Cited by 438Health disparities and outcomesCOVID-19 and Mental HealthDeath Anxiety and Social Exclusion

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Understanding loneliness in the twenty-first century: an update on correlates, risk factors, and potential solutions

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Lim, Michelle H., Eres, Robert, Vasan, Shradha·2020·Social Psychiatry and Psychiatric Epidemiology

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Abstract

Purpose Loneliness is increasingly recognised as the next critical public health issue. A plausible reason for this concern may be related to emerging societal trends affecting the way we relate, communicate, and function in our social environment. In 2006, a prominent review of the clinical significance of loneliness was published. However, there has not been a comprehensive update on known and emerging risk factors and correlates of loneliness since then. Furthermore, there is no conceptual model that has been developed to better account for the complexity of loneliness and to inform the development of evidence-based solutions as we challenge the issues of the twenty-first century. Methods We reviewed the current literature to identify either known or emerging risk factors and correlates of loneliness since 2006. This includes new or known evidence on: (1) demography; (2) health, including physical health; mental health; cognitive health; brain, biology, and genetics; and (3) socio-environmental factors including digital communication and the workplace. Results We synthesized the literature according to a new proposed conceptual model of loneliness which showed the interplay between known and emerging correlates and risk factors from demography, health, to socio-environmental factors. In the conceptual model of loneliness, we illustrated how solutions can be delivered and tailored to an individual based on their life circumstances and preferences. Conclusion We concluded by…

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Authors: Lim, M. H., Eres, R., & Vasan, S.
Affiliations: Swinburne University of Technology (AU)
Corresponding author: Lim, Michelle H.
ORCID: Lim, Michelle H.
Eres, Robert
Vasan, Shradha
Venue: Social Psychiatry and Psychiatric Epidemiology
Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Published: 2020-06-10
Volume: 55
Issue: 7
Pages: 793-810
ISSN: 0933-7954 (ISSN-L)
1433-9285
DOI: 10.1007/s00127-020-01889-7
OpenAlex: W3033485693
Cited by: 438
References: 176
Citations by year: 2026: 63 · 2025: 83 · 2024: 82 · 2023: 83 · 2022: 76 · 2021: 36 · 2020: 15
FWCI: 8.23
Type: journal article
Language: en
Open access: green
figshare.com
Licence: cc-by
www.springer.com/tdm (tdm)
www.springer.com/tdm (vor)
Locations: Social Psychiatry and Psychiatric Epidemiology (publishedVersion)
PubMed (publishedVersion)
RMIT Research Repository (RMIT University Library) (submittedVersion)
Figshare (submittedVersion, cc-by)
Swinburne figshare (Swinburne University of Technology) (submittedVersion)
Topics: Social Sciences › Health › Health disparities and outcomes
Social Sciences › Psychology › Clinical Psychology › COVID-19 and Mental Health
Social Sciences › Psychology › Social Psychology › Death Anxiety and Social Exclusion
Keywords: loneliness, risk factors, demography, physical health, mental health, cognitive health, digital communication, workplace, socio-environmental factors, loneliness interventions
MeSH terms: Communication, Humans, Loneliness, Mental Health, Public Health, Risk Factors, Social Environment

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Understanding loneliness in the twenty-first century: an update on correlates, risk factors, and potential solutions

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