C-reactive protein and the acute phase reaction in geriatric patients
Abstract
The C-reactive protein (CRP), first described as a serum component capable of precipitating the C-polysaccharide of pneumococci, is one of the most important proteins because the serum concentration rises in the acute phase reaction. The acute phase reaction is the nonspecific reaction of the body to noxious stimuli of the most varied kinds, such as infections, burns, neoplasms and tissue trauma. The CRP is synthesized in liver parenchymal cells by cytokines which are derived from stimulated leucocytes and released into the circulation. Because of its molecular structure and in synergy with the complement system, it is able to precipitate and/or lyse microorganisms, thereby rendering them harmless. Measurement of the serum CRP concentration can provide important information with respect to the diagnosis and monitoring of treatment. Due to immunosenescence in geriatric patients the synthesis of CRP appears to be limited to inflammatory stimuli; however, this phenomenon does not appear to be of major clinical relevance. Despite the introduction of new parameters of the acute phase reaction, sometimes with better performance, such as interleukin-6, procalcitonin and the soluble endotoxin receptor sCD14, measurement of CRP for diagnosis and treatment monitoring is still justified even in geriatric patients as testing is rapid, economic and nearly ubiquitously available round the clock. Biochemical markers of the acute phase reaction should always be interpreted together with the clinical picture and their specific limitations.
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C-reactive protein and IL-6 have been linked to immunosenescence in prior studies, but their relationship with systemic chronic inflammation had not been established.
“Canonical acute inflammation proteins such as C-reactive protein and interleukin (IL)-6 have been associated with immunosenescence in previous studies37,38, but the relationship with systemic chronic inflammation (SCI) has not yet been established.”
From An inflammatory aging clock (iAge) based on deep learning tracks multimorbidity, immunosenescence, frailty and cardiovascular aging (2021) · cites this paper as [37]
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- Authors
- Bertsch, T., Triebel, J., Bollheimer, C., Christ, M., Sieber, C., Fassbender, K., & Heppner, H. J.
- Affiliations
- Nuremberg Hospital (DE)
- Paracelsus Medical University (AT)
- Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg (DE)
- Universitätsklinikum des Saarlandes (DE)
- Witten/Herdecke University (DE)
- Corresponding author
- Bertsch, Thomas
- Venue
- Zeitschrift für Gerontologie und Geriatrie
- Published
- 2015-09-03
- Volume
- 48
- Issue
- 7
- Pages
- 595-600
- ISSN
- 0948-6704 (ISSN-L)
- 1435-1269
- OpenAlex
- W2134174943
- Cited by
- 24
- References
- 55
- Citations by year
- 2026: 1 · 2025: 1 · 2024: 2 · 2023: 2 · 2022: 1 · 2021: 1 · 2020: 5 · 2019: 3 · 2018: 3 · 2017: 2 · 2016: 3
- FWCI
- 1.31
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Licence
- www.springer.com/tdm (tdm)
- Locations
- Zeitschrift für Gerontologie und Geriatrie (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Topics
- Life Sciences › Immunology and Microbiology › Immunology › Biomarkers in Disease Mechanisms
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Epidemiology › Sepsis Diagnosis and Treatment
- Life Sciences › Immunology and Microbiology › Immunology › Inflammation biomarkers and pathways
- Keywords
- C-reactive protein, acute phase response, elderly patients, immunosenescence, interleukin-6, procalcitonin, soluble CD14, inflammatory markers, infection diagnosis, treatment monitoring
- MeSH terms
- Acute-Phase Reaction, Aged, Aged, 80 and over, C-Reactive Protein, Female, Humans, Male, Biomarkers, Geriatric Assessment, Cytokines, Risk Assessment
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