Parenteral with enteral nutrition in the critically ill
Abstract
Objective To determine whether nutrient intake by early enteral nutrition with parenteral nutrition improves levels of retinol-binding protein and prealbumin (primary endpoint) and reduce morbidity and mortality (secondary endpoint) in ICU patients. Design Prospective, double-blind, and randomized, placebo-controlled study. Setting Two intensive care units in a tertiary institution. Patients and participants 120 patients in two groups of 60. Interventions Patients received either enteral plus parenteral nutrition (treatment group) or enteral nutrition plus placebo (placebo group) for 4-7 days after initiation of nutritional support. Measurements and results Retinol-binding protein (P = 0.0496) and prealbumin (P = 0.0369) increased significantly in the treatment group from day 0 to day 7. There was no reduction in morbidity in ICU. There was no difference in OMEGA score (263 vs. 244) and length of stay in the ICU (16.9 vs. 17.3), but a reduction in length of stay at hospital (31.2+/-18.5 vs. 33.7+/-27.7, P = 0.0022). Mortality on day 90 (17 vs. 18) and after 2 years (24 vs. 24) was identical. Conclusions Although it enhances nutrient intake and corrects nutritional parameters such as RBP and prealbumin more rapidly, within 1 week, supplemental parenteral nutrition has no clinically relevant effect on outcome in ICU patients at the early phase of nutritional support.
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The primary outcomes of smaller studies comparing early PN with other modalities did not differ between groups.
“The primary outcomes of the smaller studies comparing early PN with other modalities did not differ between groups (152, 153).”
From ESPEN guideline on clinical nutrition in the intensive care unit. (2019) · cites this paper as [152]
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BackgroundWan, X., Gao, X.-J., Tian, F., Wu, C., & Wang, X.-Y. (2015) · Asia Pacific Journal of Clinical Nutrition · doi:10.6133/apjcn.2015.24.2.07 · Cited by 14 · see citing works
“As a reanalysis was performed after removing any influential factors, we also conducted a subgroup analysis to determine the effect of early EN (PN alone vs PN with EN, across groups) because we considered that the combination of EN might influence the effect of early PN.”
BackgroundInfluentialEnteral nutrition in the critically ill patient.
Codner, P. A. (2012) · Surgical Clinics of North America · doi:10.1016/j.suc.2012.08.005 · Cited by 14 · see citing works
“When comparing EN with TPN-supplemented EN, there was no difference in morbidity or mortality, ICU length of stay, duration of mechanical ventilation, or incidence of respiratory infection.(97) Herndon and coworkers(98) reported a statistically significant increase in mortality in patients receiving supplemental TPN b…”
BackgroundMcClave, S., & Hurt, R. (2010) · Critical care clinics · doi:10.1016/j.ccc.2010.04.008 · Cited by 14 · see citing works
Can it all be done by enteral nutrition?
Hammarqvist, F. (2004) · Current opinion in clinical nutrition and metabolic care · doi:10.1097/00075197-200403000-00013 · Cited by 13 · see citing works
Wu, X., Wu, J., Wang, P., Fang, X., Yu, Y., Tang, J., Xiao, Y., Wang, M., Li, S., Zhang, Y., et al. (2020) · Clinical Infectious Diseases · doi:10.1093/cid/ciaa1513 · Cited by 20 · see citing works
Tian, F., Gao, X.-J., Wu, C., Zhang, L., Xia, X.-F., & Wang, X.-Y. (2015) · Asia Pacific Journal of Clinical Nutrition · doi:10.6133/apjcn.102015.11 · Cited by 11 · see citing works
Xu, B.-D., Chen, H., Zhang, Q., & Chen, P.-F. (2022) · Medicine · doi:10.1097/md.0000000000031893 · Cited by 10 · see citing works
“Simple EN support usually requires 5 to 7 days for the target amount of nutritional support to be achieved.[5,6] Therefore, this study”
BackgroundImportance of target calorie intake in hospitalized patients.
Harmandar, F., Gomceli, I., Yolcular, B., & Cekin, A. (2017) · The Turkish Journal of Gastroenterology · doi:10.5152/tjg.2017.16718 · Cited by 10
“Increased mortality risk in late SPN than in EN, higher percentage of alive discharge from ICU in the late PN than in early PN, no difference in ICU and in-hospital mortality between late and early PN , prolonged or shorter hospital LOS in early PN than in late PN, as well as shorter stay in the EN group than in the P…”
Fernández-ortega, J. F., Meseguer, J. I. H., & García, P. M. (2011) · Medicina Intensiva · doi:10.1016/s0210-5691(11)70002-x · Cited by 10 · see citing works
Kang, J.-H., Baek, H., Shin, D., Shin, D., Son, H.-J., Chang, S.-H., Seo, Y., Min, J., Lee, Y. A., Mo, Y., et al. (2010) · doi:10.15747/jcn.2010.3.1.40 · Cited by 10
Nutrition given to critically ill patients during high level/complex care (on Italian ICUs).
Iapichino, G., Rossi, C., Radrizzani, D., Simini, B., Albicini, M., Ferla, L., Bassi, G., & Bertolini, G. (2004) · Clinical Nutrition · doi:10.1016/j.clnu.2003.09.004 · Cited by 10 · see citing works
Critical Care Medicine: Major Changes in Dogma of the Past Decade
Joffe, A. R. (2001) · Journal of Intensive Care Medicine · doi:10.1177/088506660101600403 · Cited by 13 · see citing works
Papanikolaou, P., Theodoridis, X., Papaemmanouil, A., Papageorgiou, N. N., Tsankof, A., Haidich, A., Savopoulos, C. G., & Τζιόμαλος, Κ. (2025) · Journal of Clinical Medicine · doi:10.3390/jcm14030991 · Cited by 11 · see citing works
“…[36,40], nine studies were considered to have “some concerns” [35,37-39, 41,43-46], and the remaining three RCTs appeared to have a “high risk of bias” [33,34,42] due to the absence of a pre-specified protocol and information regarding the allocation concealment of the included RCTs (Figure 1).”
Effect of combined parenteral and enteral nutrition for patients with a critical illness
Luo, Y., & Qian, Y. (2020) · Medicine · doi:10.1097/md.0000000000018778 · Cited by 9 · see citing works
- Authors
- Bauer, P., Charpentier, C., Bouchet, C., Nace, L., Raffy, F., & Gaconnet, N.
- Affiliations
- Centre Hospitalier Régional et Universitaire de Nancy (FR)
- Venue
- Intensive Care Medicine
- Published
- 2000-07
- Volume
- 26
- Issue
- 7
- Pages
- 893-900
- ISSN
- 0342-4642 (ISSN-L)
- 1432-1238
- OpenAlex
- W1983521019
- Cited by
- 169
- References
- 27
- Citations by year
- 2025: 4 · 2024: 2 · 2023: 1 · 2022: 3 · 2021: 7 · 2020: 8 · 2019: 3 · 2018: 8 · 2017: 5 · 2016: 11 · 2015: 8 · 2014: 5 · 2013: 4 · 2012: 7
- FWCI
- 7.28
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Licence
- Locations
- Intensive Care Medicine (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Topics
- Health Sciences › Nursing › Nutrition and Dietetics › Clinical Nutrition and Gastroenterology
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism › Hyperglycemia and glycemic control in critically ill and hospitalized patients
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Epidemiology › Sepsis Diagnosis and Treatment
- Keywords
- parenteral nutrition, enteral nutrition, critically ill patients, retinol-binding protein, prealbumin, dietary biomarkers, nutritional support, ICU length of stay, mortality, morbidity
- MeSH terms
- Analysis of Variance, Energy Intake, Cost-Benefit Analysis, Double-Blind Method, Enteral Nutrition, Female, Humans, Intensive Care Units, Length of Stay, Male, Middle Aged, Parenteral Nutrition, Prealbumin, Prospective Studies, Retinol-Binding Proteins, Hospital Mortality
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