The DOI matches its Crossref record; 42 of the 42 references it cites were found in a registry or an index.
In vivo changes in microglial activation and amyloid deposits in brain regions with hypometabolism in Alzheimer’s disease
Open accessAbstract
Purpose Amyloid β protein (Aβ) is known as a pathological substance in Alzheimer's disease (AD) and is assumed to coexist with a degree of activated microglia in the brain. However, it remains unclear whether these two events occur in parallel with characteristic hypometabolism in AD in vivo. The purpose of the present study was to clarify the in vivo relationship between Aβ accumulation and neuroinflammation in those specific brain regions in early AD.Methods Eleven nootropic drug-naïve AD patients underwent a series of positron emission tomography (PET) measurements with [(11)C](R)PK11195, [(11)C]PIB and [(18)F]FDG and a battery of cognitive tests within the same day. The binding potentials (BPs) of [(11)C](R)PK11195 were directly compared with those of [(11)C]PIB in the brain regions with reduced glucose metabolism.Results BPs of [(11)C](R)PK11195 and [(11)C]PIB were significantly higher in the parietotemporal regions of AD patients than in ten healthy controls. In AD patients, there was a negative correlation between dementia score and [(11)C](R)PK11195 BPs, but not [(11)C]PIB, in the limbic, precuneus and prefrontal regions. Direct comparisons showed a significant negative correlation between [(11)C](R)PK11195 and [(11)C]PIB BPs in the posterior cingulate cortex (PCC) (p < 0.05, corrected) that manifested the most severe reduction in [(18)F]FDG uptake.Conclusion A lack of coupling between microglial activation and amyloid deposits may indicate that Aβ accumulation shown by [(11)C]PIB is not always the primary cause of microglial activation, but rather the negative correlation present in the PCC suggests that microglia can show higher activation during the production of Aβ in early AD.
Overview
The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.
Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.
Integrity signals
Registry
Cites
Statistics
Verification
Claims the paper makes
The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.
Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.
Claims other papers make about this one
Each is checked against this paper’s own text: does it say what the citing paper says it does?
In the citing paper
“AD patients all showed significantly increased regional TSPO ligand binding in the cortices compared to controls.”
From Microglia in neurodegenerative diseases: mechanism and potential therapeutic targets (2023) · cites this paper as [136]
Self-check
Percentages, sums and reported differences re-computed from the paper’s own numbers.
The self-check needs the paper’s full text.
Citations
Cites
McKhann, G., Drachman, D., Folstein, M., Katzman, R., Price, D., & Stadlan, E. M. (1984) · Neurology · doi:10.1212/wnl.34.7.939 · Cited by 27,915
The Amyloid Hypothesis of Alzheimer’s Disease: Progress and Problems on the Road to Therapeutics
Hardy, J., & Selkoe, D. J. (2002) · Science · doi:10.1126/science.1072994 · Cited by 13,864
Talairach, J., Tournoux, P., & Rayport, M. (1988) · Thieme eBooks · Cited by 5,058
Imaging brain amyloid in Alzheimer's disease with Pittsburgh Compound‐B
Klunk, W. E., Engler, H., Nordberg, A., Wang, Y., Blomqvist, G., Holt, D. P., Bergström, M., Savitcheva, I., Huang, G., Estrada, S., et al. (2004) · Annals of Neurology · doi:10.1002/ana.20009 · Cited by 4,496
Shankar, G. M., Li, S., Mehta, T. H., Garcia-Munoz, A., Shepardson, N. E., Smith, I., Brett, F. M., Farrell, M. A., Rowan, M. J., Lemere, C. A., et al. (2008) · Nature Medicine · doi:10.1038/nm1782 · Cited by 3,685
Simplified Reference Tissue Model for PET Receptor Studies
Lammertsma, A. A., & Hume, S. P. (1996) · NeuroImage · doi:10.1006/nimg.1996.0066 · Cited by 2,025
Metabolic reduction in the posterior cingulate cortex in very early Alzheimer's disease
Minoshima, S., Giordani, B., Berent, S., Frey, K. A., Foster, N. L., & Kuhl, D. E. (1997) · Annals of Neurology · doi:10.1002/ana.410420114 · Cited by 1,802
Wyss-Coray (2006) · doi:10.1038/nm1484 · Cited by 1,284
Lacor, P. N., Buniel, M. C., Furlow, P. W., Sanz Clemente, A., Velasco, P. T., Wood, M., Viola, K. L., & Klein, W. L. (2007) · The Journal of Neuroscience · doi:10.1523/jneurosci.3501-06.2007 · Cited by 1,188
Jack, C. R., Lowe, V. J., Weigand, S. D., Wiste, H. J., Senjem, M. L., Knopman, D. S., Shiung, M. M., Gunter, J. L., Boeve, B. F., Kemp, B. J., et al. (2009) · Brain · doi:10.1093/brain/awp062 · Cited by 1,099
Flagged first, then by citations
Cited by
Sorted by citations
Items 101–174 of 174
PET Neuroimaging in Dementia Conditions
Perani, D., Caminiti, S. P., Carli, G., & Tondo, G. (2020) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-3-030-53168-3_9 · Cited by 20
Reprint of: Microglial toll-like receptors and Alzheimer’s disease
Su, F., Bai, F., Zhou, H., & Zhang, Z. (2016) · Brain Behavior and Immunity · doi:10.1016/j.bbi.2016.05.016 · Cited by 19
Heterogeneous brain FDG-PET metabolic patterns in patients with C9orf72 mutation
Castelnovo, V., Caminiti, S. P., Riva, N., Magnani, G., Silani, V., & Perani, D. (2018) · Neurological Sciences · doi:10.1007/s10072-018-3685-7 · Cited by 20
Intravesical BCG and Incidence of Alzheimer Disease in Patients With Bladder Cancer
Makrakis, D., Holt, S. K., Bernick, C. B., Grivas, P. D., Gore, J. L., & Wright, J. L. (2022) · Alzheimer Disease & Associated Disorders · doi:10.1097/wad.0000000000000530 · Cited by 19
Marchi, F. D., Vignaroli, F., Mazzini, L., Comi, C., & Tondo, G. (2023) · CNS & Neurological Disorders - Drug Targets · doi:10.2174/1871527322666230608110201 · Cited by 19
Jorge, L., Martins, R., Canário, N., Xavier, A. C., Abrunhosa, A., Santana, I. J., & Castelo-Branco, M. S. (2021) · Journal of Alzheimer s Disease · doi:10.3233/jad-200840 · Cited by 19
You, M., Wang, K., Pan, Y., Tao, L., Ma, Q., Zhang, G., & Hu, F. (2022) · Food & Function · doi:10.1039/d1fo02397g · Cited by 17
Canário, N., Jorge, L., Martins, R., Santana, I. J., & Castelo-Branco, M. S. (2022) · Communications Biology · doi:10.1038/s42003-022-03761-7 · Cited by 21
Neuroinflammation and amyloid deposition in the progression of mixed Alzheimer and vascular dementia
Ying, C., Kang, P. M., Binkley, M. M., Ford, A. L., Chen, Y., Hassenstab, J. J., Wáng, Q., Strain, J. F., Morris, J. C., Lee, J., et al. (2023) · NeuroImage Clinical · doi:10.1016/j.nicl.2023.103373 · Cited by 18
Ji, B., Chen, C.-J., Bando, K., Ashino, H., Shiraishi, H., Sano, H., Kasahara, H., Minamizawa, T., YAMADA, K., Ono, M., et al. (2015) · Journal of Neurochemistry · doi:10.1111/jnc.13293 · Cited by 17
Komori, S., Cross, D. J., Mills, M. K., Ouchi, Y., Nishizawa, S., Okada, H., Norikane, T., Thientunyakit, T., Anzai, Y., & Minoshima, S. (2022) · Annals of Nuclear Medicine · doi:10.1007/s12149-022-01775-z · Cited by 15
Self-citationChen, F., Wu, X., Yang, J., Yu, X., Liu, B., & Yan, Z. (2022) · European Journal of Pharmacology · doi:10.1016/j.ejphar.2022.175360 · Cited by 14
PET Imaging to Measure Neuroinflammation In Vivo
Malpetti, M., Franzmeier, N., & Brendel, M. (2024) · Methods in molecular biology · doi:10.1007/978-1-0716-3774-6_12 · Cited by 14
New PET markers for the diagnosis of dementia
Payoux, P., & Salabert, A. (2017) · Current Opinion in Neurology · doi:10.1097/wco.0000000000000489 · Cited by 14
Advance and Prospect of Positron Emission Tomography in Alzheimer’s disease research
Wang, Y., Liao, W., Wang, L., Li, J., Huang, D., Cheng, W., Tian, J., & Luan, P. (2025) · Molecular Psychiatry · doi:10.1038/s41380-025-03081-2 · Cited by 13
Fairley, L. H., Lai, K. O., Grimm, A., Eckert, A., & Barron, A. M. (2024) · Biochimie · doi:10.1016/j.biochi.2024.07.003 · Cited by 14
Molecular imaging of neuroinflammation in Alzheimer’s disease
Varrone, A., & Nordberg, A. K. (2015) · Clinical and Translational Imaging · doi:10.1007/s40336-015-0137-8 · Cited by 13
Fukai, M., Hirosawa, T., Kikuchi, M., Hino, S., Kitamura, T., Ouchi, Y., Yokokura, M., Yoshikawa, E., Bunai, T., & Minabe, Y. (2018) · Neuropsychiatry · doi:10.4172/neuropsychiatry.1000365 · Cited by 13
Self-citationNeuroinflammation in dementia: A meta-analysis of PET imaging studies
Pan, J., Hu, J., Meng, D., Chen, L., & Wei, X. (2024) · Medicine · doi:10.1097/md.0000000000038086 · Cited by 11
Molecular PET Imaging in Alzheimer’s Disease
Thientunyakit, T., Shiratori, S., Ishii, K., & Gelovani, J. G. (2022) · Journal of Medical and Biological Engineering · doi:10.1007/s40846-022-00717-4 · Cited by 12
Neuroinflammation to neurodegeneration: Boulevard of broken nerves
Attiq, A., Afzal, S., Raman, H., & Ahmad, W. (2025) · International Immunopharmacology · doi:10.1016/j.intimp.2025.115015 · Cited by 12
Molecular neuroimaging in degenerative dementias
Jiménez-Bonilla, J. F., & CARRIL, J. M. (2013) · Revista Española de Medicina Nuclear e Imagen Molecular (English Edition) · doi:10.1016/j.remnie.2013.07.027 · Cited by 10
Review Article Neuroinflammation in Alzheimer's disease: Current evidence and future directions
Calsolaro, V., & Edison, P. (2016) · Cited by 10
La neuroimagen molecular en las demencias degenerativas
Jiménez-Bonilla, J. F., & CARRIL, J. M. (2013) · Revista Española de Medicina Nuclear e Imagen Molecular · doi:10.1016/j.remn.2013.06.012 · Cited by 9
Biomarkers for Alzheimer’s Disease
Farooqui, A. A. (2017) · Elsevier eBooks · doi:10.1016/b978-0-12-809937-7.00007-0 · Cited by 9
Biopathological Significance of Early-Phase Amyloid Imaging in the Spectrum of Alzheimer’s Disease
Bunai, T., Kakimoto, A., Yoshikawa, E., Terada, T., & Ouchi, Y. (2019) · Journal of Alzheimer's Disease · doi:10.3233/jad-181188 · Cited by 6
Self-citationGlial Cells in Alzheimer’s Disease: Pathogenic Mechanisms and Therapeutic Frontiers
Sil, M., Mukherjee, N., Chatterjee, I., Ghosh, A., & Goswami, A. (2025) · Journal of Molecular Neuroscience · doi:10.1007/s12031-025-02379-8 · Cited by 9
Huang, J. (2022) · Frontiers in Immunology · doi:10.3389/fimmu.2022.1010946 · Cited by 7
Acute effects of lactate infusion on metabolism, AD biomarkers, and cognition: The LEAN study
Kemna, R. E., Kueck, P. J., Blankenship, A. E., John, C. S., Johnson, C. N., Green, Z. D., Mayfield, H. D., Yoksh, L., Johnson, L. A., Thyfault, J. P., et al. (2025) · Alzheimer s & Dementia · doi:10.1002/alz.70984 · Cited by 6
The engagement of microglia in tau-targeted immunotherapy in Alzheimer’s disease
Palova, D., Csokova, N. T., Markova, K., Kontseková, E., Kováčech, B., & Žilková, M. (2021) · General Physiology and Biophysics · doi:10.4149/gpb_2021029 · Cited by 6
Perspectives in TSPO PET Imaging for Neurologic Diseases
Song, Y. S. (2019) · Nuclear Medicine and Molecular Imaging · doi:10.1007/s13139-019-00620-y · Cited by 6
Machado, L. S., Vidor, P. R., Perquim, L., Limberger, C., Machado, L., da Rocha, A. S., Soares, C., Rahmouni, N., Brum, W. S., Bellaver, B., et al. (2025) · Molecular Psychiatry · doi:10.1038/s41380-025-03160-4 · Cited by 5
Leng, F., Hinz, R., Gentleman, S., Dani, M., Brooks, D. J., & Edison, P. (2024) · Journal of Alzheimer s Disease · doi:10.3233/jad-230442 · Cited by 5
Molecular Imaging of Neuroinflammation in Alzheimer’s Disease and Mild Cognitive Impairment
Kim, J., & Kim, Y. (2023) · Advances in experimental medicine and biology · doi:10.1007/978-981-19-7376-5_14 · Cited by 3
McNay, E. C. (2023) · Journal of Neurochemistry · doi:10.1111/jnc.16001 · Cited by 4
Frontal neurodegeneration associated with Frontal Assessment Battery in early Alzheimer's disease
Terada, T., Kubota, M., Miyata, J., Obi, T., Takashima, H., Matsudaira, T., Bunai, T., Ouchi, Y., & Murai, T. (2024) · Journal of the Neurological Sciences · doi:10.1016/j.jns.2024.123327 · Cited by 4
Self-citationAβ Imaging in Aging, Alzheimer’s Disease and Other Neurodegenerative Conditions
Villemagne, V. L., Fodero‐Tavoletti, M. T., Yates, P. A., Masters, C. L., & Rowe, C. C. (2014) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-3-642-54307-4_10 · Cited by 4
PET Imaging of Translocator Protein Expression in Neurological Disorders
Brooks, D. J. (2020) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-3-030-53176-8_30 · Cited by 4
Neurochemical Aspects of Alzheimer’s Type of Dementia
Farooqui, A. A. (2019) · Elsevier eBooks · doi:10.1016/b978-0-12-816347-4.00003-9 · Cited by 4
SPECT/PET Findings in Lewy Body Dementia
Ducksbury, R., Whitfield, T. J., & Walker, Z. (2014) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-3-642-54307-4_17 · Cited by 3
Dam, J. H., & Någren, K. (2013) · Journal of Labelled Compounds and Radiopharmaceuticals · doi:10.1002/jlcr.3139 · Cited by 3
Kjeldsen, P. L., Madsen, L. S., Parbo, P., Ismail, R., Aanerud, J., Kaasing, M., Damholdt, M. F., Eskildsen, S. F., Østergaard, L., & Brooks, D. J. (2026) · Frontiers in Dementia · doi:10.3389/frdem.2025.1745571 · Cited by 2
Research progress in neuroimaging of sporadic early-onset Alzheimer’s disease
Zhang, X., & Yang, C. (2026) · Frontiers in Neurology · doi:10.3389/fneur.2026.1788814 · Cited by 2
PET Imaging of Translocator Protein Expression in Neurological Disorders
Brooks, D. J. (2014) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-3-642-42014-6_22 · Cited by 2
Siqueira, L. D., Celes, A. P. M., dos Santos, H., & Ferreira, S. T. (2021) · Journal of Alzheimer s Disease · doi:10.3233/jad-210139 · Cited by 2
Neuroinflammation in Alzheimer's Disease
(2020) · Case Medical Research · doi:10.31525/ct1-nct04274998 · Cited by 2
Parietal matters in early Alzheimer's disease : evidence from structural and functional MRI
Jacobs, H. I. L. (2011) · Research Publications (Maastricht University) · doi:10.26481/dis.20110706hj · Cited by 1
Aβ Imaging in Aging, Alzheimer’s Disease, and Other Neurodegenerative Conditions
Villemagne, V. L., Doré, V., Burnham, S. C., & Rowe, C. C. (2020) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-3-030-53168-3_10 · Cited by 2
Jorge, L., Canário, N., Martins, R., Abrunhosa, A., Santana, I. J., & Castelo-Branco, M. S. (2025) · Neuroimage Reports · doi:10.1016/j.ynirp.2025.100305 · Cited by 1
Tian, M., Feng, R., Gong, C., Ben, X., Ma, Z., Yi, X., & Guo, Q. (2026) · Biomolecules · doi:10.3390/biom16060798 · Cited by 1
The Role of Adaptive and Innate Immunity in Alzheimer’s Disease
Holmes, C. (2021) · Cambridge University Press eBooks · doi:10.1017/9781108539623.012 · Cited by 1
Pais, M. L., Jorge, L., Martins, R., Canário, N., Xavier, A. C., Bernardes, R., Abrunhosa, A., Santana, I. J., & Castelo-Branco, M. S. (2023) · Brain Communications · doi:10.1093/braincomms/fcad148 · Cited by 1
Brain PET Poster Sessions PP01-M01 to PP02-N07
Lange, D., Tejada, I. M., xiong, M., Hillebrand, B., Noergaard, M., Baerentzen, S., Shalgunov, V., Herth, M. M., Svarer, C., & Palner, M. (2019) · Journal of Cerebral Blood Flow & Metabolism · doi:10.1177/0271678x19851018 · Cited by 1
de Natale, E. R., Wilson, H., Udeh‐Momoh, C. T., Ford, J. K., Politis, M., & Middleton, L. T. (2022) · Elsevier eBooks · doi:10.1016/b978-0-12-823761-8.00022-7 · Cited by 1
Blood-Brain Barrier Permeability and Inflammation in Cerebral Small Vessel Disease
Walsh, J. (2019) · Apollo (University of Cambridge) · doi:10.17863/cam.50869 · Cited by 2
Raikes, A., Garza, M., Murrell, A. N., & Brinton, R. D. (2026) · medRxiv · doi:10.64898/2026.04.07.26350339 · Cited by 1
In VivoImaging of Glial and Immune Cell Responses in Central Nervous System Injury and Disease
Paré, A., & Lacroix, S. (2015) · Wiley eBooks · doi:10.1002/9781118732748.ch2
Constable, C. (2013) · The Sydney eScholarship Repository (The University of Sydney)
Regenerating the brain: Stem cell differentiation and cholinergic dysfunction in Alzheimer disease
Malmsten, L. (2014) · Figshare
PET Imaging in Neuroinflammation
Brooks, D. J. (2014) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-3-319-08046-8_9
Linking Molecular Neurobiology to Therapeutic Approaches for Alzheimer’s Disease with PET
Luiten, P. G. M., Masman, M. F., Dobos, N., Nyakas, C. J., de Vries, E. F. J., Dierckx, R., & Eisel, U. L. M. (2014) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-3-642-54307-4_20
Microglial activation in healthy adult Japanese subjects: apositron emission tomography study
Ikuma, M., Ouchi, Y., Nakaizumi, K., Yokokura, M., Takebayashi, K., Suzuki, K., & Mori, N. (2016) · Journal of brain science · doi:10.20821/jbs.46.0_55
Self-citationHuang, Y. H., Jia, H., & Bao, W. (2020) · Elsevier eBooks · doi:10.1016/b978-0-12-816475-4.00013-6
Revista Brasileira de Psiquiatria
Benadiba, M., Luurtsema, G., Wichert‐Ana, L., Buchpiguel, C. A., & Busatto, G. F. (2012)
Central Nervous System Molecular Imaging
Sólnes, L. B., Jacobs, A. H., Coughlin, J. M., Du, Y., Goel, R., Hammoud, D. A., & Pomper, M. G. (2021) · Elsevier eBooks · doi:10.1016/b978-0-12-816386-3.00088-0
Roytman, M., Gordon, M. L., & Franceschi, A. M. (2021) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-3-030-82367-2_22
Meyer, B. J. (2018) · MDPI eBooks · doi:10.3390/books978-3-03842-972-2
Faculty Opinions recommendation of Neuroinflammation in Alzheimer's disease.
Perani, D. (2017) · Faculty Opinions – Post-Publication Peer Review of the Biomedical Literature · doi:10.3410/f.725413893.793537457
Therapeutic and immunomodulatory functions of the translocator protein in Alzheimer's disease
Fairley, L. H. (2022) · DR-NTU (Nanyang Technological University) · doi:10.32657/10356/160865
(2023) · Advances in magnetic resonance technology and applications · doi:10.1016/b978-0-323-91771-1.00026-5
Fibrotic Disease: from Signaling Pathways and Biomarkers to Molecular Imaging
Ghazaiean, M., Riss, P. J., Mardanshahi, A., & Molavipordanjani, S. (2025) · Molecular Imaging and Biology · doi:10.1007/s11307-025-02038-9
Vautheny, A. (2019) · theses.fr (ABES) · doi:10.70675/1812d71aze8d9z48d6z87d1z5a23a4e81953
Metadata
- Authors
- Yokokura, M., Mori, N., Yagi, S., Yoshikawa, E., Kikuchi, M., Yoshihara, Y., Wakuda, T., Sugihara, G., Takebayashi, K., Suda, S., Iwata, Y., Ueki, T., Tsuchiya, K. J., Suzuki, K., Nakamura, K., & Ouchi, Y.
- Affiliations
- Hamamatsu University School of Medicine (JP)
- Hamamatsu University (JP)
- Hamamatsu Photonics (Japan) (JP)
- Kanazawa University (JP)
- Corresponding author
- Ouchi, Yasuomi
- ORCID
- Venue
- European Journal of Nuclear Medicine and Molecular Imaging
- Published
- 2010-09-16
- Volume
- 38
- Issue
- 2
- Pages
- 343-351
- ISSN
- 1619-7070 (ISSN-L)
- 1619-7089
- OpenAlex
- W1991282216
- Cited by
- 174
- References
- 42
- Citations by year
- 2026: 4 · 2025: 7 · 2024: 6 · 2023: 9 · 2022: 13 · 2021: 12 · 2020: 13 · 2019: 18 · 2018: 11 · 2017: 17 · 2016: 14 · 2015: 14 · 2014: 10 · 2013: 9 · 2012: 10
- FWCI
- 5.63
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- green
- hdl.handle.net
- Licence
- cc-by-nc-nd
- www.springer.com/tdm (tdm)
- Locations
- European Journal of Nuclear Medicine and Molecular Imaging (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- HamaMed-Repository (Hamamatsu University School of Medicine) (submittedVersion, cc-by-nc-nd)
- Funders
- Japan Society for the Promotion of Science (22591260, 23390287, 22591258, 23659562)
- Topics
- Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Cellular and Molecular Neuroscience › Alzheimer's disease research and treatments
- Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Neurology › Neuroinflammation and Neurodegeneration Mechanisms
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Psychiatry and Mental health › Dementia and Cognitive Impairment Research
- Keywords
- Alzheimer's disease, microglial activation, amyloid-beta, hypometabolism, neuroinflammation, PK11195, Pib, FDG-PET, posterior cingulate cortex, early Alzheimer's disease
- MeSH terms
- Aged, Aged, 80 and over, Alzheimer Disease, Brain, Female, Glucose, Humans, Male, Middle Aged, Neurons, Radioactive Tracers, Case-Control Studies, Amyloid beta-Peptides, Microglia, Positron-Emission Tomography
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.
What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›
Are you an author, or do you see a problem with this page? Request a review