Effects of Chlorella protothecoides-derived polydeoxyribonucleotides on skin regeneration and wound healing
Abstract
The skin acts as a crucial barrier and, upon injury, initiates complex wound-healing processes involving various cell types. Polydeoxyribonucleotides (PDRNs) are well-known for their efficacy in enhancing skin regeneration and wound healing. This study sought to investigate the effectiveness of PDRNs derived from Chlorella protothecoides, a sustainable and scalable microalgal source, in promoting skin regeneration and wound healing. Keratinocytes and fibroblasts were used for assessing the impact of PDRNs on cell proliferation, migration, collagen synthesis, and angiogenesis. Gene expression and associated signaling pathways were also examined using RT-qPCR and Western blot analyses. Our findings demonstrated that PDRNs significantly enhanced the proliferation and migration of skin cells, upregulated growth arrest specific 6 (GAS6) and hepatocyte growth factor (HGF) expression, and increased collagen synthesis by modulating collagen type I alpha 1 (COLIA1) expression. Additionally, PDRNs enhanced angiogenesis by promoting vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) expression and activation of ERK, AKT, β-catenin and STAT3 pathways via an adenosine A2A receptor (A2AR)-dependent mechanism. These findings suggest that microalgal-derived PDRNs have significant potential as sustainable and effective agents for clinical and cosmetic applications aimed at improving skin health and wound healing.
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In dermal fibroblasts, PDRN enhances metabolic activity and promotes the synthesis of collagen types I and III through activation of the ERK pathway.
“In dermal fibroblasts, PDRN enhances metabolic activity and promotes the synthesis of essential ECM components—particularly collagen types I and III—through activation of the extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK) pathway [52,89,90,91,92,93,94].”
From Comparison of Polynucleotide and Polydeoxyribonucleotide in Dermatology: Molecular Mechanisms and Clinical Perspectives (2025) · cites this paper as [94]
Cites
Proteins from Microalgae for the Stabilization of Fluid Interfaces, Emulsions, and Foams
Bertsch, P., Böcker, L., Mathys, A., & Fischer, P. (2021) · Trends in Food Science & Technology · doi:10.1016/j.tifs.2020.12.014 · Cited by 157 · see citing works
Polydeoxyribonucleotide: A Promising Biological Platform to Accelerate Impaired Skin Wound Healing
Galeano, M., Pallio, G., Irrera, N., Mannino, F., Bitto, A., Altavilla, D., Vaccaro, M., Squadrito, G., Arcoraci, V., Colonna, M. R., et al. (2021) · Pharmaceuticals · doi:10.3390/ph14111103 · Cited by 79 · see citing works
Colangelo, M. T., Galli, C., & Guizzardi, S. (2020) · Regenerative Medicine · doi:10.2217/rme-2019-0118 · Cited by 59 · see citing works
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Kim, S. T. (2025) · Pharmaceutics · doi:10.3390/pharmaceutics17081024 · Cited by 18 · see citing works
- Authors
- Park, J. M., Nam, G. B., Lee, E.-S., Kim, H.-M., Kim, H., Myoung, K., Lee, J. E., Baek, H. S., Ko, J., & Lee, C. S.
- Affiliations
- Eulji University (KR)
- Amorepacific (South Korea) (KR)
- Corresponding author
- Ko, Jaeyoung
- Lee, Chang Seok
- Venue
- Archives of Dermatological Research
- Published
- 2025-02-24
- Volume
- 317
- Issue
- 1
- Pages
- 483-483
- ISSN
- 0003-9187 (ISSN-L)
- 1432-069X
- OpenAlex
- W4407870484
- Cited by
- 7
- References
- 3
- Citations by year
- 2026: 4 · 2025: 3
- FWCI
- 2.38
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Licence
- Locations
- Archives of Dermatological Research (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Topics
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Rehabilitation › Wound Healing and Treatments
- Life Sciences › Agricultural and Biological Sciences › Aquatic Science › Seaweed-derived Bioactive Compounds
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Dermatology › Dermatologic Treatments and Research
- Keywords
- Chlorella protothecoides, polydeoxyribonucleotide, wound healing, skin regeneration, keratinocytes, fibroblasts, cell proliferation and migration, collagen synthesis, angiogenesis, Gas6, hepatocyte growth factor, vascular endothelial growth factor, ERK signaling, AKT pathway, β-catenin, STAT3, adenosine A2A receptor, signaling pathways
- MeSH terms
- Collagen Type I, alpha 1 Chain, Animals, Cell Movement, Chlorella, Fibroblasts, Humans, Polydeoxyribonucleotides, Regeneration, Skin, Wound Healing, Signal Transduction, Keratinocytes, Hepatocyte Growth Factor, Neovascularization, Physiologic, Collagen Type I, Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor A, Cell Proliferation
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