The DOI matches its Crossref record; 22 of the 22 references it cites were found in a registry or an index.
Machine morality: bottom-up and top-down approaches for modelling human moral faculties
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In the citing paper
“The hybrid approach combines the first two and is the current mainstream of AI algorithm design.”
From Ethics and governance of trustworthy medical artificial intelligence (2023) · cites this paper as [77]
Citations
Cites
Picard, R. W. (1997) · MIT Press · doi:10.7551/mitpress/1140.001.0001 · Cited by 7,382
Being There: Putting Brain, Body and World Together Again.
van Gelder, T., & Clark, A. (1998) · The Philosophical Review · doi:10.2307/2998391 · Cited by 3,134
Ethics and the Limits of Philosophy
Williams, B. (2006) · Routledge eBooks · doi:10.4324/9780203969847 · Cited by 2,741
Being there: putting brain, body, and world together again
(1997) · Choice Reviews Online · doi:10.5860/choice.34-6204 · Cited by 2,631
Friedman, B., & Nissenbaum, H. (1996) · ACM Transactions on Information Systems · doi:10.1145/230538.230561 · Cited by 1,203 · cited 2×
“Generally these are the explicit values of the institutions who use the systems and the engineers, who design the systems, although many systems also substantiate often unrecognized implicit values (Friedman and Nissenbaum 1996).”
BackgroundEthics and the Limits of Philosophy.
Nagel, T., & Williams, B. (1986) · The Journal of Philosophy · doi:10.2307/2026097 · Cited by 996
Prolegomena to any future artificial moral agent
Allen, C., Varner, G., & Zinser, J. (2000) · Journal of Experimental & Theoretical Artificial Intelligence · doi:10.1080/09528130050111428 · Cited by 326
Self-citationBeing There: Putting Brain, Body and World Together Again
Newton, N., & Clark, A. (1998) · The American Journal of Psychology · doi:10.2307/1423541 · Cited by 290
The engine of reason, the seat of the soul: a philosophical journey into the brain
(1995) · Choice Reviews Online · doi:10.5860/choice.33-2093 · Cited by 271
Semiotic schemas: A framework for grounding language in action and perception
Roy, D. K. (2005) · Artificial Intelligence · doi:10.1016/j.artint.2005.04.007 · Cited by 218
Research works printed but not linked: 3
- Aleksander I, Lahstein M, Lee R (2005) Will and emotions: A machine model that shuns illusion. In: Chrisley R, Clowes R, Torrance S (eds) Next generation approaches to machine consciousness: imagination, development, intersubjectivity, and embodiment. In: Proceedings of an AISB 2005 Workshop. University of Hertfordshire, Hatfield, pp 110–117
- Asimov I (1950) I robot. Gnome Press, NY
- Damasio A (1995) Descartes’ error. Pan Macmillan, New York
Cited by
Sorted by citations
The Nature, Importance, and Difficulty of Machine Ethics
Moor, J. H. (2006) · IEEE Intelligent Systems · doi:10.1109/mis.2006.80 · Cited by 704
Ethics and governance of trustworthy medical artificial intelligence
Zhang, J., & Zhang, Z.-M. (2023) · BMC Medical Informatics and Decision Making · doi:10.1186/s12911-023-02103-9 · Cited by 507
“Three approaches were considered: a top-down approach, a bottom-up approach, and a hybrid approach [77].”
MethodPlagiarism in the age of massive generative pre-trained transformers (GPT-3)
Dehouche, N. (2021) · Ethics in Science and Environmental Politics · doi:10.3354/esep00195 · Cited by 296
Should ChatGPT be Biased? Challenges and Risks of Bias in Large Language Models
Ferrara, E. (2023) · arXiv · doi:10.48550/arxiv.2304.03738 · Cited by 282
Should ChatGPT be biased? Challenges and risks of bias in large language models
Ferrara, E. (2023) · First Monday · doi:10.5210/fm.v28i11.13346 · Cited by 282
Metadata
- Authors
- Wallach, W., Allen, C., & Smit, I.
- Affiliations
- Yale University (US)
- Indiana University Bloomington (US)
- Corresponding author
- Wallach, Wendell
- Venue
- AI & SOCIETY
- Published
- 2007-03-09
- Volume
- 22
- Issue
- 4
- Pages
- 565-582
- ISSN
- 0951-5666 (ISSN-L)
- 1435-5655
- OpenAlex
- W2081590306
- Cited by
- 152
- References
- 22
- Citations by year
- 2026: 6 · 2025: 4 · 2024: 11 · 2023: 17 · 2022: 9 · 2021: 23 · 2020: 17 · 2019: 18 · 2018: 12 · 2017: 6 · 2016: 2 · 2015: 4 · 2014: 4 · 2013: 5 · 2012: 3
- FWCI
- 7.30
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Licence
- www.springer.com/tdm (tdm)
- Locations
- AI & Society (publishedVersion)
- Topics
- Physical Sciences › Computer Science › Artificial Intelligence › Ethics and Social Impacts of AI
- Social Sciences › Business, Management and Accounting › Organizational Behavior and Human Resource Management › Ethics in Business and Education
- Social Sciences › Arts and Humanities › Philosophy › Philosophical Ethics and Theory
- Keywords
- ethical decision-making, moral agents, moral theory, control architecture, bottom-up approach, top-down approach, autonomous robots, AI ethics
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