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Comparative performance of current definitions of sarcopenia against the prospective incidence of falls among community-dwelling seniors age 65 and older
Open accessAbstract
Unlabelled In this study, we compare the extent to which seven available definitions of sarcopenia and two related definitions predict the rate of falling. Our results suggest that the definitions of Baumgartner and Cruz-Jentoft best predict the rate of falls among sarcopenic versus non-sarcopenic community-dwelling seniors.Introduction The purpose of the study is to compare the extent to which seven available definitions of sarcopenia and two related definitions predict the prospective rate of falling.Methods We studied a cohort of 445 seniors (mean age 71 years, 45 % men) living in the community who were followed with a detailed fall assessment for 3 years. For comparing the rate of falls in sarcopenic versus non-sarcopenic individuals, we used multivariate Poisson regression analyses adjusting for gender and treatment (original intervention tested vitamin D plus calcium against placebo). Of the seven available definitions, three were based on low lean mass alone (Baumgartner, Delmonico 1 and 2) and four required both low muscle mass and decreased performance in a functional test (Fielding, Cruz-Jentoft, Morley, Muscaritoli). The two related definitions were based on low lean mass alone (Studenski 1) and low lean mass contributing to weakness (Studenski 2).Results Among 445 participants, 231 fell, sustaining 514 falls over the 3-year follow-up. The prospective rate of falls in sarcopenic versus non-sarcopenic individuals was best predicted by the Baumgartner definition based on low lean mass alone (RR = 1.54; 95 % CI 1.09-2.18) with 11 % prevalence of sarcopenia and the Cruz-Jentoft definition based on low lean mass plus decreased functional performance (RR = 1.82; 95 % CI 1.24-2.69) with 7.1 % prevalence of sarcopenia. Consistently, fall rate was non-significantly higher in sarcopenic versus non-sarcopenic individuals based on the definitions of Delmonico 1, Fielding, and Morley.Conclusion Among the definitions investigated, the Baumgartner definition and the Cruz-Jentoft definition had the highest validity for predicting the rate of falls.
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“Hereof, researchers have shown significant differences and bias in the prevalence of Sarcopenia when different cut points of the distinct populations used instead of the original sex- specific group of subjects [10, 11].”
From Prevalence of sarcopenia in the world: a systematic review and meta- analysis of general population studies (2017) · cites this paper as [10]
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“The prevalence of sarcopenia varied between 2.5 and 27.2% among women, and 3.1 and 20.4% among men [33].”
From Is There Enough Evidence for Osteosarcopenic Obesity as a Distinct Entity? A Critical Literature Review (2019) · cites this paper as [33]
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“Falling is a widely accepted serious and clinically and economically relevant consequence of sarcopenia [15, 16].”
BackgroundInfluentialJanssen, I., Heymsfield, S. B., & Ross, R. (2002) · Journal of the American Geriatrics Society · doi:10.1046/j.1532-5415.2002.50216.x · Cited by 3,139 · cited 1×
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Metadata
- Authors
- Bischoff-Ferrari, H. A., Orav, J. E., Kanis, J. A., Rizzoli, R., Schlögl, M., Staehelin, H. B., Willett, W. C., & Dawson-Hughes, B.
- Affiliations
- University of Zurich (CH)
- University of Geneva (CH)
- University of Basel (CH)
- Harvard University (US)
- Corresponding author
- Bischoff-Ferrari, H. A.
- Venue
- Osteoporosis International
- Published
- 2015-06-12
- Volume
- 26
- Issue
- 12
- Pages
- 2793-2802
- ISSN
- 0937-941X (ISSN-L)
- 1433-2965
- OpenAlex
- W1917806107
- Cited by
- 332
- References
- 48
- Citations by year
- 2026: 19 · 2025: 39 · 2024: 34 · 2023: 38 · 2022: 46 · 2021: 38 · 2020: 35 · 2019: 17 · 2018: 25 · 2017: 21 · 2016: 16 · 2015: 4
- FWCI
- 16.18
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- bronze
- doi.org
- Licence
- www.springer.com/tdm (tdm)
- Locations
- Osteoporosis International (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Archive ouverte UNIGE (University of Geneva) (publishedVersion)
- Zurich Open Repository and Archive (University of Zurich) (acceptedVersion, other-oa)
- reroDoc Digital Library (submittedVersion)
- Research Bank (Australian Catholic University) (submittedVersion)
- Archive ouverte UNIGE (University of Geneva) (submittedVersion, cc-by)
- Zurich Open Repository and Archive (University of Zurich) (submittedVersion, other-oa)
- Zurich Open Repository and Archive (University of Zurich)
- Funders
- Baugarten Stiftung
- Topics
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Physiology (medical) › Nutrition and Health in Aging
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Geriatrics and Gerontology › Frailty in Older Adults
- Health Sciences › Health Professions › Physical Therapy, Sports Therapy and Rehabilitation › Balance, Gait, and Falls Prevention
- Keywords
- sarcopenia, sarcopenia definitions, fall incidence, community-dwelling older adults, lean body mass, muscle strength, functional performance, calcium and vitamin D supplementation, fall risk prediction
- MeSH terms
- Accidental Falls, Aged, Anthropometry, Calcium, Double-Blind Method, Drug Therapy, Combination, Female, Gait, Humans, Male, Prospective Studies, Residence Characteristics, Sex Factors, Vitamin D, Absorptiometry, Photon, Incidence, Prevalence, Hand Strength, Sarcopenia
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