An International Urogynecological Association (IUGA)/International Continence Society (ICS) joint report on the terminology for the conservative and nonpharmacological management of female pelvic floor dysfunction

Bo, Kari; Frawley, Helena C.; Haylen, Bernard T.; Abramov, Yoram; Almeida, Fernando G.; Berghmans, Bary; Bortolini, Maria; Dumoulin, Chantale; Gomes, Mario; McClurg, Doreen; Meijlink, Jane; Shelly, Elizabeth; Trabuco, Emanuel; Walker, Carolina; Wells, Amanda

doi:10.1007/s00192-016-3123-4

Cited by 429Pelvic floor disorders treatmentsUrinary Bladder and Prostate ResearchSexual function and dysfunction studies

An International Urogynecological Association (IUGA)/International Continence Society (ICS) joint report on the terminology for the conservative and nonpharmacological management of female pelvic floor dysfunction

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Bo, Kari, Frawley, Helena C., Haylen, Bernard T., Abramov, Yoram, Almeida, Fernando G., Berghmans, Bary, Bortolini, Maria, Dumoulin, Chantale +7 more·2017·International Urogynecology Journal

DOI 10.1007/s00192-016-3123-4

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Abstract

Introduction and hypothesisThere has been an increasing need for the terminology on the conservative management of female pelvic floor dysfunction to be collated in a clinically based consensus report.MethodsThis Report combines the input of members and elected nominees of the Standardization and Terminology Committees of two International Organizations, the International Urogynecological Association (IUGA) and the International Continence Society (ICS), assisted at intervals by many external referees. An extensive process of nine rounds of internal and external review was developed to exhaustively examine each definition, with decision-making by collective opinion (consensus). Before opening up for comments on the webpages of ICS and IUGA, five experts from physiotherapy, neurology, urology, urogynecology, and nursing were invited to comment on the paper.ResultsA Terminology Report on the conservative management of female pelvic floor dysfunction, encompassing over 200 separate definitions, has been developed. It is clinically based, with the most common symptoms, signs, assessments, diagnoses, and treatments defined. Clarity and ease of use have been key aims to make it interpretable by practitioners and trainees in all the different specialty groups involved in female pelvic floor dysfunction. Ongoing review is not only anticipated, but will be required to keep the document updated and as widely acceptable as possible.ConclusionA consensus-based terminology report for the conservative management of female pelvic floor dysfunction has been produced, aimed at being a significant aid to clinical practice and a stimulus for research.

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The International Continence Society (ICS) report on the terminology for adult male lower urinary tract and pelvic floor symptoms and dysfunction
D’Ancona, C. A. L., Haylen, B. T., Oelke, M., Monteiro, L. A., Arnold, E. P., Goldman, H. B., Hamid, R., Homma, Y., Marcelissen, T. A. T., Rademakers, K. L. J., et al. (2019) · Neurourology and Urodynamics · doi:10.1002/nau.23897 · Cited by 846 · see citing works
Self-citation
Pelvic floor muscle training versus no treatment, or inactive control treatments, for urinary incontinence in women
Dumoulin, C. L., Cacciari, L., & Hay-Smith, J. E. (2018) · Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews · doi:10.1002/14651858.cd005654.pub4 · Cited by 492 · see citing works
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Urinary incontinence in women
Aoki, Y., Brown, H. W., Brubaker, L. T., Cornu, J., Daly, J. O., & Cartwright, R. (2017) · Nature Reviews Disease Primers · doi:10.1038/nrdp.2017.42 · Cited by 478 · see citing works
An International Continence Society (ICS) report on the terminology for pelvic floor muscle assessment
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Physiotherapy for pelvic pain and female sexual dysfunction: an untapped resource
Berghmans, B. C. M. (2018) · International Urogynecology Journal · doi:10.1007/s00192-017-3536-8 · Cited by 163 · see citing works
Self-citation
An International Urogynecological Association (IUGA)/International Continence Society (ICS) joint report on the terminology for the assessment of sexual health of women with pelvic floor dysfunction
Rogers, R. G., Pauls, R. N., Thakar, R., Morin, M., Kühn, A., Petri, E., Fatton, B., WHITMORE, K. E., Kinsberg, S., & Lee, J. J. (2018) · Neurourology and Urodynamics · doi:10.1002/nau.23508 · Cited by 146 · see citing works
Pelvic floor muscle training versus no treatment, or inactive control treatments, for urinary incontinence in women: a cochrane systematic review abridged republication
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Pelvic-floor function, dysfunction, and treatment
Quaghebeur, J., Petros, P., Wyndaele, J., & Wachter, S. D. (2021) · European Journal of Obstetrics & Gynecology and Reproductive Biology · doi:10.1016/j.ejogrb.2021.08.026 · Cited by 132 · see citing works
The evaluation of pelvic floor muscle strength in women with pelvic floor dysfunction: A reliability and correlation study
Navarro-Brazález, B., Torres-Lacomba, M., de la Villa, P., Sánchez-Sánchez, B., Prieto-Gómez, V., Asúnsolo, Á., & McLean, L. (2017) · Neurourology and Urodynamics · doi:10.1002/nau.23287 · Cited by 126 · see citing works
Effectiveness of pelvic floor muscle training with and without electromyographic biofeedback for urinary incontinence in women: multicentre randomised controlled trial
Hagen, S., Elders, A., Stratton, S., Sergenson, N., Bugge, C., Dean, S. G., Hay-Smith, J. E., Kilonzo, M. M., Dimitrova, M., Abdel‐Fattah, M., et al. (2020) · BMJ · doi:10.1136/bmj.m3719 · Cited by 124 · see citing works
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Pelvic Floor Physical Therapy for Pelvic Floor Hypertonicity: A Systematic Review of Treatment Efficacy
van Reijn-Baggen, D. A., Han‐Geurts, I. J. M., der Zalm, P. J. V., Pelger, R. C. M., Miert, C. H. A. C. H.-V., & Laan, E. T. M. (2021) · Sexual Medicine Reviews · doi:10.1016/j.sxmr.2021.03.002 · Cited by 118 · see citing works
Pelvic floor muscle exercise and training for coping with urinary incontinence
Cho, S. T., & Kim, K. H. (2021) · Journal of Exercise Rehabilitation · doi:10.12965/jer.2142666.333 · Cited by 123 · see citing works
Pelvic Floor Physical Therapy and Women's Health Promotion
Lawson, S., & Sacks, A. (2018) · Journal of Midwifery & Women s Health · doi:10.1111/jmwh.12736 · Cited by 101 · see citing works
An international Urogynecological association (IUGA)/international continence society (ICS) joint report on the terminology for the assessment of sexual health of women with pelvic floor dysfunction
Rogers, R. G., Pauls, R. N., Thakar, R., Morin, M., Kühn, A., Petri, E., Fatton, B., WHITMORE, K. E., Kingsberg, S. A., & Lee, J. J. (2018) · International Urogynecology Journal · doi:10.1007/s00192-018-3603-9 · Cited by 93 · see citing works
Physiotherapy management of urinary incontinence in females
Bø, K. (2020) · Journal of Physiotherapy · doi:10.1016/j.jphys.2020.06.011 · Cited by 80 · see citing works
Posterior tibial nerve stimulation for overactive bladder—techniques and efficacy
Bhide, A., Tailor, V. K., Fernando, R., Khullar, V., & Digesu, G. A. (2019) · International Urogynecology Journal · doi:10.1007/s00192-019-04186-3 · Cited by 77 · see citing works
Evaluation and Treatment of Overactive Bladder in Women
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Comparison of inflammatory urine markers in patients with interstitial cystitis and overactive bladder
Furuta, A., Yamamoto, T., Suzuki, Y., Gotoh, M., Egawa, S., & Yoshimura, N. (2018) · International Urogynecology Journal · doi:10.1007/s00192-017-3547-5 · Cited by 70 · see citing works
Quantification of pelvic floor muscle strength in female urinary incontinence: A systematic review and comparison of contemporary methodologies
Deegan, E. G., Stothers, L. S., Kavanagh, A. G., & Macnab, A. J. (2017) · Neurourology and Urodynamics · doi:10.1002/nau.23285 · Cited by 69 · see citing works
International urogynecology consultation chapter 3 committee 2; conservative treatment of patient with pelvic organ prolapse: Pelvic floor muscle training
Bø, K., Anglès-Acedo, S., Batra, A., Brækken, I. H., Chan, Y. L., Jorge, C. H., Kruger, J., Yadav, M., & Dumoulin, C. (2022) · International Urogynecology Journal · doi:10.1007/s00192-022-05324-0 · Cited by 64 · see citing works
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Effect of Pelvic Floor Symptoms on Women's Participation in Exercise: A Mixed-Methods Systematic Review With Meta-analysis
Dakic, J. G., Hay‐Smith, J., Cook, J. L., Lin, K., Calo, M., & Frawley, H. (2021) · Journal of Orthopaedic and Sports Physical Therapy · doi:10.2519/jospt.2021.10200 · Cited by 65 · see citing works
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Pelvic floor muscle training as a treatment for genitourinary syndrome of menopause: A single-arm feasibility study
Mercier, J., Morin, M., Zaki, D., Reichetzer, B., Lemieux, M., Khalifé, S., & Dumoulin, C. L. (2019) · Maturitas · doi:10.1016/j.maturitas.2019.03.002 · Cited by 63 · see citing works
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Is Pelvic-Floor Muscle Training a Physical Therapy or a Behavioral Therapy? A Call to Name and Report the Physical, Cognitive, and Behavioral Elements
Frawley, H., Dean, S. G., Slade, S. C., & Hay-Smith, J. E. (2017) · Physical Therapy · doi:10.1093/ptj/pzx006 · Cited by 61 · see citing works
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Ultrasound assessment of pelvic floor muscle contraction: reliability and development of an ultrasound‐based contraction scale
Nyhus, M. Ø., Oversand, S. H., Salvesen, Ø. O., Salvesen, K. Å., Mathew, S., & Volløyhaug, I. (2019) · Ultrasound in Obstetrics and Gynecology · doi:10.1002/uog.20382 · Cited by 60 · see citing works
Efficacy of percutaneous and transcutaneous tibial nerve stimulation in women with idiopathic overactive bladder: A prospective randomised controlled trial
Sönmez, R., Yıldız, N., & Alkan, H. (2021) · Annals of Physical and Rehabilitation Medicine · doi:10.1016/j.rehab.2021.101486 · Cited by 58 · see citing works
Perceptions and help‐seeking behaviours among community‐dwelling older people with urinary incontinence: A systematic integrative review
Fang, Y., Xiao, L. D., Zhou, K., Li, Z., & Tang, S. (2022) · Journal of Advanced Nursing · doi:10.1111/jan.15183 · Cited by 54 · see citing works
The Overactive Pelvic Floor (OPF) and Sexual Dysfunction. Part 2: Evaluation and Treatment of Sexual Dysfunction in OPF Patients.
Padoa, A., McLean, L., Morin, M., & Vandyken, C. (2020) · Sexual Medicine Reviews · doi:10.1016/j.sxmr.2020.04.002 · Cited by 43 · see citing works
Implementing pelvic floor muscle training in women's childbearing years: A critical interpretive synthesis of individual, professional, and service issues
Salmon, V. E., Hay‐Smith, J., Jarvie, R., Dean, S. G., Terry, R. H., Frawley, H., Oborn, E., Bayliss, S. E., Bick, D., Davenport, C. F., et al. (2019) · Neurourology and Urodynamics · doi:10.1002/nau.24256 · Cited by 51 · see citing works
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Pelvic floor and abdominal muscle cocontraction in women with and without pelvic floor dysfunction: a systematic review and meta-analysis
Vesentini, G., Dib, R. E., Righesso, L. A. R., Pículo, F., Marini, G., Ferraz, G. A. R., Calderon, I. D. M. P., Barbosa, A. M. P., & Rudge, M. V. C. (2019) · Clinics · doi:10.6061/clinics/2019/e1319 · Cited by 48 · see citing works
Pelvic Floor Muscle Training Effect in Sexual Function in Postmenopausal Women: A Randomized Controlled Trial
Franco, M. M., Pena, C. C., de Freitas, L. M., Antônio, F. I., Lara, L. A. D. S., & Ferreira, C. H. J. (2021) · The Journal of Sexual Medicine · doi:10.1016/j.jsxm.2021.05.005 · Cited by 74 · see citing works
Pelvic floor muscle training: mechanisms of action for the improvement of genitourinary syndrome of menopause
Mercier, J., Morin, M., Tang, A., Reichetzer, B., Lemieux, M., Samir, K., Zaki, D., Gougeon, F., & Dumoulin, C. L. (2020) · Climacteric · doi:10.1080/13697137.2020.1724942 · Cited by 47 · see citing works
Self-citation
The relationship of severity in diastasis recti abdominis and pelvic floor dysfunction: a retrospective cohort study
Fei, H., Liu, Y., Li, M., He, J., Liu, L., Li, J., Wan, Y., & Li, T. (2021) · BMC Women s Health · doi:10.1186/s12905-021-01194-8 · Cited by 51 · see citing works
Transcutaneous tibial nerve home stimulation for overactive bladder in women with Parkinson's disease: A randomized clinical trial
de Araújo, T. G., Schmidt, A. P., Sanches, P. R. S., Silva, D. P., Rieder, C. R. D. M., & Ramos, J. G. L. (2020) · Neurourology and Urodynamics · doi:10.1002/nau.24595 · Cited by 46 · see citing works
Pelvic floor muscle knowledge and relationship with muscle strength in Brazilian women: a cross-sectional study
de Freitas, L. M., Bø, K., Fernandes, A. C. N. L., Uechi, N., Duarte, T. B., & Ferreira, C. H. J. (2018) · International Urogynecology Journal · doi:10.1007/s00192-018-3824-y · Cited by 44 · see citing works
Effects of perineal preparation techniques on tissue extensibility and muscle strength: a pilot study
de Freitas, S. S., Cabral, A. L., Pinto, R. D. M. C., Resende, A. P. M., & Baldon, V. S. P. (2018) · International Urogynecology Journal · doi:10.1007/s00192-018-3793-1 · Cited by 41 · see citing works
Efficacy of Supervised Pelvic Floor Muscle Training and Biofeedback vs Attention-Control Treatment in Adults With Fecal Incontinence
Ussing, A., Dahn, I., Due, U., Sørensen, M., Petersen, J., & Bandholm, T. (2018) · Clinical Gastroenterology and Hepatology · doi:10.1016/j.cgh.2018.12.015 · Cited by 41 · see citing works
Keeping the pelvic floor healthy
Dumoulin, C. L., Cacciari, L., & Mercier, J. (2019) · Climacteric · doi:10.1080/13697137.2018.1552934 · Cited by 41 · see citing works
Self-citation
Pelvic Floor Morbidity Following Vaginal Delivery versus Cesarean Delivery: Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis
Barca, J. A., Bravo, C., Recarte, P. P., Asúnsolo, Á., Cueto-Hernández, I., Ruiz-Labarta, J., Buján, J., Ortega, M. A., & León-Luis, J. A. D. (2021) · Journal of Clinical Medicine · doi:10.3390/jcm10081652 · Cited by 41 · see citing works
High-Low Impact Exercise Program Including Pelvic Floor Muscle Exercises Improves Pelvic Floor Muscle Function in Healthy Pregnant Women – A Randomized Control Trial
Szumilewicz, A., Dornowski, M., Piernicka, M., Worska, A., Kuchta, A., Kortas, J. A., Błudnicka, M., Radzimiński, Ł., & Jastrzębski, Z. (2019) · Frontiers in Physiology · doi:10.3389/fphys.2018.01867 · Cited by 40 · see citing works
An International Continence Society (ICS) report on the terminology for female pelvic floor fistulas
Elneil, S., Romanzi, L. J., Goh, J. T. W., Haylen, B. T., Chen, C. C. G., Ghoniem, G. M., Ijaiya, M. A., Kwon, S. Y., Lee, J., Mourad, S., et al. (2020) · Neurourology and Urodynamics · doi:10.1002/nau.24508 · Cited by 40 · see citing works
Self-citation
Effectiveness of Botulinum Toxin for Treatment of Symptomatic Pelvic Floor Myofascial Pain in Women: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis
Meister, M., Brubaker, A., Sutcliffe, S. S., & Lowder, J. L. (2020) · Urogynecology · doi:10.1097/spv.0000000000000870 · Cited by 39 · see citing works
Diagnosis and Non-Surgical Management of Urinary Incontinence – A Literature Review with Recommendations for Practice
O’Connor, E. M., Riogh, A. N. A., Karavitakis, M., Monagas, S., & Nambiar, A. (2021) · International Journal of General Medicine · doi:10.2147/ijgm.s289314 · Cited by 39 · see citing works
Prevention and non-surgical management of pelvic floor dysfunction: summary of NICE guidance
Okeahialam, N. A., Dworzynski, K., Jacklin, P., & McClurg, D. (2022) · BMJ · doi:10.1136/bmj.n3049 · Cited by 39 · see citing works
Self-citation
Prevalence of overactive bladder among overweight and obese women: A prospective cross-sectional cohort study
Alsannan, B., Laganà, A. S., Alhermi, J., Almansoor, S., Ayed, A., Venezia, R., & Etrusco, A. (2024) · European Journal of Obstetrics & Gynecology and Reproductive Biology · doi:10.1016/j.ejogrb.2024.02.010 · Cited by 37 · see citing works
The impact of pelvic floor multidisciplinary team on patient management: the experience of a tertiary unit
Pandeva, I., Biers, S. M., Pradhan, A. K., Verma, V., Slack, M. C., & Thiruchelvam, N. (2019) · Journal of Multidisciplinary Healthcare · doi:10.2147/jmdh.s186847 · Cited by 36 · see citing works
Which combination is most effective in women with idiopathic overactive bladder, including bladder training, biofeedback, and electrical stimulation? A prospective randomized controlled trial
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Re: An International Urogynecological Association (IUGA)/International Continence Society (ICS) Joint Report on the Terminology for the Conservative and Nonpharmacological Management of Female Pelvic Floor Dysfunction
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An International Urogynecological Association (IUGA)/International Continence Society (ICS) joint report on the terminology for female pelvic floor dysfunction
Haylen, B. T., de Ridder, D., Freeman, R. M., Swift, S. E., Berghmans, B., Lee, J., Monga, A., Petri, E., Rizk, D. E., Sand, P. K., et al. (2010) · International Urogynecology Journal · doi:10.1007/s00192-009-0976-9 · Cited by 2,237 · see citing works
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Comment on the recently published IUGA/ICS joint report on the terminology for the conservative and nonpharmacological management of female pelvic floor dysfunction
Talasz, H., Köfler, M., & Lechleitner, M. (2017) · International Urogynecology Journal · doi:10.1007/s00192-017-3299-2 · Cited by 2 · see citing works
An international Urogynecological association (IUGA)/international continence society (ICS) joint report on the terminology for the assessment of sexual health of women with pelvic floor dysfunction
Rogers, R. G., Pauls, R. N., Thakar, R., Morin, M., Kühn, A., Petri, E., Fatton, B., WHITMORE, K. E., Kingsberg, S. A., & Lee, J. J. (2018) · International Urogynecology Journal · doi:10.1007/s00192-018-3603-9 · Cited by 93 · see citing works
Response to comment on the IUGA/ICS joint report on the terminology for the conservative and nonpharmacological management of female pelvic floor dysfunction
Bø, K., Frawley, H., Haylen, B. T., Morin, M., & Shelly, E. (2017) · International Urogynecology Journal · doi:10.1007/s00192-017-3387-3 · Cited by 2 · see citing works
Self-citation

Authors: Bo, K., Frawley, H. C., Haylen, B. T., Abramov, Y., Almeida, F. G., Berghmans, B., Bortolini, M., Dumoulin, C., Gomes, M., McClurg, D., Meijlink, J., Shelly, E., Trabuco, E., Walker, C., & Wells, A.
Affiliations: La Trobe University (AU)
UNSW Sydney (AU)
Technion – Israel Institute of Technology (IL)
Universidade Federal de São Paulo (BR)
Maastricht University Medical Centre (NL)
Université de Montréal (CA)
Glasgow Caledonian University (GB)
Mayo Clinic (US)
Hospital Universitario Quirónsalud Madrid (ES)
University of Exeter (GB)
ORCID: Frawley, Helena C.
Haylen, Bernard T.
Berghmans, Bary
Bortolini, Maria
Dumoulin, Chantale
McClurg, Doreen
Meijlink, Jane
Trabuco, Emanuel
Venue: International Urogynecology Journal
Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Published: 2016-12-05
Volume: 28
Issue: 2
Pages: 191-213
ISSN: 0937-3462 (ISSN-L)
1433-3023
DOI: 10.1007/s00192-016-3123-4
OpenAlex: W2558401829
Semantic Scholar: 7c8d09ecaf9dedbbf0489aaf8fe581d0fb996501
Cited by: 429
References: 150
Citations by year: 2026: 43 · 2025: 42 · 2024: 48 · 2023: 56 · 2022: 61 · 2021: 63 · 2020: 39 · 2019: 32 · 2018: 29 · 2017: 13 · 2014: 1
FWCI: 25.99
Type: journal article
Language: en
Open access: green
cris.maastrichtuniversity.nl
Licence: cc-by
www.springer.com/tdm (unspecified)
Locations: International Urogynecology Journal (publishedVersion)
PubMed (publishedVersion)
Research Publications (Maastricht University) (publishedVersion, cc-by)
ResearchOnline (Glasgow Caledonian University) (acceptedVersion, other-oa)
Papyrus : Institutional Repository (Université de Montréal) (submittedVersion, cc-by)
Research Publications (Maastricht University) (submittedVersion, other-oa)
Funders: McGill University
University of Southampton
Univerza v Ljubljani
Topics: Health Sciences › Medicine › Rheumatology › Pelvic floor disorders treatments
Health Sciences › Medicine › Urology › Urinary Bladder and Prostate Research
Health Sciences › Medicine › Psychiatry and Mental health › Sexual function and dysfunction studies
Keywords: female pelvic floor dysfunction, terminology standardization, conservative treatment, non-pharmacological treatment, pelvic floor physiotherapy, urinary incontinence, fecal incontinence, pelvic organ prolapse
MeSH terms: Conservative Treatment, Diagnostic Imaging, Female, Gynecology, Humans, Terminology as Topic, Societies, Medical, Urinary Incontinence, Urodynamics, Urology, Pelvic Pain, Pelvic Floor, Gynecological Examination, Pelvic Floor Disorders

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An International Urogynecological Association (IUGA)/International Continence Society (ICS) joint report on the terminology for the conservative and nonpharmacological management of female pelvic floor dysfunction

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