The role of systemic hypermobility and condylar hypermobility in temporomandibular joint dysfunction syndrome
Open accessAbstract
Objective To evaluate the risk of temporomandibular joint dysfunction (TMD), when both systemic joint hypermobility (SJH) and localized condylar hypermobility (LCH) exist.Materials and methods Sixty-four consecutive outpatients with temporomandibular joint clicking or pain, and 77 sex- and age-matched control subjects, were recruited in the study. LCH was diagnosed when condylar subluxation was present, and SJL was diagnosed by using Beighton's method. The frequency of symptoms, mean mouth opening, and the frequency of subjects with SJL and LCH were the main outcome measures.Results Out of the 64 patients, 16 patients were suffering from pain, 20 patients from joint-clicking and 28 patients from both. Both SJH and LCH were more frequently observed in those patients with TMD than in control subjects. The risk of TMD was higher if LCH and SJH existed jointly.Conclusion Both systemic and localized hypermobility may have a role in the etiology of TMD.
Integrity signals
Registry
Cites
Statistics
Claims the paper makes
Claims other papers make about this one
Each is checked against this paper’s own text: does it say what the citing paper says it does?
Other studies suggest joint hypermobility probably precedes and predisposes to both temporomandibular disorders and POTS.
“Other studies, however, suggest that joint hypermobility likely precedes and predisposes to both TMD (De Coster et al., 2005; Kavuncu et al., 2005; Deodato et al., 2006; Pasinato et al., 2011) and POTS (Rowe et al., 1999).”
From Postural tachycardia syndrome and other forms of orthostatic intolerance in Ehlers-Danlos syndrome (2018) · cites this paper as Kavuncu et al., 2005
The odds ratios for hypermobility syndromes in temporomandibular disorders were 11.2 for systemic joint hypermobility, 7.5 for localized condylar hypermobility and 15.3 for both, and the risk was significantly higher when both were present (P < 0.001).
“The odds ratio for hypermobility syndromes in TMD were 11.2 for SJH, 7.5 for LCH and 15.3 for both.”
From Postural tachycardia syndrome and other forms of orthostatic intolerance in Ehlers-Danlos syndrome (2018) · cites this paper as Kavuncu et al., 2005
87% of patients with systemic joint hypermobility and localized condylar hypermobility also had temporomandibular disorders, versus 30% of controls.
“Kavuncu and colleagues found that 87% of patients with systemic joint hypermobility (SJH) and localized condylar hypermobility (LCH) also su ff er from TMD, compared to only 30% of controls (Kavuncu et al., 2005).”
From Postural tachycardia syndrome and other forms of orthostatic intolerance in Ehlers-Danlos syndrome (2018) · cites this paper as Kavuncu et al., 2005
Cites
(1992) · PubMed · Cited by 3,804 · see citing works
The Prevalence and Treatment Needs of Subjects with Temporomandibular Disorders
SCHIFFMAN, E. L., Fricton, J., Haley, D., & Shapiro, B. L. (1990) · The Journal of the American Dental Association · doi:10.14219/jada.archive.1990.0059 · Cited by 297 · cited 1× · see citing works
“A previous study showed that most patients with clinically-detectable dysfunction without significant symptoms of TMJ do not seek treatment [7].”
BackgroundWestesson, P. L., & Brooks, S. (1992) · American Journal of Roentgenology · doi:10.2214/ajr.159.3.1503025 · Cited by 288 · cited 1× · see citing works
“TMJ pain mostly originated from the compression of the highly-vascularized and innervated posterior disk attachment, stretching the joint capsule, and joint distension due to TMJ effusions occurring in joints with disk displacement [6].”
BackgroundAn index for the measurement of normal maximum mouth opening.
Zawawi, K. H., Albadawi, E. A., Lobo, S. L., Melis, M., & Mehta, N. R. (2003) · PubMed · Cited by 108 · see citing works
Buckingham, R. B., Braun, T. W., Harinstein, D. A., Oral, K., Bauman, D. H., Bartynski, W. S., Killian, P. J., & Bidula, L. P. (1991) · Oral Surgery Oral Medicine Oral Pathology · doi:10.1016/0030-4220(91)90485-u · Cited by 74 · cited 1× · see citing works
“The correlation between TMD and systemic joint hypermobility (SJH) has been reported in some studies [1–4].”
ResultGeneralized joint laxity and temporomandibular disorders.
Perrini, F., Tallents, R. H., Katzberg, R. W., Ribeiro, R. F., Kyrkanides, S., & Moss, M. E. (1997) · PubMed · Cited by 50 · see citing works
General joint hypermobility and temporomandibular joint derangement in adolescents.
Westling, L., & Mattiasson, A. (1992) · Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases · doi:10.1136/ard.51.1.87 · Cited by 50 · see citing works
Temporomandibular joint dysfunction and systemic joint laxity.
Westling, L. (1992) · PubMed · Cited by 48 · see citing works
Harinstein, D. A., Buckingham, R. B., Braun, T. W., Oral, K., Bauman, D. H., Killian, P. J., & Bidula, L. P. (1988) · Arthritis & Rheumatism · doi:10.1002/art.1780311007 · Cited by 48 · cited 1× · see citing works
“The correlation between TMD and systemic joint hypermobility (SJH) has been reported in some studies [1–4].”
ResultWinocur, E., Gavish, A., Halachmi, M., Bloom, A., & Gazit, E. (2000) · Journal of Oral Rehabilitation · doi:10.1046/j.1365-2842.2000.00546.x · Cited by 40 · cited 1× · see citing works
“When joint-clicking is present, mouth opening has been reported as larger [14].”
BackgroundCraniomandibular disorders and general joint mobility
Westling, L. (1989) · Acta Odontologica Scandinavica · doi:10.3109/00016358909007715 · Cited by 36 · cited 1× · see citing works
“The correlation between TMD and systemic joint hypermobility (SJH) has been reported in some studies [1–4].”
ResultSm, A., & Hecht, C. J. (1994) · PubMed · Cited by 33 · see citing works
MRI Findings Concerning the Lateral Pterygoid Muscle in Patients with Symptomatic TMJ Hypermobility
Yang, X., Pernu, H., Pyhtinen, J., Tiilikainen, P. A., Oikarinen, K. S., & Raustia, A. M. (2001) · CRANIO® · doi:10.1080/08869634.2001.11746177 · Cited by 20 · cited 1× · see citing works
“Those patients with symptomatic LCH demonstrated some pathological changes such as hypertrophy, atrophy, and contracture in their lateral pterygoid muscle [13].”
BackgroundGeneralized joint hypermobility as a factor in clicking of the temporomandibular joint
Khan, F. A., & Pediar, J. (1996) · International Journal of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery · doi:10.1016/s0901-5027(96)80050-6 · Cited by 18 · cited 1× · see citing works
“The current study suggests a positive correlation between SJL and TMD, which is consistent with some previous studies [8–10].”
Result
Flagged first, then by citations
Cited by
Sorted by citations
Review of temporomandibular joint pathology. Part I: classification, epidemiology and risk factors.
Roda, R. P., Sebastián, J. V. B., Fernández, J. M. D., Bazán, S. H., & Soriano, Y. J. (2007) · PubMed · Cited by 278 · see citing works
Factors involved in the etiology of temporomandibular disorders - a literature review
Chisnoiu, A. M., Picos, A. M., Popa, S., Chisnoiu, P. D., Lascu, L., Picos, A., & Chisnoiu, R. (2015) · Medicine and Pharmacy Reports · doi:10.15386/cjmed-485 · Cited by 371 · see citing works
“They found that both local and general hypermobility were more frequently detected in patients with TMD than in the controls, and that the risk of TMJ dysfunction was greater if the patient presented both alterations simultaneously [51].”
BackgroundNaeije, M., Veldhuis, A. H. T., Veldhuis, E. C. T., Visscher, C. M., & Lobbezoo, F. (2012) · Journal of Oral Rehabilitation · doi:10.1111/joor.12016 · Cited by 140 · see citing works
Postural tachycardia syndrome and other forms of orthostatic intolerance in Ehlers-Danlos syndrome
Roma, M., Marden, C. L., De Wandele, I., Francomano, C. A., & Rowe, P. C. (2018) · Autonomic Neuroscience · doi:10.1016/j.autneu.2018.02.006 · Cited by 133 · see citing works
Joint hypermobility and skin elasticity: the hereditary disorders of connective tissue
Hakim, A. J., & Sahota, A. (2006) · Clinics in Dermatology · doi:10.1016/j.clindermatol.2006.07.013 · Cited by 114 · see citing works
Ferrillo, M., Nucci, L., Giudice, A., Calafiore, D., Marotta, N., Minervini, G., d’Apuzzo, F., Ammendolia, A., Perillo, L., & Alessandro de, S. I. R. E. (2022) · CRANIO® · doi:10.1080/08869634.2022.2126079 · Cited by 81 · see citing works
“It is well known that TMD has a multifactorial etiology, where parafunctions (e.g., bruxism), anatomical factors, trauma, or general hypermobility of the joints may be considered as the main potential risk factors [5– 7].”
Barrera-Mora, J. M., Espinar-Escalona, E., Labruzzi, C. M. Á., Carrera, J. M. L., Ballesteros, E. J.-C., Reina, E. S., & Rocabado, M. (2012) · CRANIO® · doi:10.1179/crn.2012.018 · Cited by 75 · see citing works
Hirsch, C., John, M. T., & Stang, A. (2008) · European Journal Of Oral Sciences · doi:10.1111/j.1600-0722.2008.00581.x · Cited by 73 · see citing works
Oral and mandibular manifestations in the Ehlers–Danlos syndromes
Mitakides, J., & Tinkle, B. T. (2017) · American Journal of Medical Genetics Part C: Seminars in Medical Genetics · doi:10.1002/ajmg.c.31541 · Cited by 66 · see citing works
“TMJ hypermobility and TMD have been linked to systemic joint hypermobility in several studies [Harinstein et al., 1988; Buckingham et al., 1991;Westling and Mattiasson, 1991; Westling, 1992; De Coster et al., 2005; Kavuncu et al., 2006; Hirsch et al., 2008] with fewer linking to hEDS [Diep et al.”
BackgroundThe Basic Conservative Treatment of TMJ Anterior Disc Displacement Without Reduction - Review
Miernik, M., & Więckiewicz, W. (2015) · Advances in Clinical and Experimental Medicine · doi:10.17219/acem/35165 · Cited by 65 · see citing works
de Senna, B. R., Marques, L. S., França, J. P., Ramos‐Jorge, M. L., & Pereira, L. J. (2009) · Oral Surgery Oral Medicine Oral Pathology Oral Radiology and Endodontology · doi:10.1016/j.tripleo.2009.04.034 · Cited by 58 · see citing works
Osteoarthritis of the temporomandibular joint: a review of aetiology and pathogenesis
Delpachitra, S. N., & Dimitroulis, G. (2021) · British Journal of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery · doi:10.1016/j.bjoms.2021.06.017 · Cited by 50 · see citing works
Temporomandibular disorder and generalized joint hypermobility: application of diagnostic criteria
Pasinato, F., Souza, J. A., Corrêa, E. C. R., & Silva, A. M. T. D. (2011) · Brazilian Journal of Otorhinolaryngology · doi:10.1590/s1808-86942011000400003 · Cited by 50 · see citing works
“71%), in agreement with Kavuncu et al.(14), who found 79.”
BackgroundResultInfluentialPoveda‐Roda, R., Sebastián, J. V. B., Jimenez-Soriano, Y., & Fons‐Font, A. (2009) · Medicina oral, patología oral y cirugía bucal · doi:10.4317/medoral.14.e628 · Cited by 40 · see citing works
“found ligament laxity to be more common in patients with TMJD than in the controls (18).”
BackgroundChang, T.-H., Yuh, D., Wu, Y., Cheng, W.-C., Lin, F.-G., Shieh, Y., Fu, E., & Huang, R. (2015) · Clinical Oral Investigations · doi:10.1007/s00784-015-1422-7 · Cited by 37 · see citing works
“7 % was seen among individuals with signs and symptoms of TMD [12, 14, 16, 34].”
BackgroundResultThe Temporomandibular Joint and the Human Body: A New Perspective on Cross Talk
Abbass, M. M. S., Rady, D., Moshy, S. E., Radwan, I. A., Wadan, A. S., Dörfer, C. E., & El‐Sayed, K. M. F. (2024) · Dentistry Journal · doi:10.3390/dj12110357 · Cited by 30 · see citing works
“Kavuncu et al. [95] reported a more frequent incidence of TMDs in patients with local and general hypermobility than controls.”
Ferrillo, M., Lippi, L., Giudice, A., Calafiore, D., Paolucci, T., Renò, F., Migliario, M., Fortunato, L., Invernizzi, M., & Alessandro de, S. I. R. E. (2022) · Journal of Clinical Medicine · doi:10.3390/jcm11216231 · Cited by 30 · see citing works
Joint Hypermobility and Headache: The Glue That Binds the Two Together – Part 2
Martin, V. T., & Neilson, D. (2014) · Headache The Journal of Head and Face Pain · doi:10.1111/head.12417 · Cited by 30 · see citing works
Use of Masseteric and Deep Temporal Nerve Blocks for Reduction of Mandibular Dislocation
Young, A., Khan, J., Thomas, D. C., & Quek, S. Y. P. (2009) · Anesthesia Progress · doi:10.2344/0003-3006-56.1.9 · Cited by 29 · see citing works
Ögren, M., Fältmars, C., Lund, B. K., & Holmlund, A. B. (2012) · International Journal of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery · doi:10.1016/j.ijom.2012.02.024 · Cited by 28 · see citing works
Sáez-Yuguero, M. D. R., Linares-Tovar, E., Calvo-Guirado, J. L., Bermejo-Fenoll, A., & Rodríguez-Lozano, F. J. (2009) · Oral Surgery, Oral Medicine, Oral Pathology, Oral Radiology, and Endodontology · doi:10.1016/j.tripleo.2009.02.021 · Cited by 26 · see citing works
Survey on joint hypermobility in university students aged 18–25 years old
Antonio, D. H., & Magalhaes, C. S. (2018) · Advances in Rheumatology · doi:10.1186/s42358-018-0008-x · Cited by 24 · see citing works
The 50 most-cited articles on temporomandibular disorders: A bibliometric analysis
Ferrillo, M., Gallo, V., Lippi, L., Bruni, A., Montrella, R., Curci, C., Calafiore, D., Invernizzi, M., Migliario, M., & Alessandro de, S. I. R. E. (2022) · Journal of Back and Musculoskeletal Rehabilitation · doi:10.3233/bmr-220152 · Cited by 19 · see citing works
“…with several risk factors recently identified, including parafunctional habits (e.g., bruxism grinding and clenching), clenching of teeth, grinding, anatomical factors, trauma or hypermobility of the joints, cervical posture, and psychosocial issues, (e.g., anxiety and depressive syndrome) [6–13].”
Temporomandibular Joint Hypermobility Manifestation Based on Clinical Observations.
Nosouhian, S., Haghighat, A., Mohammadi, I., Shadmehr, E., Davoudi, A., & Badrian, H. (2015) · PubMed Central · Cited by 18 · see citing works
Kulesa-Mrowiecka, M., Piech, J., & Gaździk, T. S. (2021) · Journal of Clinical Medicine · doi:10.3390/jcm10173808 · Cited by 17 · see citing works
“The presence of HJS has been shown to be a risk factor for the development of TMD [14,18,31,32].”
BackgroundResultGiacomo, P. D., Celli, M., Ierardo, G., Polimeni, A., & Paolo, C. D. (2018) · Journal of International Society of Preventive and Community Dentistry · doi:10.4103/jispcd.jispcd_103_18 · Cited by 16 · see citing works
Haghigaht, A., Davoudi, A., Рыбалов, О. В., & Hatami, A. (2014) · Journal of Clinical and Experimental Dentistry · doi:10.4317/jced.51562 · Cited by 16 · see citing works
“So due to the fact that TMJ hypermobility are reported as risk factors for tempromandibular disorders (5,6,8), the aim of present study was to compare the position and distances of head of condyle to glenoid fossa in TMJs of healthy individuals and patients with mild, moderate and severe TMJ hypermobility.”
BackgroundFunctional somatic syndromes and joint hypermobility: A systematic review and meta-analysis
Chen, G. H., Olver, J. S., & Kanaan, R. (2021) · Journal of Psychosomatic Research · doi:10.1016/j.jpsychores.2021.110556 · Cited by 15 · see citing works
Robin, O., & Chiomento, A. (2010) · international journal of stomatology & occlusion medicine · doi:10.1007/s12548-011-0066-8 · Cited by 15 · see citing works
“... activities [41, 43, 46] such as tooth clenching [5, 19, 31, 61], bruxism [67], gum chewing, nail biting, and biting foreign objects [6, 17], c) occlusal factors [56] such as missing posterior teeth [74], unilateral posterior crossbite [11], open bite [3], overjet, and overbite, d) psychologic factors such as stres…”
BackgroundCoelho-Silva, F., de Oliveira, T. M., de Almeida, A. L. P. F., Bastos, R. D. S., Neppelenbroek, K. H., & Soares, S. (2018) · Journal of Craniofacial Surgery · doi:10.1097/scs.0000000000004723 · Cited by 13 · see citing works
Almeida, A., Botelho, J., Machado, V., Mendes, J. J., Manso, A. C., & González‐López, S. (2023) · Journal of Clinical Medicine · doi:10.3390/jcm12093228 · Cited by 12 · see citing works
Ilgunas, A., Wänman, A., & Strömbäck, M. (2020) · European Journal Of Oral Sciences · doi:10.1111/eos.12675 · Cited by 11 · see citing works
Ancillao, A., Camerota, F., Castori, M., Albertini, G., Galli, M., & Celletti, C. (2012) · Journal of Cranio-Maxillary Diseases · doi:10.4103/2278-9588.105697 · Cited by 8 · see citing works
Stefano, A. A. D., Boboc, A. M., Horodynski, M., Impellizzeri, A., Serritella, E., & Galluccio, G. (2023) · Applied Sciences · doi:10.3390/app132212495 · Cited by 7 · see citing works
Structural and Functional Disorders of the Temporomandibular Joint (Internal Disorders)
Ivković, N., & Račić, M. (2019) · IntechOpen eBooks · doi:10.5772/intechopen.81937 · Cited by 7 · see citing works
“When the hypermobility of TMJs is part of the general (systemic) hypermobility of all the joint structures, it can be considered benign and no intervention should be undertaken [28, 29].”
BackgroundInfluentialVinayak, V., Ram, K. A., & Chandran, J. (2024) · Odovtos - International Journal of Dental Sciences · doi:10.15517/ijds.2024.60113 · Cited by 6 · see citing works
“They reported that patients with TMD experienced both general and local hypermobility more often than did patients in control groups and that the possibility of TMJ dysfunction increased with concurrent defects (28).”
ETIOLOGY AND PATHOGENESIS OF TEMPOROMANDIBULAR JOINT DISEASES
Borisova, E. G., Duda, A. P., Poplavskii, E. S., & Serikov, A. A. (2022) · Медико-фармацевтический журнал «Пульс» · doi:10.26787/nydha-2686-6838-2022-24-1-25-33 · Cited by 5 · see citing works
Lateral abdominal muscles of adults with hypermobility may be partially impaired during contraction
Mitchell, U. H., Johnson, A. W., Adams, L., Kho, J., Pace, N., & Owen, P. J. (2022) · BMJ Open Sport & Exercise Medicine · doi:10.1136/bmjsem-2022-001343 · Cited by 3 · see citing works
Szalewska, M., Lupa, M., Pochroń, N., Pudzianowski, S., Szalewski, L., Bożyk, A., & Borowicz, J. (2014) · Polish Journal of Public Health · doi:10.2478/pjph-2014-0016 · Cited by 3 · see citing works
“[4,5].”
Braga, S. P., Cunha, C. O., Michelotti, A., Bonjardim, L. R., & Conti, P. C. R. (2025) · Journal of Applied Oral Science · doi:10.1590/1678-7757-2024-0302 · Cited by 3 · see citing works
Disfunção temporomandibular em gestantes
Hilgenberg, P. B., Cunali, R. S., Bonotto, D., de Farias, A. C., & Cunali, P. A. (2012) · Revista Dor · doi:10.1590/s1806-00132012000400012 · Cited by 2 · see citing works
Pasinato, F., Souza, J. A., Corrêa, E. C. R., & da Silva, A. M. T. (2011) · LA Referencia (Red Federada de Repositorios Institucionales de Publicaciones Científicas) · doi:10.20396/bjos.v10i2.8641661 · Cited by 2 · see citing works
Kaliappan, A., Vidhya Meena, S., Manivasagam, S., Kaliappan, V., & Jyothi, L. (2021) · Cureus · doi:10.7759/cureus.20120 · Cited by 2 · see citing works
“Discussion The masseteric nerve block is a novel technique used in the management of the pain and spasm of the masseter muscle caused by the dislocated mandibular condyle [5-11].”
MethodGębska, M., Dalewski, B., Pałka, Ł., Kiczmer, P., & Kołodziej, Ł. (2024) · Dental and Medical Problems · doi:10.17219/dmp/183153 · Cited by 2 · see citing works
Comparison of condylar translation in hyperdivergent and hypodivergent patients: a pilot study
Poluha, R. L., Furquim, B. D., Takeshita, W. M., & Silva, R. S. (2014) · Journal of Research in Dentistry · doi:10.19177/jrd.v2e1201458-68 · Cited by 1 · see citing works
Silva, C. P. M., & Carrillo, D. (2017) · OdontoInvestigación · doi:10.18272/oi.v3i1.852 · Cited by 1 · see citing works
Costa, A. L. F., Fardim, K. A. C., de Almeida, B. M., Gomes, J. P. P., Braz‐Silva, P. H., Dieguez, F. L., Cardoso, C. D. A. B., Araki, Â. T., & Lopes, S. L. P. D. C. (2021) · CRANIO® · doi:10.1080/08869634.2021.1894860 · Cited by 1 · see citing works
“Hypermobility was shown to be a predisposing factor for TMD [25].”
BackgroundInquérito sobre a mobilidade articular entre universitários de 18 a 25 anos
Antonio, D. H. (2015) · Americanae (AECID Library)
HIPERMOBILIDADE ARTICULAR GENERALIZADA EM INDIVÍDUOS COM DISFUNÇÃO TEMPOROMANDIBULAR
Pasinato, F. (2010) · Americanae (AECID Library)
Sanguinetti, M., Minvielle, M., & Riva, R. (2021) · Odontoestomatología · doi:10.22592/ode2021n37a3
Tanteri, C., Robba, T., Cimino, R., & Tanteri, G. (2019) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-3-030-25421-6_7
Muscle Contraction is Impaired in Hypermobile People: A Study of The Lateral Abdominal MusclesPreprint
Mitchell, U. H., Johnson, A. W., Adams, L., Kho, J., Belavý, D. L., & Owen, P. J. (2021) · Research Square · doi:10.21203/rs.3.rs-200491/v1
“(1) JHS is commonly associated with musculoskeletal conditions, such as glenohumeral joint instability and temporomandibular joint dysfunction.(3, 4) Additionally, JHS is often linked with decreased muscle strength in shoulder (e.”
BackgroundSecerli, T. (2023) · Akademisyen Kitabevi eBooks · doi:10.37609/akya.2472
Dar, M. M., & Bhagavandas, A. (2021) · Journal of Population Therapeutics and Clinical Pharmacology · doi:10.53555/jptcp.v28i2.4820
Suchy, W., & Szymonowicz, M. (2025) · Annals Journal of Dental and Medical Assisting · doi:10.51847/hxrwuookpm
Kabul, E. G., BALKIŞLI, B. Ç., Çalık, B. B., Karasu, U., & �obankara, V. (2026) · Revista Española de Cirugía Oral y Maxilofacial · doi:10.20986/recom.2026.1701/2025
“This result may be due to weakened disc ligaments, one of the most common underlying causes of this occurrence 26,27 .”
Headache in patients with joint hypermobility
Oliveira, W. S., Hoffmann, J., Jácomo, A. A. E., Martins, R. O., Barbosa, R. H. A., & Peres, M. F. P. (2026) · Cephalalgia · doi:10.1177/03331024261477381
- Authors
- Kavuncu, V., Sahin, S., Kamanli, A., Karan, A., & Aksoy, C.
- Affiliations
- Afyon Kocatepe University (TR)
- Istanbul University (TR)
- Corresponding author
- Kavuncu, Vural
- Venue
- Rheumatology International
- Published
- 2005-06-30
- Volume
- 26
- Issue
- 3
- Pages
- 257-260
- ISSN
- 0172-8172 (ISSN-L)
- 1437-160X
- OpenAlex
- W2056289297
- Cited by
- 60
- References
- 14
- Citations by year
- 2026: 2 · 2025: 2 · 2024: 3 · 2023: 3 · 2022: 5 · 2021: 8 · 2020: 2 · 2019: 2 · 2018: 4 · 2017: 2 · 2015: 6 · 2014: 4 · 2013: 1 · 2012: 5
- FWCI
- 2.12
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- green
- hdl.handle.net
- Licence
- cc-by-nc-nd
- www.springer.com/tdm (tdm)
- Locations
- Rheumatology International (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- DSpace - FIRAT (Fırat University) (submittedVersion, cc-by-nc-nd)
- Topics
- Health Sciences › Health Professions › Complementary and Manual Therapy › Temporomandibular Joint Disorders
- Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Genetics › Connective tissue disorders research
- Health Sciences › Health Professions › Pharmacy › Oral and gingival health research
- Keywords
- temporomandibular disorders, Beighton score, joint clicking, temporomandibular joint pain, mouth opening, TMD etiology
- MeSH terms
- Adult, Female, Humans, Joint Instability, Male, Masticatory Muscles, Temporomandibular Joint Disorders, Case-Control Studies
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.
What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›
Are you an author, or do you see a problem with this page? Request a review
