Cited by 294Artificial Intelligence in Healthcare and EducationEthics and Social Impacts of AIEmpathy and Medical Education

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In principle obstacles for empathic AI: why we can’t replace human empathy in healthcare

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Montemayor, Carlos, Halpern, Jodi, Fairweather, Abrol·2022·AI & SOCIETY

DOI 10.1007/s00146-021-01230-zPMC PMC8149918

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Abstract

What are the limits of the use of artificial intelligence (AI) in the relational aspects of medical and nursing care? There has been a lot of recent work and applications showing the promise and efficiency of AI in clinical medicine, both at the research and treatment levels. Many of the obstacles discussed in the literature are technical in character, regarding how to improve and optimize current practices in clinical medicine and also how to develop better data bases for optimal parameter adjustments and predictive algorithms. This paper argues that there are also in principle obstacles to the application of AI in clinical medicine and care where empathy is important, and that these problems cannot be solved with any of the technical and theoretical approaches that shape the current application of AI in specific areas of clinical medicine in which care for patients is fundamental. This is important, because it generates specific risks that may be overlooked otherwise, and it justifies the necessity of human monitoring and emotional intervention in clinical medicine. Consequently, difficult issues concerning moral and legal responsibility may ensue if these in principle problems are ignored.

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Authors: Montemayor, C., Halpern, J., & Fairweather, A.
Affiliations: San Francisco State University (US)
University of California, Berkeley (US)
Corresponding author: Montemayor, Carlos
ORCID: Montemayor, Carlos
Halpern, Jodi
Venue: AI & SOCIETY
Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Published: 2021-05-26
Volume: 37
Issue: 4
Pages: 1353-1359
ISSN: 0951-5666 (ISSN-L)
1435-5655
DOI: 10.1007/s00146-021-01230-z
PMC: PMC8149918
OpenAlex: W3165373184
Cited by: 293
References: 33
Citations by year: 2026: 91 · 2025: 94 · 2024: 74 · 2023: 23 · 2022: 5 · 2021: 5
FWCI: 7.80
Type: journal article
Language: en
Open access: bronze
doi.org
Licence: www.springernature.com/gp/researchers/text-and-data-mining (tdm)
www.springernature.com/gp/researchers/text-and-data-mining (vor)
Locations: AI & Society (publishedVersion)
PubMed Central (publishedVersion)
PubMed (publishedVersion)
Topics: Health Sciences › Medicine › Health Informatics › Artificial Intelligence in Healthcare and Education
Physical Sciences › Computer Science › Artificial Intelligence › Ethics and Social Impacts of AI
Health Sciences › Medicine › Psychiatry and Mental health › Empathy and Medical Education
Keywords: artificial intelligence in healthcare, empathy, nursing care, relational care, AI limitations, human monitoring, emotional intervention, moral responsibility, legal responsibility, patient care

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In principle obstacles for empathic AI: why we can’t replace human empathy in healthcare

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