The DOI matches its Crossref record; 27 of the 27 references it cites were found in a registry or an index.
Reference database design for the automated analysis of microplastic samples based on Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy
Open accessAbstract
The identification of microplastics becomes increasingly challenging with decreasing particle size and increasing sample heterogeneity. The analysis of microplastic samples by Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy is a versatile, bias-free tool to succeed at this task. In this study, we provide an adaptable reference database, which can be applied to single-particle identification as well as methods like chemical imaging based on FTIR microscopy. The large datasets generated by chemical imaging can be further investigated by automated analysis, which does, however, require a carefully designed database. The novel database design is based on the hierarchical cluster analysis of reference spectra in the spectral range from 3600 to 1250 cm−1. The hereby generated database entries were optimized for the automated analysis software with defined reference datasets. The design was further tested for its customizability with additional entries. The final reference database was extensively tested on reference datasets and environmental samples. Data quality by means of correct particle identification and depiction significantly increased compared to that of previous databases, proving the applicability of the concept and highlighting the importance of this work. Our novel database provides a reference point for data comparison with future and previous microplastic studies that are based on different databases.
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Metadata
- Authors
- Primpke, S., Wirth, M., Lorenz, C., & Gerdts, G.
- Affiliations
- Alfred-Wegener-Institut Helmholtz-Zentrum für Polar- und Meeresforschung (DE)
- Corresponding author
- Primpke, Sebastian
- Venue
- Analytical and Bioanalytical Chemistry
- Published
- 2018-07-06
- Volume
- 410
- Issue
- 21
- Pages
- 5131-5141
- ISSN
- 1618-2642 (ISSN-L)
- 1618-2650
- PMC
- PMC6113679
- OpenAlex
- W2856517393
- Cited by
- 584
- References
- 27
- Citations by year
- 2026: 89 · 2025: 75 · 2024: 90 · 2023: 92 · 2022: 82 · 2021: 75 · 2020: 50 · 2019: 25 · 2018: 4
- FWCI
- 14.52
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- hybrid
- doi.org
- Licence
- Locations
- Analytical and Bioanalytical Chemistry (publishedVersion, cc-by)
- Europe PMC (PubMed Central) (publishedVersion, other-oa)
- PubMed Central (publishedVersion, cc-by)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Helmholtz-Zentrum für Polar-und Meeresforschung (Alfred-Wegener-Institut) (submittedVersion)
- VBN Forskningsportal (Aalborg Universitet) (submittedVersion, other-oa)
- Funders
- Bundesministerium für Bildung und Forschung (03F0734A)
- Topics
- Physical Sciences › Environmental Science › Pollution › Microplastics and Plastic Pollution
- Physical Sciences › Chemistry › Analytical Chemistry › Spectroscopy and Chemometric Analyses
- Social Sciences › Arts and Humanities › Archeology (arts and humanities) › Cultural Heritage Materials Analysis
- Keywords
- microplastics, FTIR spectroscopy, FTIR microscopy, chemical imaging, hierarchical clustering, reference spectra, automated analysis, environmental samples, microplastic detection
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.
What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›
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