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Cited by 60Plant-Microbe Interactions and ImmunityAgriculture, Plant Science, Crop ManagementAgricultural Science and Fertilization

Co-inoculation with tropical strains of Azospirillum and Bacillus is more efficient than single inoculation for improving plant growth and nutrient uptake in maize

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Ribeiro, Vitória Palhares, Gomes, Eliane Aparecida, de Sousa, Sylvia Morais, de Paula Lana, Ubiraci Gomes, Coelho, Antonio Marcos, Marriel, Ivanildo Evódio, de Oliveira-Paiva, Christiane Abreu·2022·Archives of Microbiology
DOI 10.1007/s00203-022-02759-3

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Abstract

Usage of Bacillus and Azospirillum as new eco-friendly microbial consortium inoculants is a promising strategy to increase plant growth and crop yield by improving nutrient availability in agricultural sustainable systems. In this study, we designed a multispecies inoculum containing B. thuringiensis (strain B116), B. subtillis (strain B2084) and Azospirillum sp. (strains A1626 and A2142) to investigate their individual or co-inoculated ability to solubilize and mineralize phosphate, produce indole acetic acid (IAA) and their effect on maize growth promotion in hydroponics and in a non-sterile soil. All strains showed significant IAA production, P mineralization (sodium phytate) and Ca-P, Fe-P (tricalcium phosphate and iron phosphate, respectively) solubilization. In hydroponics, co-inoculation with A1626 x A2142, B2084 x A2142, B2084 x A1626 resulted in higher root total length, total surface area, and surface area of roots with diameter between 0 and 1 mm than other treatments with single inoculant, except B2084. In a greenhouse experiment, maize inoculated with the two Azospirillum strains exhibited enhanced shoot dry weight, shoot P and K content, root dry weight, root N and K content and acid and alkaline phosphatase activities than the other treatments. There was a significant correlation between soil P and P shoot, alkaline phosphatase and P shoot and between acid phosphatase and root dry weight. It may be concluded that co-inoculations are most effective than single inoculants strains, mainly between two selected Azospirillum strains. Thus, they could have synergistic interactions during maize growth, and be useful in the formulation of new inoculants to improve the tropical cropping systems sustainability.

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  • Ribeiro et al. [42] reported that maize plantlets inoculated with 10 7 CFU/ml plantlet of A. brasilense enhanced root growth, nutrient content, and dry weight.

    “Ribeiro et al. [42] reported that maize plantlets inoculated with 10 7 CFU/ml plantlet of A. brasilense enhanced root growth, nutrient content, and dry weight.”

    From Azospirillum brasilense affects survival, growth and nutrient status of micropropagated sugarcane (Saccharum spp.) plantlets during ex vitro conditions (2025) · cites this paper as [42]

    The hydroponic methods specify a suspension of 10^7 CFU/mL, and the results report improved root growth, nutrient content, and dry weight in inoculated maize seedlings (page unavailable). However, the strongest improvements were from co-inoculation, particularly of two A. brasilense strains; the paper does not establish that A. brasilense alone enhanced all three outcomes as the citing sentence implies. (LLM, conf=0.88)

    Experimental — accuracy not yet measured

  • Cassán et al. [40] and Ribeiro et al. [42] note that Azospirillum spp. alters root architecture, increasing ramification, volume, and the formation of root hairs.

    “Cassán et al. [40] and Ribeiro et al. [42] note that Azospirillum spp.alters root architecture, increasing ramification, volume, and the formation of root hairs.”

    From Azospirillum brasilense affects survival, growth and nutrient status of micropropagated sugarcane (Saccharum spp.) plantlets during ex vitro conditions (2025) · cites this paper as [42]

    The Introduction (page not available in our copy) says Azospirillum alters root architecture by increasing root branching and volume. It does not mention increased formation of root hairs; the paper’s root-morphology measurements likewise do not include root hairs. (LLM, conf=0.88)

    Experimental — accuracy not yet measured

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Sorted by citations

Authors
Ribeiro, V. P., Gomes, E. A., de Sousa, S. M., de Paula Lana, U. G., Coelho, A. M., Marriel, I. E., & de Oliveira-Paiva, C. A.
Affiliations
  • Federal University of São João del-Rei (BR)
  • Embrapa Milho e Sorgo (BR)
Corresponding author
Marriel, Ivanildo Evódio
ORCID
Venue
Archives of Microbiology
Publisher
Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Published
2022-01-19
Volume
204
Issue
2
Pages
143-143
ISSN
  • 0003-9276 (ISSN-L)
  • 0302-8933
  • 1432-072X
DOI
10.1007/s00203-022-02759-3
OpenAlex
W4225551232
Cited by
60
References
1
Citations by year
2026: 11 · 2025: 19 · 2024: 15 · 2023: 10 · 2022: 5
FWCI
6.75
Type
journal article
Language
en
Open access
Licence
Locations
  • Archives of Microbiology (publishedVersion)
  • Research Square (acceptedVersion, cc-by)
  • PubMed (publishedVersion)
Funders
empresa brasileira de pesquisa agropecuária (0109010010205)
Topics
  • Life Sciences › Agricultural and Biological Sciences › Plant Science › Plant-Microbe Interactions and Immunity
  • Life Sciences › Agricultural and Biological Sciences › Plant Science › Agriculture, Plant Science, Crop Management
  • Life Sciences › Agricultural and Biological Sciences › Soil Science › Agricultural Science and Fertilization
Keywords
Azospirillum, Bacillus thuringiensis, Bacillus subtilis, co-inoculation, microbial inoculants, maize, phosphate solubilization, phosphate mineralization, indole acetic acid, phosphatase activity, root growth, nutrient uptake, plant growth promotion, tropical cropping systems, hydroponics
MeSH terms
Nutrients, Bacillus, Zea mays, Soil Microbiology, Azospirillum, Plant Roots

About these checks

Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.

Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.

Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.

What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›

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