1080/09540260802090363 · Cited by 840 · see citing works
Dimatteo, M., Sherbourne, C., Hays, R., Ordway, L., Kravitz, R., McGlynn, E., Kaplan, S., & Rogers, W. (1993) · Health Psychology · doi:10.1037/0278-6133.12.2.93 · Cited by 867 · see citing works
Self-citationChen, Y.-R. R., & Schulz, P. J. (2016) · Journal of Medical Internet Research · doi:10.2196/jmir.4596 · Cited by 874 · see citing works
Prevalence and Predictors of Women's Experience of Psychological Trauma During Childbirth
Soet, J. E., Brack, G., & DiIorio, C. K. (2003) · Birth · doi:10.1046/j.1523-536x.2003.00215.x · Cited by 734 · see citing works
Grunfeld, E. (2004) · Canadian Medical Association Journal · doi:10.1503/cmaj.1031205 · Cited by 963 · see citing works
Cohort Profile: the Australian Longitudinal Study on Women's Health.
Lee, C., Dobson, A., Brown, W., Bryson, L., Byles, J., Warner-Smith, P., & Young, A. (2005) · International Journal of Epidemiology · doi:10.1093/ije/dyi098 · Cited by 675 · see citing works
Cooper, L. A., Gonzales, J. J., Gallo, J. J., Rost, K. M., Meredith, L. S., Rubenstein, L. V., Wang, N.-Y., & Ford, D. E. (2003) · Medical Care · doi:10.1097/01.mlr.0000053228.58042.e4 · Cited by 651 · see citing works
Development of the Quality of Life in Epilepsy Inventory
Devinsky, O., Vickrey, B. G., Cramer, J., Perrine, K., Hermann, B., Meador, K., & Hays, R. D. (1995) · Epilepsia · doi:10.1111/j.1528-1157.1995.tb00467.x · Cited by 634 · see citing works
Emanuel, E. J., & Emanuel, L. L. (1998) · The Lancet · doi:10.1016/s0140-6736(98)90329-4 · Cited by 624 · see citing works
Stephens, N. M., Hamedani, M. G., & Destin, M. (2014) · Psychological Science · doi:10.1177/0956797613518349 · Cited by 612 · see citing works
Developing a cancer‐specific geriatric assessment: A feasibility study
Hurria, A., Gupta, S., Zauderer, M., Zuckerman, E. L., Cohen, H. J., Muss, H., Rodin, M., Panageas, K. S., Holland, J. C., Saltz, L., et al. (2005) · Cancer · doi:10.1002/cncr.21422 · Cited by 623 · see citing works
Early outcomes for young adults transitioning from out‐of‐home care in the USA
Courtney, M. E., & Dworsky, A. (2006) · Child & Family Social Work · doi:10.1111/j.1365-2206.2006.00433.x · Cited by 590 · see citing works
Patient preferences for medical decision making: who really wants to participate?
Arora, N., & McHorney, C. (2000) · Medical Care · doi:10.1097/00005650-200003000-00010 · Cited by 645 · see citing works
Rowland, J. H. (2000) · JNCI Journal of the National Cancer Institute · doi:10.1093/jnci/92.17.1422 · Cited by 584 · see citing works
Armstrong, M. I., Birnie-Lefcovitch, S., & Ungar, M. T. (2005) · Journal of Child and Family Studies · doi:10.1007/s10826-005-5054-4 · Cited by 574 · see citing works
A Short Social Support Measure for Patients Recovering From Myocardial Infarction
Mitchell, P. H., Powell, L. H., Blumenthal, J. A., Norten, J., Ironson, G. H., Pitula, C. R., Froelicher, E. S., Czajkowski, S. M., Youngblood, M., Huber, M., et al. (2003) · Journal of Cardiopulmonary Rehabilitation · doi:10.1097/00008483-200311000-00001 · Cited by 571 · see citing works
Chwastiak, L., Ehde, D. M., Gibbons, L. E., Sullivan, M., Bowen, J. D., & Kraft, G. H. (2002) · American Journal of Psychiatry · doi:10.1176/appi.ajp.159.11.1862 · Cited by 555 · see citing works
An Interdisciplinary Expert Consensus Statement on Assessment of Pain in Older Persons
Hadjistavropoulos, T., Herr, K., Turk, D. C., Fine, P. G., Dworkin, R. H., Helme, R. D., Jackson, K. C., Parmelee, P. A., Rudy, T. E., Beattie, B. L., et al. (2006) · Clinical Journal of Pain · doi:10.1097/ajp.0b013e31802be869 · Cited by 555 · see citing works
Antecedents of adherence to medical recommendations: Results from the medical outcomes study
Sherbourne, C. D., Hays, R. D., Ordway, L., DiMatteo, M. R., & Kravitz, R. L. (1992) · Journal of Behavioral Medicine · doi:10.1007/bf00844941 · Cited by 530 · see citing works
Self-citationResilience in the Workplace: A Multilevel Review and Synthesis
Hartmann, S., Weiß, M., Newman, A., & Hoegl, M. (2019) · Applied Psychology · doi:10.1111/apps.12191 · Cited by 572 · see citing works
Functional independence after major abdominal surgery in the elderly
Lawrence, V. A., Hazuda, H. P., Cornell, J. E., Pederson, T., Bradshaw, P. T., Mulrow, C. D., & Page, C. P. (2004) · Journal of the American College of Surgeons · doi:10.1016/j.jamcollsurg.2004.05.280 · Cited by 522 · see citing works
Lengacher, C. A., Johnson‐Mallard, V., Post‐White, J., Moscoso, M. S., Jacobsen, P. B., Klein, T. W., Widen, R. H., Fitzgerald, S. G., Shelton, M. M., Barta, M., et al. (2009) · Psycho-Oncology · doi:10.1002/pon.1529 · Cited by 518 · see citing works
Hilari, K., Byng, S., Lamping, D. L., & Smith, S. C. (2003) · Stroke · doi:10.1161/01.str.0000081987.46660.ed · Cited by 509 · see citing works
A prospective study of predictors of adherence to combination antiretroviral medication
Golin, C. E., Liu, H., Hays, R. D., Miller, L. G., Beck, C. K., Ickovics, J., Kaplan, A. H., & Wenger, N. S. (2002) · Journal of General Internal Medicine · doi:10.1046/j.1525-1497.2002.11214.x · Cited by 509 · see citing works
Bedaso, A., Adams, J., Peng, W., & Sibbritt, D. W. (2021) · Reproductive Health · doi:10.1186/s12978-021-01209-5 · Cited by 549 · see citing works
Sharma, L., Cahue, S., Song, J., Hayes, K. W., Pai, Y., & Dunlop, D. D. (2003) · Arthritis & Rheumatism · doi:10.1002/art.11420 · Cited by 486 · see citing works
Li, D., Sun, C., Kim, H., Soto‐Pérez‐de‐Celis, E., Chung, V. M., Koczywas, M., Fakih, M., Chao, J., Chien, L. C., Charles, K., et al. (2021) · JAMA Oncology · doi:10.1001/jamaoncol.2021.4158 · Cited by 492 · see citing works
Moser, A., Stuck, A. E., Silliman, R. A., Ganz, P. A., & Clough‐Gorr, K. M. (2012) · Journal of Clinical Epidemiology · doi:10.1016/j.jclinepi.2012.04.007 · Cited by 483 · see citing works
Midwest Evaluation of the Adult Functioning of Former Foster Youth: Outcomes at Ages 23 and 24
Courtney, M. E., Dworsky, A., Lee, J. A., & Raap, M. (2007) · Cited by 485 · see citing works
Physical and Mental Health of Transgender Older Adults: An At-Risk and Underserved Population
Fredriksen-Goldsen, K. I., Cook-Daniels, L., Kim, H.-J., Erosheva, E. A., Emlet, C. A., Hoy-Ellis, C. P., Goldsen, J., & Muraco, A. (2014) · The Gerontologist · doi:10.1093/geront/gnt021 · Cited by 582 · see citing works
Gender differences in social support and physical health.
Shumaker, S. A., & Hill, D. R. (1991) · Health Psychology · doi:10.1037//0278-6133.10.2.102 · Cited by 470 · see citing works
McQuellon, R., Russell, G., Cella, D., Craven, B., Brady, M., Bonomi, A., & Hurd, D. (1997) · Bone Marrow Transplantation · doi:10.1038/sj.bmt.1700672 · Cited by 466 · see citing works
Associations of social networks with cancer mortality: a meta-analysis
Pinquart, M., & Duberstein, P. R. (2010) · Critical Reviews in Oncology/Hematology · doi:10.1016/j.critrevonc.2009.06.003 · Cited by 460 · see citing works
Fredriksen‐Goldsen, K. I., Emlet, C. A., Kim, H.-J., Muraco, A., Erosheva, E. A., Goldsen, J., & Hoy‐Ellis, C. P. (2012) · The Gerontologist · doi:10.1093/geront/gns123 · Cited by 467 · see citing works
Bromberger, J. T., Matthews, K. A., Schott, L. L., Brockwell, S. E., Avis, N. E., Kravitz, H. M., Everson‐Rose, S. A., Gold, E. B., Sowers, M. R., & Randolph, J. F. (2007) · Journal of Affective Disorders · doi:10.1016/j.jad.2007.01.034 · Cited by 459 · see citing works
Campbell, D. G., Felker, B. L., Liu, C.-F., Yano, E. M., Kirchner, J. E., Chan, D., Rubenstein, L. V., & Chaney, E. F. (2007) · Journal of General Internal Medicine · doi:10.1007/s11606-006-0101-4 · Cited by 458 · see citing works
Hawthorne, G. (2006) · Social Indicators Research · doi:10.1007/s11205-005-7746-y · Cited by 450 · see citing works
Deary, I. J., Gow, A. J., Taylor, M. D., Corley, J., Brett, C. E., Wilson, V., Campbell, H., Whalley, L. J., Visscher, P. M., Porteous, D. J., et al. (2007) · BMC Geriatrics · doi:10.1186/1471-2318-7-28 · Cited by 442 · see citing works
Emanuel, E. J., Fairclough, D. L., Slutsman, J., & Emanuel, L. L. (2000) · Annals of Internal Medicine · doi:10.7326/0003-4819-132-6-200003210-00005 · Cited by 433 · see citing works
What are the differences between happiness and self-esteem?
Lyubomirsky, S., Tkach, C., & DiMatteo, M. R. (2006) · Social Indicators Research · doi:10.1007/s11205-005-0213-y · Cited by 431 · see citing works
One-Year Outcomes in Caregivers of Critically Ill Patients
Cameron, J. I., Chu, L. M., Matte, A., Tomlinson, G., Chan, L., Thomas, C., Friedrich, J. O., Mehta, S., Lamontagne, F., Levasseur, M., et al. (2016) · New England Journal of Medicine · doi:10.1056/nejmoa1511160 · Cited by 429 · see citing works
Bauer, G. R., Scheim, A. I., Pyne, J., Travers, R., & Hammond, R. (2015) · BMC Public Health · doi:10.1186/s12889-015-1867-2 · Cited by 426 · see citing works
Stockdale, S. E., Wells, K. B., Tang, L., Belin, T. R., Zhang, L., & Sherbourne, C. D. (2007) · Social Science & Medicine · doi:10.1016/j.socscimed.2007.05.045 · Cited by 426 · see citing works
Self-citationHealth literacy, social support, and health: a research agenda
Lee, S.-Y. D., Arozullah, A. M., & Cho, Y. I. (2003) · Social Science & Medicine · doi:10.1016/s0277-9536(03)00329-0 · Cited by 424 · see citing works
The role of defeat and entrapment in depression, anxiety, and suicide.
Taylor, P. J., Gooding, P. A., Wood, A. M., & Tarrier, N. (2011) · Psychological Bulletin · doi:10.1037/a0022935 · Cited by 418 · see citing works
Biosocial pathways to functional outcome in schizophrenia
Brekke, J. S., Kay, D., Lee, K. S., & Green, M. F. (2005) · Schizophrenia Research · doi:10.1016/j.schres.2005.07.008 · Cited by 418 · see citing works
Kemeny, N. E., Niedzwiecki, D., Hollis, D. R., Lenz, H., Warren, R. S., Naughton, M. J., Weeks, J. C., Sigurdson, E. R., Herndon, J. E., Zhang, C., et al. (2006) · Journal of Clinical Oncology · doi:10.1200/jco.2005.03.8166 · Cited by 418 · see citing works
Fredriksen‐Goldsen, K. I., Kim, H., Shiu, C. A., Goldsen, J., & Emlet, C. A. (2014) · The Gerontologist · doi:10.1093/geront/gnu081 · Cited by 413 · see citing works
Are Infant-Toddler Social-Emotional and Behavioral Problems Transient?
Briggs‐Gowan, M. J., Carter, A. S., Bosson-Heenan, J. M., Guyer, A. E., & Horwitz, S. M. (2006) · Journal of the American Academy of Child & Adolescent Psychiatry · doi:10.1097/01.chi.0000220849.48650.59 · Cited by 408 · see citing works
Kilpatrick, D. G., Koenen, K. C., Ruggiero, K. J., Acierno, R. E., Galea, S., Resnick, H. S., Roitzsch, J. C., Boyle, J. M., & Gelernter, J. E. (2007) · American Journal of Psychiatry · doi:10.1176/appi.ajp.2007.06122007 · Cited by 405 · see citing works
Sexual Orientation and Health: Comparisons in the Women's Health Initiative Sample
VALANIS, B. G. (2000) · Archives of Family Medicine · doi:10.1001/archfami.9.9.843 · Cited by 405 · see citing works
Campbell-Sills, L., Norman, S. B., Craske, M. G., Sullivan, G., Lang, A. J., Chavira, D. A., Bystritsky, A., Sherbourne, C., Roy-Byrne, P., & Stein, M. B. (2009) · Journal of Affective Disorders · doi:10.1016/j.jad.2008.03.014 · Cited by 382 · see citing works
Self-citationPsychological interventions to foster resilience in healthcare professionals
Kunzler, A. M., Helmreich, I., Chmitorz, A., König, J., Binder, H., Wessa, M., & Lieb, K. (2020) · Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews · doi:10.1002/14651858.cd012527.pub2 · Cited by 390 · see citing works
Francis, J., Wood, L. J., Knuiman, M., & Giles-Corti, B. (2012) · Social Science & Medicine · doi:10.1016/j.socscimed.2012.01.032 · Cited by 382 · see citing works
Dyrbye, L. N., Burke, S. E., Hardeman, R. R., Herrin, J., Wittlin, N. M., Yeazel, M., Dovidio, J. F., Cunningham, B., White, R. O., Phelan, S. M., et al. (2018) · JAMA · doi:10.1001/jama.2018.12615 · Cited by 468 · see citing works
RetractedGriep, R. H., Chor, D., Faerstein, E., Werneck, G. L., & Lopes, C. D. S. (2005) · Cadernos de Saúde Pública · doi:10.1590/s0102-311x2005000300004 · Cited by 376 · see citing works
Familism and psychological health: The intervening role of closeness and social support.
Campos, B., Ullman, J. B., Aguilera, A., & Dunkel Schetter, C. (2014) · Cultural Diversity & Ethnic Minority Psychology · doi:10.1037/a0034094 · Cited by 377 · see citing works
Pretreatment predictors of attrition and successful weight management in women
Teixeira, P. J., Going, S. B., Houtkooper, L. B., Cussler, E. C., Metcalfe, L. L., Blew, R. M., Sardinha, L. B., & Lohman, T. G. (2004) · International Journal of Obesity · doi:10.1038/sj.ijo.0802727 · Cited by 371 · see citing works
Sleep disturbance during the menopausal transition in a multi-ethnic community sample of women.
Kravitz, H., Zhao, X., Bromberger, J., Gold, E., Hall, M., Matthews, K., & Sowers, M. (2008) · Sleep · doi:10.5665/sleep/31.7.979 · Cited by 400 · see citing works
Hope and Prognostic Disclosure
Mack, J. W., Wolfe, J., Cook, E. F., Grier, H. E., Cleary, P. D., & Weeks, J. C. (2007) · Journal of Clinical Oncology · doi:10.1200/jco.2007.12.6110 · Cited by 372 · see citing works
Hawton, A., Green, C., Dickens, A. P., Richards, S. H., Taylor, R. S., Edwards, R., Greaves, C. J., & Campbell, J. L. (2011) · Quality of Life Research · doi:10.1007/s11136-010-9717-2 · Cited by 367 · see citing works
Williams, W. C., Morelli, S. A., Ong, D. C., & Zaki, J. (2018) · Journal of Personality and Social Psychology · doi:10.1037/pspi0000132 · Cited by 352 · see citing works
Quality of life in patients with Parkinson's disease: development of a questionnaire.
de Boer, A. G. E. M., Wijker, W., Speelman, J. D., & de Haes, J. C. J. M. (1996) · Journal of Neurology Neurosurgery & Psychiatry · doi:10.1136/jnnp.61.1.70 · Cited by 362 · see citing works
Bowling, A., Gabriel, Z., Dykes, J., Dowding, L. M., Evans, O., Fleissig, A., Banister, D., & Sutton, S. R. (2003) · The International Journal of Aging and Human Development · doi:10.2190/bf8g-5j8l-ytrf-6404 · Cited by 360 · see citing works
Fallowfield, L. J., Lipkin, M., & Hall, A. (1998) · Journal of Clinical Oncology · doi:10.1200/jco.1998.16.5.1961 · Cited by 359 · see citing works
Emanuel, E. J. (2000) · JAMA · doi:10.1001/jama.284.19.2460 · Cited by 357 · see citing works
Implementing a Geriatric Assessment in Cooperative Group Clinical Cancer Trials: CALGB 360401
Hurria, A., Cirrincione, C. T., Muss, H. B., Kornblith, A. B., Barry, W., Artz, A. S., Schmieder, L., Ansari, R., Tew, W. P., Weckstein, D., et al. (2011) · Journal of Clinical Oncology · doi:10.1200/jco.2010.30.6985 · Cited by 350 · see citing works
Emanuel, E. J., Fairclough, D. L., Slutsman, J., Alpert, H. R., Baldwin, D. C., & Emanuel, L. L. (1999) · New England Journal of Medicine · doi:10.1056/nejm199909233411306 · Cited by 352 · see citing works
The Childhood Asthma Management Program (CAMP)
Childhood Asthma Management Program Research Group (1999) · Controlled Clinical Trials · doi:10.1016/s0197-2456(98)00044-0 · Cited by 352 · see citing works
Predictors of Sexual Health in Women After a Breast Cancer Diagnosis
Ganz, P. A., Desmond, K. A., Belin, T. R., Meyerowitz, B. E., & Rowland, J. H. (1999) · Journal of Clinical Oncology · doi:10.1200/jco.1999.17.8.2371 · Cited by 351 · see citing works
Factors associated with medication refill adherence in cardiovascular-related diseases
Gazmararian, J. A., Kripalani, S. B., Miller, M. J., Echt, K. V., Ren, J., & Rask, K. J. (2006) · Journal of General Internal Medicine · doi:10.1111/j.1525-1497.2006.00591.x · Cited by 351 · see citing works
Valtorta, N., Kanaan, M. N., Gilbody, S. M., & Hanratty, B. (2016) · BMJ Open · doi:10.1136/bmjopen-2015-010799 · Cited by 351 · see citing works
Ingersoll, B. R., & Hambrick, D. Z. (2010) · Research in Autism · doi:10.1016/j.rasd.2010.04.017 · Cited by 348 · see citing works
Barocas, D. A., Alvarez, J., Resnick, M. J., Koyama, T., Hoffman, K. E., Tyson, M. D., Conwill, R. M., McCollum, D., Cooperberg, M. R., Goodman, M. G., et al. (2017) · JAMA · doi:10.1001/jama.2017.1704 · Cited by 349 · see citing works
Resilience of Community‐Dwelling Older Persons
Hardy, S. E., Concato, J., & Gill, T. M. (2004) · Journal of the American Geriatrics Society · doi:10.1111/j.1532-5415.2004.52065.x · Cited by 343 · see citing works
Stressful Life Events, Motives for Internet Use, and Social Support Among Digital Kids
Leung, L. W. (2007) · CyberPsychology & Behavior · doi:10.1089/cpb.2006.9967 · Cited by 340 · see citing works
Exploring Self-Efficacy as a Predictor of Disease Management
Clark, N. M., & Dodge, J. A. (1999) · Health Education & Behavior · doi:10.1177/109019819902600107 · Cited by 335 · see citing works
Mack, J. W., Wolfe, J., Grier, H. E., Cleary, P. D., & Weeks, J. C. (2006) · Journal of Clinical Oncology · doi:10.1200/jco.2006.06.5326 · Cited by 333 · see citing works
Recent developments in the assessment of quality of life in Multiple Sclerosis (MS)
Fischer, J. S., LaRocca, N. G., Miller, D. M., Ritvo, P. G., Andrews, H., & Paty, D. W. (1999) · Multiple Sclerosis Journal · doi:10.1177/135245859900500410 · Cited by 334 · see citing works
Ravens‐Sieberer, U., Kaman, A., Erhart, M., Otto, C., Devine, J., Löffler, C., Hurrelmann, K., Bullinger, M., Barkmann, C., Siegel, N. A., et al. (2021) · European Child & Adolescent Psychiatry · doi:10.1007/s00787-021-01889-1 · Cited by 346 · see citing works
Ludermir, A. B., Lewis, G., Valongueiro, S. A., de Araújo, T. V. B., & Araya, R. (2010) · The Lancet · doi:10.1016/s0140-6736(10)60887-2 · Cited by 333 · see citing works
Leung, L. W., & Lee, P. S. N. (2004) · Telematics and Informatics · doi:10.1016/j.tele.2004.04.003 · Cited by 330 · see citing works
Effects of War, Terrorism and Armed Conflict on Young Children: A Systematic Review
Slone, M., & Mann, S. (2016) · Child Psychiatry & Human Development · doi:10.1007/s10578-016-0626-7 · Cited by 347 · see citing works
- Authors
- Sherbourne, C. D., & Stewart, A. L.
- Affiliations
- RAND Corporation (US)
- University of California, San Francisco (US)
- ORCID
- Stewart, Anita L.
- Venue
- Social Science & Medicine
- Publisher
- Elsevier BV
- Published
- 1991-01
- Volume
- 32
- Issue
- 6
- Pages
- 705-714
- ISSN
- 0277-9536 (ISSN-L)
- OpenAlex
- W2110356839
- Cited by
- 6,643
- References
- 58
- Citations by year
- 2026: 261 · 2025: 343 · 2024: 360 · 2023: 388 · 2022: 405 · 2021: 507 · 2020: 390 · 2019: 392 · 2018: 307 · 2017: 301 · 2016: 343 · 2015: 317 · 2014: 299 · 2013: 262 · 2012: 265
- FWCI
- 11.96
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Locations
- Social Science & Medicine (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- RePEc: Research Papers in Economics (submittedVersion)
- Topics
- Social Sciences › Decision Sciences › Management Science and Operations Research › Psychometric Methodologies and Testing
- Social Sciences › Education › Health Education and Validation
- Social Sciences › Health › Health disparities and outcomes
- Keywords
- social support, Medical Outcomes Study, chronic disease, functional social support, emotional support, information support, tangible support, affectionate support, positive social interaction, construct validity, reliability statistics, scale development, self-administered questionnaire
- MeSH terms
- Adult, Health Status, Humans, Longitudinal Studies, Middle Aged, Outcome and Process Assessment, Health Care, Surveys and Questionnaires, Social Support, Statistics as Topic, Reproducibility of Results
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.
What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›
Are you an author, or do you see a problem with this page? Request a review
