Efficacy of home-based virtual cycling training on bone mineral density in ambulatory children with cerebral palsy
Abstract
Unlabelled The 12-week home-based virtual cycling training (hVCT) improved lower limb muscle strength and areal bone mineral density (aBMD) than the control program in children with cerebral palsy (CP). A muscle strengthening program, rather than general physical activity, is more specific in enhancing aBMD for these children. A novel hVCT is an effective and efficient strategy that enhances lower limb bone density in these children.Introduction This is the first study to assess the efficacy of a novel hVCT program on bone density for children with spastic CP using a well-designed randomized controlled trial.Methods Twenty-seven ambulatory children with spastic CP, aged 6-12 years, were randomly assigned to the hVCT group (n=13) or control group (n=14). Outcome measures-motor function [Gross Motor Function Measure-66 (GMFM-66)], muscle strength (curl up scores and isokinetic torque of knee extensor and flexor muscle) and aBMD of the lumbar and distal femur-were administered before and immediately after the 12-week intervention.Results Analysis of covariance results show that the hVCT group had greater distal femur aBMD and isokinetic torques of knee extensor and flexor muscles than the control group at posttreatment (p<0.05). However, curl up scores, GMFM-66, and lumbar aBMD at posttreatment did not differ between the two groups.Conclusions Analytical findings suggest that the muscle strengthening program is more specific in enhancing bone density for children with CP than general physical activity. Thus, the proposed 12-week hVCT protocol is an effective and efficient strategy for improving lower limb aBMD in these children.
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Nineteen studies reported in twenty randomized controlled trials, published between 2002 and 2016, were included in the review.
“Therefore, a total of 19 studies (in 20 RCTs) that were published between 2002 and 2016 were included in this review.41-44,46-61”
From Effectiveness of Virtual Reality in Children With Cerebral Palsy: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of Randomized Controlled Trials (2018) · cites this paper as [41]
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- Authors
- Chen, C.-L., Chen, C.-Y., Liaw, M.-Y., Chung, C.-Y., Wang, C.-J., & Hong, W.-H.
- Affiliations
- Chang Gung University (TW)
- Chang Gung Memorial Hospital (TW)
- China Medical University (TW)
- Corresponding author
- Hong, W.-H.
- Venue
- Osteoporosis International
- Published
- 2012-09-28
- Volume
- 24
- Issue
- 4
- Pages
- 1399-1406
- ISSN
- 0937-941X (ISSN-L)
- 1433-2965
- OpenAlex
- W2028076735
- Cited by
- 74
- References
- 43
- Citations by year
- 2026: 4 · 2025: 11 · 2024: 9 · 2023: 4 · 2022: 6 · 2021: 7 · 2020: 5 · 2019: 6 · 2018: 3 · 2017: 8 · 2016: 2 · 2015: 1 · 2014: 7
- FWCI
- 1.82
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Licence
- www.springer.com/tdm (tdm)
- Locations
- Osteoporosis International (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Topics
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Psychiatry and Mental health › Cerebral Palsy and Movement Disorders
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Neurology › Botulinum Toxin and Related Neurological Disorders
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Developmental and Educational Psychology › Children's Physical and Motor Development
- Keywords
- cerebral palsy, bone mineral density, ambulatory children, spasticity, muscle strengthening, lower limb muscle strength, isokinetic torque, distal femur, lumbar spine, motor function, exercise intervention
- MeSH terms
- Bicycling, Cerebral Palsy, Child, Exercise Therapy, Female, Femur, Home Care Services, Humans, Knee Joint, Male, Bone Density, Range of Motion, Articular, Walking, Treatment Outcome, Muscle, Skeletal, Muscle Strength, Virtual Reality Exposure Therapy
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