Neural plasticity in the gastrointestinal tract: chronic inflammation, neurotrophic signals, and hypersensitivity
Abstract
Neural plasticity is not only the adaptive response of the central nervous system to learning, structural damage or sensory deprivation, but also an increasingly recognized common feature of the gastrointestinal (GI) nervous system during pathological states. Indeed, nearly all chronic GI disorders exhibit a disease-stage-dependent, structural and functional neuroplasticity. At structural level, GI neuroplasticity usually comprises local tissue hyperinnervation (neural sprouting, neural, and ganglionic hypertrophy) next to hypoinnervated areas, a switch in the neurochemical (neurotransmitter/neuropeptide) code toward preferential expression of neuropeptides which are frequently present in nociceptive neurons (e.g., substance P/SP, calcitonin-gene-related-peptide/CGRP) and of ion channels (TRPV1, TRPA1, PAR2), and concomitant activation of peripheral neural glia. The functional counterpart of these structural alterations is altered neuronal electric activity, leading to organ dysfunction (e.g., impaired motility and secretion), together with reduced sensory thresholds, resulting in hypersensitivity and pain. The present review underlines that neural plasticity in all GI organs, starting from esophagus, stomach, small and large intestine to liver, gallbladder, and pancreas, actually exhibits common phenotypes and mechanisms. Careful appraisal of these GI neuroplastic alterations reveals that--no matter which etiology, i.e., inflammatory, infectious, neoplastic/malignant, or deg…
Integrity signals
Registry
Cites
Statistics
Claims the paper makes
Claims other papers make about this one
Each is checked against this paper’s own text: does it say what the citing paper says it does?
The ENS maintains its capacity to adapt and reorganize its synapses throughout the host's lifetime, similar to synaptic plasticity in the CNS.
“Much like the CNS, the ENS maintains its capacity to adapt and reorganize its synapses throughout the host's lifetime, similar to synaptic plasticity in the CNS (Demir et al., 2013;Lomax et al., 2005).”
From The Microbiota-Gut-Brain Axis (2019) · cites this paper as Demir et al., 2013
Neuronal plastic changes also occur in the enteric nervous system.
“recently it has become ever more apparent that neuronal plastic changes also occur in the ENS (Demir et al., 2013;Lomax et al., 2005).”
From The Microbiota-Gut-Brain Axis (2019) · cites this paper as Demir et al., 2013
Cites
Barbara, G., Stanghellini, V., De Giorgio, R., Cremon, C., Cottrell, G. S., Santini, D., Pasquinelli, G., Morselli-Labate, A. M., Grady, E. F., Bunnett, N. W., et al. (2004) · Gastroenterology · doi:10.1053/j.gastro.2003.11.055 · Cited by 1,475 · see citing works
Enteric neuroplasticity evoked by inflammation
Vasina, V., Barbara, G., Talamonti, L., Stanghellini, V., Corinaldesi, R., Tonini, M., De Ponti, F., & De Giorgio, R. (2006) · Autonomic Neuroscience · doi:10.1016/j.autneu.2006.02.025 · Cited by 221 · see citing works
PARK, J. H., RHEE, P., KIM, H. S., LEE, J. H., KIM, Y., KIM, J. J., & RHEE, J. C. (2006) · Journal of Gastroenterology and Hepatology · doi:10.1111/j.1440-1746.2005.04143.x · Cited by 196 · see citing works
Flagged first, then by citations
Cited by
Sorted by citations
Cryan, J. F., O'Riordan, K. J., Cowan, C. S. M., Sandhu, K. V., Bastiaanssen, T. F. S., Boehme, M., Codagnone, M. G., Cussotto, S., Fulling, C., Golubeva, A. V., et al. (2019) · Physiological Reviews · doi:10.1152/physrev.00018.2018 · Cited by 5,286 · see citing works
Mammalian Transient Receptor Potential TRPA1 Channels: From Structure to Disease
Talavera, K., Startek, J. B., Alvarez‐Collazo, J., Boonen, B., Alpizar, Y. A., Sánchez, A., Naert, R., & Nilius, B. (2019) · Physiological Reviews · doi:10.1152/physrev.00005.2019 · Cited by 407 · see citing works
Neural plasticity in pancreatitis and pancreatic cancer
Demir, İ. E., Frieß, H., & Ceyhan, G. O. (2015) · Nature Reviews Gastroenterology & Hepatology · doi:10.1038/nrgastro.2015.166 · Cited by 256 · see citing works
Self-citationDothel, G., Barbaro, M. R., Boudin, H., Vasina, V. I., Cremon, C., Gargano, L., Bellacosa, L., GIORGIO, R. D., Berre‐Scoul, C. L., Aubert, P., et al. (2015) · Gastroenterology · doi:10.1053/j.gastro.2015.01.042 · Cited by 162 · see citing works
“Indeed, neuroplastic changes are frequently associated with tissue dysfunction and the development and persistence of pain.(25) Accordingly, previous data showed that mucosal biopsies of patients with IBS had a higher immunoreactivity for TRPV-1.”
BackgroundThe Impact of Neural Invasion Severity in Gastrointestinal Malignancies: A Clinicopathological Study
Liebl, F., Demir, I. E., Mayer, K., Schuster, T., D'Haese, J. G., Becker, K., Langer, R., Bergmann, F., Wang, K., Rosenberg, R., et al. (2014) · Annals of Surgery · doi:10.1097/sla.0000000000000968 · Cited by 131 · see citing works
Self-citationCellular and molecular mechanisms of perineural invasion of pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma
Li, J., Kang, R., & Tang, D. (2021) · Cancer Communications · doi:10.1002/cac2.12188 · Cited by 123 · see citing works
Association of inflammatory mediators with pain perception.
Ronchetti, S., Migliorati, G., & Delfino, D. (2017) · Biomedicine & pharmacotherapy = Biomedecine & pharmacotherapie · doi:10.1016/j.biopha.2017.12.001 · Cited by 109 · see citing works
Pastuła, A., Middelhoff, M. A., Brandtner, A. K., Tobiasch, M., Höhl, B., Nuber, A. H., Demir, İ. E., Neupert, S., Kollmann, P., Mazzuoli‐Weber, G., et al. (2015) · Stem Cells International · doi:10.1155/2016/3710836 · Cited by 129 · see citing works
“Neurons are rich sources of neurotrophic factors including nerve growth factor (NGF), GDNF family of ligands (such as GDNF, artemin, and neurturin), or transforming growth factor beta 1 [47].”
BackgroundSelf-citationNerve growth factor & TrkA as novel therapeutic targets in cancer.
Demir, I., Tieftrunk, E., Schorn, S., Friess, H., & Ceyhan, G. (2016) · Biochimica et Biophysica Acta · doi:10.1016/j.bbcan.2016.05.003 · Cited by 89 · see citing works
“increased neural density and hypertrophy, is a hallmark of several solid cancers, including pancreatic, breast, colon, liver, and stomach cancer (130-132).”
BackgroundSelf-citationGenetics of irritable bowel syndrome
Henström, M., & D’Amato, M. (2016) · Molecular and Cellular Pediatrics · doi:10.1186/s40348-016-0038-6 · Cited by 71 · see citing works
Demir, I., Tieftrunk, E., Schorn, S., Saricaoglu, Ö. C., Pfitzinger, P., Teller, S., Wang, K., Waldbaur, C., Kurkowski, M. U., Wörmann, S., et al. (2016) · Gut · doi:10.1136/gutjnl-2015-309784 · Cited by 85 · see citing works
Self-citationDemir, I., Kujundzic, K., Pfitzinger, P., Saricaoglu, Ö. C., Teller, S., Kehl, T., Reyes, C. M., Ertl, L., Miao, Z., Schall, T., et al. (2016) · Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America · doi:10.1073/pnas.1606909114 · Cited by 82 · see citing works
Self-citationPohl, C. S., Medland, J. E., & Moeser, A. J. (2015) · American Journal of Physiology-Gastrointestinal and Liver Physiology · doi:10.1152/ajpgi.00206.2015 · Cited by 94 · see citing works
Neuropathic cancer pain: What we are dealing with? How to manage it?
Yalçın, Ş., & Esin, E. (2014) · OncoTargets and Therapy · doi:10.2147/ott.s60995 · Cited by 62 · see citing works
Pathophysiology of Diverticular Disease: From Diverticula Formation to Symptom Generation
Barbaro, M., Cremon, C., Fuschi, D., Marasco, G., Palombo, M., Stanghellini, V., & Barbara, G. (2022) · International Journal of Molecular Sciences · doi:10.3390/ijms23126698 · Cited by 53
“In addition, neuroplastic changes are involved in pain development and persistence [101].”
BackgroundIsolation of high-purity myenteric plexus from adult human and mouse gastrointestinal tract
Grundmann, D., Klotz, M., Rabe, H., Glanemann, M., & Schäfer, K. (2015) · Scientific Reports · doi:10.1038/srep09226 · Cited by 51 · see citing works
Self-citationTissue communication in regenerative inflammatory signaling: lessons from the fly gut
Kux, K., & Pitsouli, C. (2014) · Frontiers in Cellular and Infection Microbiology · doi:10.3389/fcimb.2014.00049 · Cited by 52 · see citing works
“…Wnts and VEGF during inflammation (Andoh et al., 2007), the gut immune cells communicate with intestinal neurons during inflammation (Buhner and Schemann, 2012) to often cause changes in their morphology and density that relate to pathophysiology of the disease, i.e., pain (Demir et al., 2013).”
BackgroundTryptase and Protease-Activated Receptor 2 Expression Levels in Irritable Bowel Syndrome
Liang, W.-J., Zhang, G., Luo, H.-S., Liang, L., Huang, D., & Zhang, F.-C. (2015) · Gut and Liver · doi:10.5009/gnl14319 · Cited by 49 · see citing works
Brun, P., Scarpa, M., Marchiori, C., Sarasin, G., Caputi, V., Porzionato, A., Giron, M. C., Palù, G., & Castagliuolo, I. (2017) · PLoS ONE · doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0181863 · Cited by 48 · see citing works
“[2,4].”
Genetics of irritable bowel syndrome: shifting gear via biobank-scale studies
Camilleri, M., Zhernakova, A., Bozzarelli, I., & D’Amato, M. (2022) · Nature Reviews Gastroenterology & Hepatology · doi:10.1038/s41575-022-00662-2 · Cited by 44 · see citing works
Wu, Z.-L., Li, Y., Liu, Q.-G., Liu, Y.-X., Chen, L.-P., Zhao, H.-D., Guo, H.-D., Zhu, K.-J., Zhou, N., Chai, T., et al. (2019) · American Journal of Physiology - Cell Physiology · doi:10.1152/ajpcell.00102.2019 · Cited by 35
Inflammation and Overlap of Irritable Bowel Syndrome and Functional Dyspepsia
Wang, C., & Fang, X. (2021) · Journal of Neurogastroenterology and Motility · doi:10.5056/jnm20175 · Cited by 40 · see citing works
“Inflammatory cells such as MCs and eosinophils produce and release NGF and neurotrophin resulting in local tissue hyperinnervation (neural sprouting, and neural and ganglionic hypertrophy), and a switch in the neurochemical code toward preferential expression of neuropeptides (eg, SP and CGRP) which are frequently pre…”
BackgroundLee, M. J., Jung, H., Lee, K. E., Mun, Y., & Park, S. (2019) · Journal of Neurogastroenterology and Motility · doi:10.5056/jnm18176 · Cited by 31 · see citing works
“Although the effects of these changes on the pathogenesis of FD remain unknown, they could be implicated in the development of visceral hypersensitivity.(42) These structural alterations change neuronal electric activity, leading to impaired motility or secretion and reduced sensory thresholds, resulting in visceral h…”
BackgroundThe Human Gastrointestinal Tract, a Potential Autologous Neural Stem Cell Source
Hagl, C., Heumüller-Klug, S., Wink, E., Wessel, L., & Schäfer, K. (2013) · PLoS ONE · doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0072948 · Cited by 31 · see citing works
Self-citationAdvances in the role and mechanism of miRNA in inflammatory pain
Zhang, X., Zhu, L., Wang, X., Xia, L., & Zhang, Y. (2023) · Biomedicine & Pharmacotherapy · doi:10.1016/j.biopha.2023.114463 · Cited by 31 · see citing works
Noninvasive vagal nerve stimulation for gastroenterology pain disorders.
Gottfried-Blackmore, A., Habtezion, A., & Nguyen, L. (2020) · Pain Management · doi:10.2217/pmt-2020-0067 · Cited by 26 · see citing works
Zhang, L., Song, J., Bai, T., Wang, R., & Hou, X. (2018) · Neurogastroenterology & Motility · doi:10.1111/nmo.13430 · Cited by 24 · see citing works
Sarnelli, G., Pesce, M., Seguella, L., Lu, J., Efficie, E., Tack, J. F., Palma, F. D. E. D., D’Alessandro, A., & Esposito, G. (2020) · Cellular and Molecular Gastroenterology and Hepatology · doi:10.1016/j.jcmgh.2020.10.001 · Cited by 24 · see citing works
The colon revisited or the key to wellness, health and disease.
Gonzalez-Correa, C., Mulett-Vásquez, E., Miranda, D. A., González-Correa, C., & Gómez-Buitrago, P. (2017) · Medical Hypotheses · doi:10.1016/j.mehy.2017.07.032 · Cited by 23 · see citing works
Nerve fiber overgrowth in patients with symptomatic diverticular disease
Barbaro, M. R., Cremon, C., Fuschi, D., Scaioli, E., Veneziano, A., Marasco, G., Festi, D., Stanghellini, V., & Barbara, G. (2019) · Neurogastroenterology & Motility · doi:10.1111/nmo.13575 · Cited by 24 · see citing works
Targeting nNOS ameliorates the severe neuropathic pain due to chronic pancreatitis
Demir, İ. E., Heinrich, T., Carty, D. G., Saricaoglu, Ö. C., Klauss, S., Teller, S., Kehl, T., Reyes, C. M., Tieftrunk, E., Lazarou, M., et al. (2019) · EBioMedicine · doi:10.1016/j.ebiom.2019.07.055 · Cited by 19 · see citing works
Self-citationGastric vagal afferent neuropathy following experimental spinal cord injury
Besecker, E., Blanke, E., Deiter, G., & Holmes, G. (2019) · Experimental Neurology · doi:10.1016/j.expneurol.2019.113092 · Cited by 16 · see citing works
“Evidence of pathophysiological neuronal plasticity is also beginning to accumulate in organ systems innervated by the vagus nerve (see Browning, 2010; Demir et al., 2013; Kentish et al., 2015; Kwong et al., 2008; Mawe et al., 2009; Troy et al., 2016; Yu et al., 2019).”
BackgroundTranscriptional landscape of TRPV1, TRPA1, TRPV4, and TRPM8 channels throughout human tissues.
Kudsi, S. Q., Piccoli, B., Ardisson-Araújo, D. M. P., & Trevisan, G. (2022) · Life Science · doi:10.1016/j.lfs.2022.120977 · Cited by 15 · see citing works
Modelling pain associated with pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma in mice.
Selvaraj, D., Hirth, M., Gandla, J., & Kuner, R. (2017) · Pain · doi:10.1097/j.pain.0000000000000956 · Cited by 15
“However, the development and progression of pain associated with PDAC was not investigated in these studies.(13,14) Some genetic models reproduce the histopathological features of human PDAC, but are unsuitable for behavioral analyses owing to late onset, high variability in tumor onset latency, and large variations i…”
BackgroundTryptase compromises corneal epithelial barrier function
Li, Q., Jie, Y., Wang, C., Zhang, Y.-N., Guo, H., & Pan, Z. (2014) · Cell Biochemistry and Function · doi:10.1002/cbf.2991 · Cited by 14 · see citing works
Fan, H., Wu, Z.-Y., Zhu, D.-Y., Gu, J., Xu, M., Zhang, M., Duan, H.-K., Li, Y.-Q., & Chen, T. (2022) · Frontiers in Neuroscience · doi:10.3389/fnins.2021.804722 · Cited by 11 · see citing works
Durand, C., Pezet, S., Eutamène, H., Demarquay, C., Mathieu, N., Moussa, L., Daudin, R., Holler, V., Sabourin, J., Milliat, F., et al. (2015) · Pain · doi:10.1097/j.pain.0000000000000190 · Cited by 13 · see citing works
“Numerous clinical and experimental studies showed that these changes are time dependent and related to the nature of inflammation.(12,14,26) In this study, we showed that colorectal irradiation induced MC hyperplasia, hypertrophy, and likely their activation.”
BackgroundLuo, Z., Wang, T., Zhang, Z.-L., Zeng, H.-K., Yi, M.-Q., Li, P., Pan, J.-Q., Zhu, C., Lin, N., Liang, S.-D., et al. (2023) · Frontiers in Pharmacology · doi:10.3389/fphar.2023.1117762 · Cited by 12 · see citing works
“Even after resolution of inflammation, chronic pain can develop and last for a long period (Demir et al., 2013; Raja et al., 2020; Finnerup et al., 2021).”
BackgroundNeurogenic Appendicitis: A Reappraisal of the Clinicopathological Features and Pathogenesis
Hussein, M., Bshabshe, A. A. A., Elhakeem, A., & Elsamman, M. (2022) · Diagnostics · doi:10.3390/diagnostics12061386 · Cited by 12 · see citing works
“This leads to an increased sensitivity to pain, due to the excessive release of several neurotrophic factors [29].”
BackgroundInfluentialNie, Y., Liang, J., Sun, J., Li, J., Zhai, X., & Zhao, P. (2023) · International Immunopharmacology · doi:10.1016/j.intimp.2023.111018 · Cited by 10 · see citing works
Neuroimmunomodulation in human autoimmune liver disease
Fehér, E., Pongor, É., Altdorfer, K., Kóbori, L., & Lengyel, G. (2013) · Cell and Tissue Research · doi:10.1007/s00441-013-1683-x · Cited by 10
“Demir et al. (2013) demonstrated the changes in innervation density in the enteric nervous system, where the number of SP and NPY nerve fibers was increased in liver cirrhosis.”
BackgroundCollier, C. A., Salikhova, A., Sabir, S., & Raghavan, S. A. (2025) · Biology Open · doi:10.1242/bio.061867 · Cited by 7 · see citing works
“1) are in alignment with reports of sustained structural changes in the enteric nervous system in the context of chronic inflammation (Demir et al., 2013), including in irritable bowel syndrome, diverticular disease, and in aging (Deduchovas et al., 2008; Hanani et al., 2004; Törnblom et al., 2002).”
Anti-inflammatory Effects of Fungal Metabolites in Mouse Intestine as Revealed by In vitro Models
Schreiber, D., Marx, L., Felix, S., Clasohm, J., Weyland, M., Schäfer, M., Klotz, M., Lilischkis, R., Erkel, G., & Schäfer, K. (2017) · Frontiers in Physiology · doi:10.3389/fphys.2017.00566 · Cited by 9 · see citing works
“Based on an intense neuro-immune interaction, the ENS takes an active part in intestinal immunology (von Boyen et al., 2004; Fruhwald et al., 2006; Lakhan and Kirchgessner, 2010; Margolis et al., 2011; Demir et al., 2013).”
BackgroundInfluentialSelf-citationSticlaru, L., Stăniceanu, F., Cioplea, M., Nichita, L., Bastian, A., Micu, G., & Popp, C. (2019) · Analytical Cellular Pathology · doi:10.1155/2019/3085181 · Cited by 8 · see citing works
The Evolving Role of Mucosal Histology in the Evaluation of Pediatric Functional Dyspepsia: A Review
Friesen, C. A., Colombo, J. M., & Schurman, J. V. (2019) · Gastrointestinal Disorders · doi:10.3390/gidisord1010013 · Cited by 7 · see citing works
Roles of Substance P in Gastrointestinal Functions and Neuroimmune Interactions
Vilisaar, J., & Arsenescu, R. (2016) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-3-319-28609-9_4 · Cited by 8 · see citing works
Advanced Modeling of Peripheral Neuro-Effector Communication and -Plasticity
Goldsteen, P. A., Dolga, A. M., & Gosens, R. (2020) · Physiology · doi:10.1152/physiol.00010.2020 · Cited by 7 · see citing works
Elusive liver factor that causes pancreatic α cell hyperplasia: A review of literature.
Yu, R., Zheng, Y., Lucas, M., & Tong, Y.-G. (2015) · World Journal of Gastrointestinal Pathophysiology · doi:10.4291/wjgp.v6.i4.131 · Cited by 7 · see citing works
Horling, L., Bunnett, N., Messlinger, K., Neuhuber, W., & Raab, M. (2014) · Histochemistry and Cell Biology · doi:10.1007/s00418-013-1162-1 · Cited by 7 · see citing works
Saricaoglu, Ö. C., Teller, S., Wang, X.-B., Wang, S., Stupakov, P., Heinrich, T., Istvanffy, R., Friess, H., Ceyhan, G., & Demir, I. (2020) · Neurogastroenterology and Motility · doi:10.1111/nmo.13880 · Cited by 6 · see citing works
Self-citationZhang, X., Zhao, L.-X., Cheng, S., & Liu, Y.-F. (2025) · Cancer Cell International · doi:10.1186/s12935-025-03682-5 · Cited by 4 · see citing works
“Before infiltrating the peripheral nerves, cells express a large number of neurotrophic factors, such as nerve sphingomyelin (Artemin), nerve growth factor (NGF), etc., which can produce a strong affinity and sensitivity to the adjacent nerve fiber endings [34].”
Simulating pancreatic neuroplasticity: in vitro dual-neuron plasticity assay.
Demir, I., Tieftrunk, E., Schäfer, K., Friess, H., & Ceyhan, G. (2014) · Journal of Visualized Experiments · doi:10.3791/51049 · Cited by 4 · see citing works
Self-citationRole of Inflammation and the NF-κB Signaling Pathway in Hirschsprung’s Disease
Elkrewi, E. Z., Abdulqader, A. A. A., Khasanov, R., Maas‐Omlor, S., Wessel, L. M., Boettcher, M., Schäfer, K., & Tapia-Laliena, M. Á. (2024) · Biomolecules · doi:10.3390/biom14080992 · Cited by 5 · see citing works
Self-citationLiang, L., Zhang, J.-S., Duan, H.-X., Li, X., Xie, S.-S., & Wang, C.-F. (2023) · Cryobiology · doi:10.1016/j.cryobiol.2023.104569 · Cited by 3
Pneumatosis cystoides intestinalis and hyperganglionosis - Cause or effect? A review.
Tharmaradinam, S., Kanthan, S., & Kanthan, R. (2020) · Pathology, Research and Practice · doi:10.1016/j.prp.2020.152879 · Cited by 3 · see citing works
Nervenverteilung und -verteilungsdichte in der Hüftgelenkskapsel des Hundes
Giebels, F., Prescher, A., Wagenpfeil, S., Bücker, A., & Kinzel, S. (2017) · Tierärztliche Praxis K: Kleintiere/Heimtiere · doi:10.15654/tpk-160366 · Cited by 3
“Ann Rheum Dis 2007; 66 (11): 1423–1428.”
BackgroundSamsam, M. (2015) · Neuro - Open Journal · doi:10.17140/noj-2-117 · Cited by 3 · see citing works
Decoding the dialogue: The vagus nerve at the interface of brain, body, and Tumor.
Dang, H., & Jin, W. (2026) · Molecular Aspects of Medicine · doi:10.1016/j.mam.2026.101487 · Cited by 2 · see citing works
Liu, Z.-Y., Zhu, J., Chen, Q., Tao, K., Wei, K., Wu, X., Qiu, H.-B., & Lu, Z. (2025) · IBRO Neuroscience Reports · doi:10.1016/j.ibneur.2025.06.012 · Cited by 2
“For instance, in caerulein-induced pancreatitis models, Par2 activation in sensory neurons triggers the release of neuropeptides (e.g., substance P and calcitonin gene-related peptide), fostering neurogenic inflammation and central sensitization (Demir et al., 2013).”
Futagami, S., Kessoku, T., Kasai, Y., Higurashi, T., Nakajima, A., Agawa, S., Yamawaki, H., Nakamura, K., Habiro, M., Kawawa, R., et al. (2023) · Journal of Gastroenterology and Hepatology · doi:10.1111/jgh.16250 · Cited by 5 · see citing works
[Functional dyspepsia: a multifaceted problem in gastroenterology].
Osadchuk, M., Svistunov, A., Balashov, D., & Osadchuk, M. (2021) · Терапевтический архив · doi:10.26442/00403660.2021.12.201190 · Cited by 2 · see citing works
“При воспалении тучные клетки и эозинофилы синтезируют и высвобождают фактор роста нервов и нейротрофин, что приводит к локальной гипериннервации тканей и переключению нейрохимического кода в сторону преимущественной экспрессии нейропептидов, которые локализуются в ноцицептивных нейронах [21, 22].”
BackgroundNeural Hypertrophy and Hyperplasia in a Case of Chronic Ovine Pancreatitis.
Cournoyer, A., Fournier, D., & Benoit-Biancamano, M. (2021) · Journal of Comparative Pathology · doi:10.1016/j.jcpa.2021.03.002 · Cited by 2
Guerra, L., Stoffolano, J., Belardinelli, M., & Fausto, A. M. (2016) · Journal of Insect Science · doi:10.1093/jisesa/iev162 · Cited by 2
“…sglds were dissected in phosphate buffered saline (PBS) and immediately observed using a computerized image analysis system, which included a Zeiss light microscope (Axiophot) equipped with a video color camera (Axio Cam MRC, Arese, Milano-Italy) and imaging software (KS 300 and AxioVision).”
BackgroundMethodPlastic ingestion alters stomach anatomy and biomechanics in sable shearwaters (Ardenna carneipes)
Pollet, I. L., Connelly, W. M., Feenstra, M., de Jersey, A. M., Bond, A. L., Lavers, J. L., & Rivers-Auty, J. (2026) · Journal of Hazardous Materials: Plastics · doi:10.1016/j.hazmp.2026.100080 · Cited by 1 · see citing works
Factors Affecting the Readmission of Patients with Pancreatic Cancer after Surgery
Gu, X.-J., Zhou, W., & Han, J. (2022) · Applied Bionics and Biomechanics · doi:10.1155/2022/6106914 · Cited by 1
“CGRP can regulate gastric mucosal vascular and smooth muscle contraction and affects gastric acid secretion [21].”
BackgroundRetractedPain in chronic pancreatitis: mechanics or molecules?
Demir, E., Safak, O., Friess, H., & Demir, I. (2020) · Pain Management · doi:10.2217/pmt-2020-0011 · Cited by 1 · see citing works
Self-citationRytel, L., & Całka, J. (2020) · BioMed Research International · doi:10.1155/2020/1049179 · Cited by 1 · see citing works
“Moreover, both SP and CGRP in the digestive system may modulate the gastrointestinal secretory activity [33], blood flow in the wall of the digestive tract [34], and intestinal motility (although CGRP is not a typical factor regulating smooth muscle activity) [35].”
BackgroundOhlsson, B., & Melander, O. (2015) · Drug Target Insights · doi:10.4137/dti.s26589 · Cited by 1
Li, Y.-J., Liu, L.-P., Yang, N.-N., Yang, J.-W., & Liu, C. (2026) · Pain Research and Management · doi:10.1155/prm/5547436
Pain in Pancreatic Cancer: Mechanisms and Management
Bozkırlı, B., Piyade, B., Sisman, G., & Ceyhan, G. (2021) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-3-030-53786-9_77
Self-citationHyperganglionosis in Pneumatosis Cystoides Intestinalis- A Clinicopathological Review in Adults
Tharmaradinam, S., Kanthan, S., & Kanthan, R. (2020) · Gastroenterology Hepatology & Digestive Disorders · doi:10.33425/2639-9334.1053
“Present review underlines that neuronal plasticity spans all gastrointestinal organs and exhibits common phenotypes and mechanisms [20,23,25].”
Background
- Authors
- Demir, I. E., Schäfer, K.-H., Tieftrunk, E., Friess, H., & Ceyhan, G. O.
- Affiliations
- University of Applied Sciences Kaiserslautern (DE)
- TUM Klinikum (DE)
- Venue
- Acta Neuropathologica
- Published
- 2013-02-17
- Volume
- 125
- Issue
- 4
- Pages
- 491-509
- ISSN
- 0001-6322 (ISSN-L)
- 1432-0533
- OpenAlex
- W1977884263
- Cited by
- 77
- References
- 121
- Citations by year
- 2026: 3 · 2025: 3 · 2024: 2 · 2023: 6 · 2022: 7 · 2021: 5 · 2020: 7 · 2019: 9 · 2018: 1 · 2017: 7 · 2016: 5 · 2015: 14 · 2014: 4 · 2013: 4
- FWCI
- 1.44
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Licence
- www.springer.com/tdm (tdm)
- Locations
- Acta Neuropathologica (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- mediaTUM (Technical University of Munich) (submittedVersion)
- Topics
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Gastroenterology › Gastrointestinal motility and disorders
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Physiology › Pain Mechanisms and Treatments
- Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Cellular and Molecular Neuroscience › Neuropeptides and Animal Physiology
- Keywords
- neuroplasticity, chronic inflammation, hypersensitivity, visceral pain, hyperinnervation, neuropeptides, substance P, calcitonin gene-related peptide, ion channels, TRPV1, TRPA1, PAR2, peripheral glia, neuroimmune interactions, gastrointestinal motility, gastrointestinal secretion
- MeSH terms
- Humans, Inflammation, Neuronal Plasticity, Neurons, Nociceptors, Calcitonin Gene-Related Peptide, Gastrointestinal Tract, TRPV Cation Channels
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.
What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›
Are you an author, or do you see a problem with this page? Request a review
